14.

It is the method by which a public officer may be

removed from office during his tenure or before the
expiration of his term by a vote of the people after
registration of the petition signed by the required
percentage of the qualified voters.
a. Plebiscite b. Referendum c.Recall d. Impeachment
15. What is the difference between a citizen and an
alien?
a. A citizen is a member of a democratic community,
while an alien is only someone passing through
another country.
b. A citizen is a member of a democratic country who
is accorded protection inside and outside the
territory of the State, while an alien is a citizen of
another country who may only be protected inside
the territory where he is passing through.
c. A citizen is a member of a democratic country who
enjoys full civil and political rights while an alien is
someone who does not enjoy the same.
d. All of the above
21. Is a citizen also a national?
a. Yes, inasmuch as he also owes allegiance to a
State.
b. No, the two are not the same.
c. Yes, because like a nation a citizen exercises
political and civil rights.
d. No, not all citizens are nationals.
23. Pedro was born January 17, 1973, of Filipino
mother but a Swedish father. Is he still required to
elect his Philippine citizenship?
a. Yes. Since he was born on January 17, 1973, the
governing provision during that time requires that his
parents must both be Filipinos. Thus to effect his
Philippine citizenship, he must elect for it upon
reaching 18 years old.
b. No. The governing provision at the time of his birth
requires only that either his father or mother is a
Filipino. Thus, he is already a Filipino and electing his
Philippine citizenship is no longer necessary.
c. Yes because Art. 4, Sec. 1 (3) states that ―those
born on January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who
elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of
majority‖ are citizens of the Philippines. So if Pedro
wants to be a Filipino citizen he must elect for it.
d. No because he is already 38 years old.
24. It is a form of government in which the control of
national and local affairs is exercised by the central or
national government.
 a. Republic b. Unitary c.Federal d. Parliamentary
39. It is a name given to the submission of a law or
part thereof passed by the national or local legislative
body to the voting citizens of a country for their
ratification or rejection.
a. Election b. Plebiscite c.Referendum d. Initiative
41. Who among the following is a registered voter?
a. One who is eighteen years of age and can read and
write.
b. One who is at least 35 years of age on the day of
the election and is a resident of the Philippines for at
least 2 years prior the day of election.
c. one who has all the qualifications and none of the
disqualifications of a voter provided by law and who
has registered in the list of voters.
d. All of the above
___A___31. ―Citizens must enjoy formal equality
before the law.‖
a. Liberal Democracy b. Non-liberal
Democracy c. Nationalist Democracy d. All of
the above
1. Monarchy – one man (king) noted for his noble
lineage and honor is vested with the right to rule
and control the society. If this man pursues his own
selfish interest, this form of government may turn
into ―Tyranny.‖
2. Aristocracy – a selected few who are known for their
wealth and education have the right to rule. If this
selected few pursue their own personal interests,
this form of government may end up in becoming an
―Oligarchy.‖
3. Democracy – it is the rule by the people, for the
people, and of the people. If this form of
government downgrades into the rule of people‘s
passions instead or reason, it becomes
―Demagoguery‖ or ―Mobocracy.‖
Elections are supervised by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), a
constitutionally mandated, independent body.

Parties are required to register with the COMELEC with a verified petition with
attachments including a constitution, by-laws, platform, and such other information as
may be required by the COMELEC. They are required to have chapters in a majority
of regions, and within each region, a majority of provinces, down to towns and
barangays.
Cheating is a well-developed art in Philippine elections. Local politicians are
adept at manipulating the process from beginning to end. Cheating begins during the
registration process when politicians work to remove supporters of competitors and
pad the voters list with "flying voters" (those who vote more than once in several
precincts). During the campaign "guns, goons, and gold" are used extensively to
intimidate competitors' supporters, and to literally buy support. Cheating does not end
at the time of the actual election. Election return canvassers, often public school
teachers are bribed to manipulate the results. If cheating before and during the
election is "retail" cheating, at the canvassing stage it is "wholesale" cheating which
occurs.
If cheating is a normal part of elections, so is protesting election results.
Politicians say there are only two kinds of candidates in the Philippines, winners and
those who are cheated. In the 1995 senatorial elections, a sophisticated nationwide
network for dagdag-bawas (adding-subtracting) resulted in the election of reportedly
as many as three senators who would not have won otherwise. One of those edged out
of the winning slate, former Senator Aquilino Pimentel, filed a protest with the
COMELEC.

Party System
The structures of all major parties are almost all the same. The basic party unit
is at the municipal level. Party units then go up the ladder to the provincial party
committee, then the national convention or directorate. These bodies are made up of
prominent leaders of the party, former and incumbent elected officials. Within these
bodies there are central/executive committees made up of a smaller number of top
party leaders. Except for the ruling party, none have permanent party headquarters or
paid staff except during elections. In between elections, party headquarters are usually
at the party leader's home or office.
The party candidate for president and the key national players in the party have
the most say in candidate selection down to local candidates. The centralization of the
process of candidate selection has increased in recent years because of two
developments: one, the synchronized national and local elections mandated by the
1987 Constitution, and second, the increasing importance of money in elections.
Synchronized elections make local candidates dependent on national candidates and
their parties in contrast to the past where local officials, already in place in local
elections held earlier, are needed by national candidates in subsequent national
elections. Although local candidates still have to have their own campaign resources,
the rapidly increasing cost of election campaigns have made national party
organizations stronger because they have more access to larger pools of campaign
donations.
Following