Maria

Assumpta
Convent
Senior
Secondary
School

Submitted to:
INFRARED SENSOR BASED SECURITY Ma’am
Vaishali
SYSTEM
(PHYSIC PROJECT)

Submitted by:

Simon Peter Rawat

XII - Science
 CONTENTS

 Certificate

 Acknowledgement

 Aim

 Introduction

 Theory

 Requirement

 Circuit Diagram

 Procedure

 Result

 Precautions
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Simon Peter Rawat of class XII-Science of

Maria Assumpta Convent School has successfully carried out the

investigatory project entitled Infrared Sensor based Security System

under the supervision of Physics mentor Ms. Vaishali Tandon for the

academic year 2018-19.

All the works related to the project is done by the candidate

himself. The approach towards the subject has been sincere and

scientific.

Teacher’s Sign. Principal Sign.

Internal Examiner

External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my Physics

teacher Ms. Vaishali Tandon for their able guidance and support in

completing my project.

I would like to extend my gratitude to the Principal Fr. Norbert

Rodrigues and Vice Principal Sis. Gloria for providing me with all the

facility that were required.

SIMON PETER RAWAT

XII- SCIENCE
 AIM

To make Infrared Sensor Based Security System

using some principles and components of
Physics
INTRODUCTION

Rapid growth in the world population with incommensurate employment

opportunities and pressures of a more complex society, the incidences of
human intrusions and burglaries and crime in private and public places are
on the increase. Heightened security concerns at homes, banks, shopping
malls, schools, offices, etc. have led to continued search for improved,
trustworthy security gadgets.

Such concerns are apparent in the form of installations of remote cameras,

the presence of security guard and other monitoring devices and alarm
systems, which are in constant use. However, many such devices and and
services are relatively costly. Moreover, they require a high and steady
power supply for their operation. An Infrared Sensor Security Alarming System
which has been constructed and and tested, offers the advantages of low
cost and low power consumption in its operation.

The sensors are set at the door/ entrance point or at some other
supervised area and the alarm is triggered when an intruder passes within its
range of coverage to notify/ alert the people/ security personnel.

Infrared science and technology has been introduced since the first
applications , mainly dedicated to security and surveillance especially in
military field, besides specialized techniques in thermal imaging for medical
diagnostic and building structures and recently in energy savings and
aerospace context. In all these applications the advent of room
temperature, more reliable due to the coolers avoidance, low cost, and
overall, completely integrated silicon technology FPAs, especially designed
and tailored for specific applications, smart sensors has really been
impacted with revolutionary and new ideas and systems concepts in all the
infrared fields, especially for security applications.

A review of all the items with evidence of the weak and strong points of
each item, especially considering possible future developments, will be
reported and discussed.
THEORY

The anode of the tansmitter and receiver are connevted to the 5 V power
supplyand cathodes are connected to the ground. When the bias voltage is
applied to the security alarm circuit, the transmitter emits the Infra-red Ray
(IR).

The ray receives the receiver and produces an output signal. The output
signal of the receiver is very weak to drive the buzzer and need to amplify.
Then, this signal is coupled to the amplifier by a coupling capacitor. The
amplifier amplifies the weak signal four times to operate the output device
(e.g. speaker)

Infrared signal amplification circuit

TRANSMITTER:

Transmitter circuit uses 74LS 14 IC, which is Schmitt Trigger IC. Schmitt Trigger
is used to generate signals of different frequencies. Here, IC 74LS14
generates 40 KHz signal which is transmitted by IR LED. Signal resistor R2,
capacitor C1, and Diode D1 is used for exact 40 KHz signal. Adjust P1 for
maximum range. Red LED shows that power supply is on when the brightness
of LED decreases change the battery for proper power operations.
RECEIVER:

Receiver circuit operated at 5V D.C. and it derives power supply circuit.

Here, we use 9V D.C. battery. IC LM7805 converts 9V D.C. Instead of 9V
battery we can use transformer which converts 230V A.C. - 12V A.C. to D.C.
by Diode D1 & D2. Then it is filtered by capacitor C1 and IC3 converts it into
regulated 5v D.C. IR receiver module detects 40 KHz signal and its output is
low, when someone breaks the IR Sensor, it does not get signal and its output
goes to higher level. This output level is fed to Schmitt Trigger IC2 at pin 1.
Output is available at pin 8 of IC2 that is used to drive the transistor. Green
LED shows the ON. Output is available means buzzer is ON for approximately
10 seconds. After 10 Seconds circuit resets automatically and it is ready to
detect other object.

REQUIREMENTS

 9 V Battery
 Battery cap
 Integrated circuits
 PNP Transistor
 Infrared Transmitter and Receiver
 Light Emitting Diode
 Small Resistance
 Buzzer
 Connecting Wire
 Electrolytic Capacitor
 Diodes- Rectifier and Zener
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE

 Connect the battery to the switch using Battery Gap to on-off the power

supply to the circuit.

 Connect the switch to a small resistance which will stop uneven power

supply.

 Connect the resistance to Infrared Transmitter in series.

 When current will reach the transmitter, it will send Infrared Rays which is

invisible to naked eyes.

 The transmitter is forward biased and the receiver is reverse biased.

 On the other side the Infrared receiver will receive the rays.

 The receiver is connected to a PNP Transistor, then the Transistor is

connected to the buzzer and LED in series.

 The circuit is complete when there is sending and receiving of IR Rays.

 Whenever there is interruption b/w IR Rays Transistor and receiver the

Current Starts flowing through the Transistor then the buzzer stars

beeping and the LED starts glowing.

RESULT

The result of this circuit depend upon the continuity of the IR beam. If there is
a continuous beam towards the receiver there will be no alarm. The
interruption of the beam will result in an intruder alarm.
PRECAUTIONS

 The PCB and the components to be soldered must be free of dirt or

grease.

 Use 15- 25 watt soldering iron for general work involving small joints.

 Do not move the components until the molten soldier, at the joint is

cooled.

 Mount the components at the appropriate places before soldering.

 Follow the circuit description and component details and their

identification.

 Do not sit under a fan while soldering.

 Power supply should be 9V D.C.