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Resistance of Earth
System Earthing
Arc Suppression Coil or Petersen Coil
Winding Resistance Test of Shunt Reactor
Measurement of Reactance of a Shunt Reactor
Tests of Shunt Reactor​Closely Related Articles
Armature Winding
Wave Winding
Winding Factor
Lap Winding
Types of Winding
Armature Winding
Alternator Synchronous Generator | Definition and Types of Alternator
Working Principle of Alternator
Construction of Alternator
Armature Reaction in Alternator or Synchronous Generator
Rating of Alternator
Derivation of Various Power Conditions in Alternators and Synchronous Motors
Induction Generator | Application of Induction Generator
Parallel Operation of Alternator
Motor Generator Set | M G Set
Principle of DC Generator
Construction of DC Generator | Yoke Pole Armature Brushes of DC Generator
Characteristics of Series Wound DC Generator
Characteristic of Separately Excited DC Generator
EMF Equation of DC Generator
Parallel Operation of DC Generators
Self Excited DC Generators
Hopkinson Test
Phasor Diagram for Synchronous Generator
DC Generators Performance Curves
Types of DC Generators
Characteristic of Shunt Wound DC Generator
Magnetization Curve of DC Generator
Applications of DC Generators

Lap Winding Simplex and Duplex Lap Winding

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Armature windings are mainly of two types – ​lap winding and wave winding.
Here we are going to discuss about ​lap winding​.

Lap winding is the winding in which successive coils overlap each other. It is
named "Lap" winding because it doubles or laps back with its succeeding coils.
In this winding the finishing end of one coil is connected to one commutator
segment and the starting end of the next coil situated under the same pole and
connected with same commutator segment.

Here we can see in picture, the finishing end of coil - 1 and starting end of coil - 2
are both connected to the commutator segment - 2 and both coils are under the
same magnetic pole that is N pole here.
Lap winding are of two types –
1. Simplex Lap Winding

2. Duplex Lap Winding

Simplex Lap Winding

A winding in which the number of parallel path between the brushes is

equal to the number of poles is called simplex lap winding.
Duplex Lap Winding

A winding in which the number of parallel path between the brushes is twice the
number of poles is called ​duplex lap winding​. Some important points to
remember while designing the Lap winding:
If, Z = the number ​conductors
P = number of poles
Y​B​ = Back pitch
Y​F​ = Front pitch
Y​C​ = Commutator pitch
Y​A​ = Average pole pitch
Y​P​ = Pole pitch
Y​R​ = Resultant pitch

Then, the back and front pitches are of opposite sign and they cannot be equal.
Y​B​ = Y​F​ ± 2m
m = multiplicity of the winding.
m = 1 for Simplex Lap winding
m = 2 for Duplex Lap winding
When,
Y​B​ > Y​F​, it is called progressive winding.
Y​B​ < Y​F​ , it is called retrogressive winding.
Back pitch and front pitch must be odd.
Resultant pitch (Y​R​) = Y​B​ - Y​F​ = 2m
Y​R​ is even because it is the difference between two odd numbers.
Commutator pitch (Y​C​) = ±m
Number of parallel path in the Lap winding = mP
Let us start from 1​st​ conductor,
Back connections Front connections
1 to (1+Y​B​) = (1+5) = 6 6 to (6-Y​F​) = (6-3) = 3
3 to (3+5) = 8 8 to (8-3) = 5
5 to (5+5) = 10 10 to (10-3) = 7
7 to (7+5) = 12 12 to (12-3) = 9
9 to (9+5) = 14 14 to (14-3) = 11
11 to (11+5) = 16 16 to (16-3) =13
13 to (13+5) = 18 = (18-16) = 2 2 to (18-3) = 15
15 to (15+5) = 20 = (20-16) = 4 4 to (20-3) = 17 = (17-16) = 1

Advantages of Lap Winding

1. This winding is necessarily required for large ​current application because

it has more parallel paths.

2. It is suitable for low ​voltage​ and high current generators.

Disadvantages of Lap Winding

1. It gives less emf compared to wave winding. This winding requires more

no. of conductors for giving the same emf, it results high winding cost.
2. It has less efficient utilization of space in the armature slots.

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Synchronous Generator | Definition and Types of Alternator​Working Principle of
Alternator​Construction of Alternator​Armature Reaction in Alternator or Synchronous Generator
Rating of Alternator​Derivation of Various Power Conditions in Alternators and Synchronous
Motors​Induction Generator | Application of Induction Generator​Parallel Operation of
Alternator​Motor Generator Set | M G Set​Principle of DC Generator​Construction of DC
Generator | Yoke Pole Armature Brushes of DC Generator​Characteristics of Series Wound DC
Generator​Characteristic of Separately Excited DC Generator​EMF Equation of DC
Generator​Parallel Operation of DC Generators​Self Excited DC Generators​Hopkinson
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Generator​Applications of DC Generators​New Articles ​System Earthing​Arc Suppression Coil or
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Reactor​Tests of Shunt Reactor

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