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OBJETIVOS
1. Viscosímetro de Otswald.
2. Cronometro.
3. Pipeta de 10 ml. Graduada.
4. Termostato.
5. Tubo de goma y bombilla soporte y pinzas.
6. Soportes y pinzas.
REACTIVOS
1. Aceite lubricante.
2. Tolueno
PROCEDIMIENTO EXPERIMENTAL
𝑔𝑟 𝑔𝑟
𝜃𝐻2𝑂 (seg) 𝜃𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜 (seg) 𝜃𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 (gr) 𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜 ( ) 𝜌𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 ( )
𝑚𝑙 𝑚𝑙
3.86 4.166 180.10 0.8417228 1.226396
3.66 3.80 137.533 0.859623 1.225776
3.40 3.40 96.73 0.853976 1.22079
T°K (1/T)°K
298.15 3.354016435(10-3)
303.15 3.298697015(10-3)
308.15 3.245172805(10-3)
𝑛𝐻2𝑂 (Cp) 𝑔𝑟
T°C 𝜌𝐻2𝑂 ( )
𝑚𝑙
25 0.815 0.9971
30 0.8007 0.995678
35 0.7225 0.994061
TOLUENO:
a) A 25°C
25°𝐶
𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛+𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜 − 𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛+𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜
𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙 =
𝑉
25°𝐶
73.00814gr − 30.922gr
𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙 =
50𝑚𝑙
25°𝐶
𝑔𝑟
𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙 = 0.8417228
𝑚𝑙
b) A 30°C
30°𝐶
𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛+𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜 − 𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜
𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙 =
𝑉
30°𝐶
73.9315gr − 30.922gr
𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙 =
50𝑚𝑙
30°𝐶
𝑔𝑟
𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙 = 0.859623
𝑚𝑙
c) A 35°C
25°𝐶
𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛+𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜 − 𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑙 =
𝑉
35°𝐶
73.62080gr − 30.922gr
𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙 =
50𝑚𝑙
35°𝐶
𝑔𝑟
𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙 = 0.853976
𝑚𝑙
(2) Viscosidad a diferentes Temperaturas:
a) A 25°C
25°𝐶
𝑛𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜 . 𝜃𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑙 =
𝜌𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜃𝐻2𝑂
𝑔𝑟
0.895𝐶𝑝. 0.8417228 . 4.166seg
25°𝐶
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑙 = 𝑚𝑙
𝑔𝑟
0.9971 . (3.86seg)
𝑚𝑙
25°𝐶
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑙 = 0.8154275327 𝐶𝑝
b) A 30°C
30°𝐶
𝑛𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜 . 𝜃𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑙 =
𝜌𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜃𝐻2𝑂
𝑔𝑟
0.8007𝐶𝑝. 0.859623 . (3.80seg)
30°𝐶
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑙 = 𝑚𝑙
𝑔𝑟
0.995678 . (3.66seg)
𝑚𝑙
30°𝐶
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑙 = 0.7177305882 𝐶𝑝
c) A 35°C
35°𝐶
𝑛𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜌𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜 . 𝜃𝑡𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑜
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑙 =
𝜌𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜃𝐻2𝑂
𝑔𝑟
0.7225𝐶𝑝. 0.853976 . (3.40seg)
35°𝐶
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑙 = 𝑚𝑙
𝑔𝑟
0.994061 . (3.40seg)
𝑚𝑙
35°𝐶
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑙 = 0.6206839017 𝐶𝑝
𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐸 = 4981.767501
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑐𝑎𝑙
4981.767501
−0.2040427233 = 𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙
. (3.354016435. 10−3 ) + ln 𝐴
1.987
𝑚𝑜𝑙°𝐾
ln 𝐴 = −8.163167068
𝐴 = −1.816975498. 10−4
(4) Hallar la H:
𝑛
𝜕 ln (𝜌) ∆H
[ ] =
1 R
𝜕 (𝑇)
𝑃
∆H
2639.961244°𝐾 =
𝑐𝑎𝑙
1.987
𝑚𝑜𝑙°𝐾
cal
∆H = 5245.602991
mol
(5) Hallar la ∆S:
∆𝐻 − ∆𝐺
∆𝑆 =
𝑇
𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑙
5245.602991 −4981.767501
∆𝑆1 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
298.15°K
𝑐𝑎𝑙
∆𝑆1 = 0.8849085695
𝑚𝑜𝑙. °𝐾
𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑙
5245.602991 −4981.767501
∆𝑆2 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
303.15°K
𝑐𝑎𝑙
∆𝑆2 = 0.8703133432
𝑚𝑜𝑙. °𝐾
𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑙
5245.602991 −4981.767501
∆𝑆3 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙
308.15°K
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑐𝑎𝑙
∆𝑆3 = 0.8561917573
𝑚𝑜𝑙. °𝐾
GLICERINA:
a) A 25°C
25°𝐶
𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛+𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 − 𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜
𝜌𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 =
𝑉
25°𝐶 𝑔𝑟
𝜌𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 1.226396
𝑚𝑙
b) A 30°C
30°𝐶
𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛+𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 − 𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜
𝜌𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 =
𝑉
30°𝐶 𝑔𝑟
𝜌𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 1.225776
𝑚𝑙
c) A 35°C
25°𝐶
𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛+𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 − 𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 =
𝑉
a) A 25°C
25°𝐶
𝑛𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜌𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 . 𝜃𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 =
𝜌𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜃𝐻2𝑂
𝑔𝑟
0.895𝐶𝑝 (1.226396 ) . (180.10)seg
25°𝐶
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 𝑚𝑙
𝑔𝑟
0.9971 . (3.86seg)
𝑚𝑙
25°𝐶
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 51.36194395 𝐶𝑝
b) A 30°C
30°𝐶
𝑛𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜌𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 . 𝜃𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 =
𝜌𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜃𝐻2𝑂
𝑔𝑟
0.8007𝐶𝑝. (1.225776 ). (137.533seg)
30°𝐶
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 𝑚𝑙
𝑔𝑟
0.995678 . (3.66seg)
𝑚𝑙
30°𝐶
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 37.04144003 𝐶𝑝
c) A 35°C
35°𝐶
𝑛𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜌𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 . 𝜃𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 =
𝜌𝐻2𝑂 . 𝜃𝐻2𝑂
𝑔𝑟
0.7225𝐶𝑝. (1.22079 ). (3.40seg)
35°𝐶
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 𝑚𝑙
𝑔𝑟
0.994061 . (3.40seg)
𝑚𝑙
35°𝐶
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎 = 25.24341167 𝐶𝑝
𝐸 1
ln 𝑛 = ( ) + ln 𝐴
𝑅 𝑇
𝐸
𝑚=𝑅
3.938897508 − 3.228565198 𝐸
𝑚= =
3.354016435(10−3 ) − 3.245172805(10−3 ) 𝑐𝑎𝑙
1.987
𝑚𝑜𝑙°𝐾
𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝐸 = 12967.50485
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑐𝑎𝑙
12967.50485
3938897508 = 𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙
. (3.354016435. 10−3 ) + ln 𝐴
1.987
𝑚𝑜𝑙°𝐾
ln 𝐴 = −17.94999247
𝐴 = 1.6010958037. 10−8
(4) Hallar la H:
𝑛
𝜕 ln (𝜌) ∆H
[ ] =
1 R
𝜕 (𝑇)
𝑃
∆H
6484.07916°𝐾 =
𝑐𝑎𝑙
1.987
𝑚𝑜𝑙°𝐾
cal
∆H = 12883.86529
mol
∆𝐻 − ∆𝐺
∆𝑆 =
𝑇
𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑙
12883.86529 −12967.50485
∆𝑆1 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
298.15°K
𝑐𝑎𝑙
∆𝑆1 = −0.2805284588
𝑚𝑜𝑙. °𝐾
𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑙
12883.86529 −12967.50485
∆𝑆2 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
303.15°K
𝑐𝑎𝑙
∆𝑆2 = −0.2759015669
𝑚𝑜𝑙. °𝐾
𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑙
12883.86529 −12967.50485
∆𝑆3 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙
308.15°K
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑐𝑎𝑙
∆𝑆3 = −0.2714248256
𝑚𝑜𝑙. °𝐾
CONCLUSIONES
ser pesado.
BIBLIOGRAFIA