= Faculty of Engineering and Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Degree ‘COURSE CODE ‘COURSE TITLE: e323 | thermodynamic t EXAMINATION SERIES: | 20" May, 2013 ‘APRIL/MAY 2013 [TIME AWOWeD: READING TIM MAK, MARKS: I 2 Hours 10 minutes 3.00 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES | 4. This paper contains 4questions, 2. ‘This paper has 2 pages excluding the cover page. 3. Ansiver ALL FOUR QUESTIONS. 4. The marks for each question are indicated [] |S. Alllsketches should be clear and in good proportion. | 6. Answers should show sufficient working steps to indicate the solution method used. 7. Any additional examination material is tobe placed in the answer book end must indicate ‘leary the question number, full name and the student 10 number. INSTRUCTIONS TO INVIGILATORS 1. Provide ‘Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Fluids: SI Units By G. F.C. Roger and Y. R. Mayhew. | 2. Psychrometric chart | 3. Teble A-17 4. Programmable calculators are not allowed.Question 1 (a) Air at 10°C and 80 kPa enters the diffuser of 2 jet engine steadily with a velocity of 200 m/s. The inlet area of the diffuser is 0.4m*. The air leaves the diffuser with a velocity that is very small compared with the inlet velocity. i, Determine the mass flow rate of the air . [6] ii, Using information on table A-17, calculate the temperature of the air leaving the diffuser. (10) iii. Using sketches show the difference between a diffuser and a nozzle. [4] (b) Calculate the entropy change when I kg of air is throttled from 10bars to 2 bi 5] Question 2 In a steam turbine plant 20 kg/s is supplied to a high-pressure turbine at 80 bars and 450°C, and expansion within this turbine is to 15 bars with an isentropic efficiency of 87%. After exhausting from the high-pressure turbine, the steam is reheated at constant pressure to 400°C before passing to the low- pressure turbine where in it expands to the condenser pressure of 0.05 bars with an isentropic efficiency of 78%. i. Sketch the cycle on T-s coordinates {5} Neglecting the feed pump work transfer, calculate the followings: ii. The power output of the plant (10) iii, The thermal efficiency (s] iv. The efficiency of the Camot cycle operating between the same steam saturated temperature limits (51 Question 3 (@) A gas turbine unit has a pressure ratio of 10/1 and 2 maximum cycle temperature of 700°C. The isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine are 0.82 and 0.85, respectively. The air enters the compressor at 15°C and at the rate of 15 kg/s. (sketch a labeled T-s diagram 1 (ii) show the equations that determine the actual exit temperature of the compressor and the turbine. Is) (b) (i) Whet is brake and indicated power referring to internal combustion engines. (4) (i) A single-cylinder gas engine working on a four-stroke cyele is required to develop brake power of 20 kW,and mechanical efficiency of 80%, when running at 300 rev/min. The mean effective pressure is to be 600 KN/m* and the stroke = 114 x bore, Determine the necessary cylinder diameter. {10} (c) A fuel (coal) consists of 80% carbon, 4.6% hydrogen, 3% oxygen, and the remainder ash. Find the theoretical mass of air required per kg of fuel. BIQuestion 4 (@) Explain briefly what is an air-conditioning system l4 (0) In an ammonia refrigeration plant, the refrigerant enters the compressor as a dry saturated vapour at 2.908 bar abs. Afier isentropic compression, the refrigerant leaves the compressor at 9.722 bar abs and no undercooling of the condensed liquid. () sketch and label an ideal cycle on a T-s diagram 2) Determine Gi) the temperature of the refrigerant after compression (to the nearest degree) [4] (iii) the dryness fraction of the vapour entering the evaporator. Rl (iv) the coefficient of performance (COP),. BI (©) The readings taken in a room fiom a sling psychrometer give a dry and a wet bulb temperature of 25°C and 20°C respectively. Using a psychrometric chart, taking the atmospheric pressure as 1.01325 bar, determine: (@ the specific humidity, RI (Gi) the relative humidity, BI Gi) the dew poim, PI (iv) the specific volume of mixture, 2] (v) the specific enthalpy of the mixture. 2]