ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSAL MOTOR CONTROLLER DESIGNING FOR

WASHING MACHINES

BARADAS, JESTER ALLEN

DUMALAOG, MA. CORAZON
GARCIA, CHRISTIAN
MENDOZA, JUSTIN
BS ECE

ENGR. KATHERINE ESCANO

INSTRUCTOR

DECEMBER 2018
 INTRODUCTION

In home appliances and light household equipment, electronics is commonly

found in the man machine interface (dashboards, control panels, remote controls,
etc...), as well as in the management of complex operating sequences, such as in
washing machines; however, it is only just beginning to be used to control the electric
motors which power them with high efficiency.

Universal motors are widely used in household appliances like washing machine,
vacuum cleaners, sewing machines and most domestic appliances because it is cost
effective in respect of volume/power and it has a good torque response. In addition, a
control system with low cost is desired.

In the field of washing machine speed control the major challenge is inconstant
applied torque to motor. Unpredictable place of laundry in washing machine results in
disturbance of applied torque to motor. In addition, in transition mode from wash to
dehydration (spin) change in position of laundry in drum results in sudden high changes
in torque. Lee et. al tries to estimate the laundry moment of inertia in different washing
stages in order to optimize the washing time by real time test equipment.

Since, different types of motor are being utilized in washing machines, different
controlling methods are reviewed for each motor type.

Main driving parts of washing machine includes motor, power transmission

system (pulley & shaft) and drum. Clothes in washing machine are washed via rotation
of drum. All rotating parts are assembled in tub which is connected to washing machine
structure by a suspension system which contains some springs and dampers.

Each washing cycle of washing machine includes at least three main steps:
washing, rinsing and spinning. The purpose of wash is removing dirt and soils from
clothes. Therefore, in real time tests, clothes must be fallen from specific height in order
to achieve maximum washing performance.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM

The operation of a control system may consist of many steps. For example, the
operation of a
washing machine can be represented by the following text:

1. Dirty clothes and an appropriate amount of detergent are put into the washing drum
before the
machine is turned on.
2. The washing drum is filled with water.

3. If the water temperature deviates from the preset value, more hot water will be
added.
4. The internal program causes the washing drum to rotate, so the detergent and water
inside can
remove the dirt on the clothes.

5. The drum rotates at high speed controlled by the machine, so as to drain the excess
water and
dry the clothes.
6. Finally, the machine stops.
TRANSFER FUNCTION

Mason’s Rule
Loop Gains: Forward Path Gains: (Pi)
1 1 1 1
-(kp)( )(ka)( ) (kp)( )(ka)( )
La +s Js+Bm La +s Js+Bm

k 1 1 k 1 1
-( i) ( )(ka)( ) ( i) ( )(ka)( )
s La +s Js+Bm s La +s Js+Bm

1 1 1 1
-(kds) ( )(ka)( ) (kds) ( )(ka)( )
La +s Js+Bm La +s Js+Bm

1 1
-( )(ka)( )(k b ) Non-touching Loop Gains: 0
La +s Js+Bm

Solution
∑i P i ∆ i
T=
∆

1 1 k 1
(𝐿 + 𝑠) (𝑘𝑎 ) ( 𝐽𝑠 + 𝐵 ) (𝑘𝑝 + si + 𝑘𝑑 s) R(s) − (Js + B )𝑇𝐿
𝐶(𝑠) = 𝑎 𝑚 m
1 1 ki
1+( (𝑘 ) + + 𝑘𝑑 s + k b )
𝐿𝑎 + 𝑠) 𝑎 ( 𝐽𝑠 + 𝐵𝑚 ) (𝑘𝑝 s

Signal Flow