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Abstract
1. 1 INTRODUCTION
at billing counter. People purchase different items in the malls and puts
them in the trolley. At the cash counter billing process is done using bar
semiconductor chips can be used. This has led to the use of RFID also
mall, consumers need to take the particular items from the display shelf and
then queue up and wait for their turn to make payment. The time taken for
consumers to wait for the customers in front of the queue to scan every
single item and then followed by making payment will definitely take plenty
of time. Most consumers will worry the amount of money brought is not
enough to pay for all the things that wanted to be bought until it comes to
In this method there are barcode labels on each product which can be read
optical impulses into electrical ones. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers
contain decoder circuit to analyze the barcode's image data provided by the
sensor and sending the barcode's content to the scanner's output port.
different items in the malls and puts them in the trolley. At the cash counter
billing process is done using bar code scanner. This is very time consuming
cart using PIR sensor. Some of the specific objective of the study includes
the following
1. To determine sensors that will provide more protection to the baby
trolley.
3. To develop a system that will makes shopping much more easier and
fun.
4. To develop a system that will saves the trouble of pushing the cart
around.
topic or related. It will also be useful to shoppers as it will save them the
Owing to the scope of this project work as stated above, this project
occur in the course of fact finding. It is also wise to mention here that some
reason.
shop, especially supermarkets, for use by customers inside the shop for
sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of
2.0 INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, a review of related literature was carried out the views
customers can then also use the cart to transport their purchased goods to
their vehicles, but some carts are designed to prevent them from leaving
the shop.
customers are allowed to leave the carts in designated areas within the
parking lot, and store personnel will return the carts to the storage area. In
handles and basket areas prior to handling them or filling them with
groceries due to high levels of bacteria that typically live on shopping carts,
(Heather, 2011). This is due to the carts having a high level of exposure to
metal and plastic and have been designed to nest within each other in a
line to facilitate collecting and moving many at one time and also to save on
storage space. The carts can come in many sizes, with larger ones able to
carry a child. There are also specialized carts designed for two children,
customers.
shopping carts, (Smith, 2006). Some stores both in the USA and
internationally have child carrying carts that look like a car or van with a
seat where a child can sit equipped with a steering wheel and sometimes a
the child restrained, lower to the ground, protected from falling items, and
amused.
Shopping carts are usually fitted with four wheels, however if any one
wheel jams the cart can become difficult to handle. Most carts in the United
States have swivel wheels at the front, while the rear wheels are fixed in
Small shops, where carts would be impractical, often supply only baskets,
or may offer a small cart which uses an inserted shopping basket within the
GOLDMAN
One of the first shopping carts was introduced on June 4, 1937, the
chain in Oklahoma. One night, in 1936, Goldman sat in his office wondering
Goldman and one of his employees, a mechanic named Fred Young, began
tinkering. Their first shopping cart was a metal frame that held two wire
baskets. Since they were inspired by the folding chair, Goldman called his
of forming and welding the wire. The cart was awarded patent number
2,196,914 on April 9, 1940 (Filing date: March 14, 1938), titled, "Folding
part of a new “No Basket Carrying Plan." Goldman had already pioneered
self-serve stores and carts were part of the self-serve retail concept,
(Crockett, 2016).
male and female models to push his new invention around his store and
urban areas like New York City, where transporting groceries home from
the store's parking lot is more likely to involve walking and/or a trip by
Goldman's design are still popular. Instead of baskets, these carts are built
to hold the paper bags dispensed by the grocery store. Another shopping
cart innovator was Watson, (2003), who invented the swinging rear door to
advice from his trusted business partners Fred Taylor, a grocery store
yielded the familiar nesting cart that we see today (albeit the original
telescope cart had two baskets rather than one). Goldman patented a
similar version of the cart which he called the "Nest-Kart" in 1948, over one
year after Watson filed for his patent. (Catherine, 2006). The Nest-Kart
operating license (apart from the three licenses that had already been
carriages. This was well before shopping carts with child seating areas
belts for shopping carts were introduced by David Allen. It was high tech for
proposed that Automatic Billing System using Li-Fi Module will be the
used in LiFi as visible light transmitters. They proposed about the billing
done by the Lifi device. The Lifi is a costly device which is not to be
LiFi.
each product of shopping mall, super markets will be provided with a RFID
tag,to identify its type. Each shopping cart is designed or implemented with
proposed that Smart Shopping Cart for Automated Billing Purpose using
System which automates the entire billing procedure. The system which is
developed is highly reliable, fair and cost- effective. It is reliable and fair
System Using Advanced RFID and GSM Technology. In that, the frame
traffic and eliminating possible human errors. Here the vehicle information
is got through the RFID whereas we use RFID for the scanning of products.
meter reading using GSM network. In that, GSM Power Digital Meter
the energy provider side. The web portal is used in the power meter
measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They
All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit heat energy
in the form of radiation. Usually this radiation isn't visible to the human eye
The term passive in this instance refers to the fact that PIR devices
2.4.2 CONSTRUCTION
Infrared radiation enters through the front of the sensor, known as the
'sensor face'. At the core of a PIR sensor is a solid state sensor or set of
energy when exposed to heat. Typically, the sensors are approximately 1/4
inch square (40 mm2), and take the form of a thin film. Materials commonly
circuit.
animals, or other objects. They are commonly used in burglar alarms and
2.4.4 OPERATION
radiation impinging upon it, which varies depending on the temperature and
temperature at that point in the sensor's field of view will rise from room
change in the output voltage, and this triggers the detection. Objects of
different infrared emission pattern, and thus moving them with respect to
segments, an effective range of about ten meters (thirty feet), and a field of
view less than 180 degrees. Models with wider fields of view, including 360
larger PIRs are made with single segment mirrors and can sense changes
in infrared energy over thirty meters (one hundred feet) away from the PIR.
There are also PIRs designed with reversible orientation mirrors which
allow either broad coverage (110° wide) or very narrow "curtain" coverage,
each other so that the average temperature of the field of view is removed
from the electrical signal; an increase of IR energy across the entire sensor
is self-cancelling and will not trigger the device. This allows the device to
may still be able to saturate the sensor materials and render the sensor
human movement is detected within the "line of sight" of the PIR sensor, a
pair of complementary pulses are processed at the output pin of the PIR
circuit. The contacts of this relay close and open in response to the signals
from the PIR, activating the attached load across its contacts,
restricted area.
the infrared energy can enter. Despite often being only translucent to visible
light, infrared energy is able to reach the sensor through the window
window reduces the chance of foreign objects (dust, insects, etc.) from
causing false alarms. The window may be used as a filter, to limit the
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION AND DESIGN OF TROLLEY
Fig.1.Hardware Implementation
connected to the keypad for the user.A relay driver connected with the dc
motor is interfaced with the microcontroller.And the RFID reader to the level
measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They
are most often used in PIR-based motion detectors. PIR sensors allow you
moved in or out of the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive, low-
power, easy to use . They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared",
RAM and can be used to control the projects (or build projects around it).
So it saves building a circuit that has separate external RAM, ROM and
peripheral chips.
Fig.3. PIC Microcontroller
(Fig.4) used to gather information from an RFID tag, which is used to track
individual objects. Radio waves are used to transfer data from the tag to a
RFID tag does not have to be scanned directly, nor does it require line-of-
sight to a reader. The RFID tag must be within the range of an RFID reader,
Fig.3.RFID Reader
RFID tagging system includes the tag itself, a read/write device, and a host
system application for data collection, processing, and transmission. An
LCD 16x4 display(Fig.5) which is built in with ST7066 controller IC; its
display 16x4 modules are also available in SPI and I2C interface by using
enable you to connect with internet via GPRS. It is suitable for SMS, Voice
power supply.
Basically, the 4x3 keypad contains push buttons that are arranged in
four rows and three columns produce twelve characters as shown in the
figure. Sometimes this called as “4x3 switch matrix” due to the arrangement
of switches in a matrix form. The internal construction of these keypads
4. ARRANGEMENT ARCHITECTURE
Fig.8.Arrangement Architecture
the above Design of Trolley. The main part is the PIC microcontroller which
is connected to the keypad, relay driver, and a GSM module for the
process.
CHAPTER FIVE
working staff is needed to bill each item , the need to push the trolley
Trolley(Fig.9) the trolley has a RFID technology which scans the product
while the product gets into to the trolley, the user gets a confirmation
through the Mobile app and confirms it. In the trolley if any product needs to
be removed from the trolley, the user just by pressing the star(*) button can
confirming the product has been taken. For this kind of removing we have
kept a sliding door like structure. Whenever the user presses the star(*)
button the door opens slowly, so that we can take that product.
The fig.9 shows the real time implementation of the trolley. The
project has been successfully finished. The trolley follows the user
5.3 CONCLUSION
The automation of shopping cart is a technique by which the user can
be used in airports where the heavy luggage’s need not be pushed all
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