Zootaxa 2489: 34–46 (2010) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

www.mapress.com / zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA

Copyright © 2010 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)

On the generic nomenclature of nine brachyuran names, with four replacement

names and two nomina protecta (Crustacea: Decapoda)

PETER K. L. NG1 & MARTYN E. Y. LOW2

1
Tropical Marine Science Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
119260, Republic of Singapore. E-mail: dbsngkl@nus.edu.sg
2
Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2,
Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore. E-mail: dbsleym@nus.edu.sg

Abstract

Four generic names for Brachyura were found to be preoccupied: Epithelphusa Rodríguez & Smalley, 1969, Forsteria
Bott, 1969, Odhneria Sakai, 1983, and Villalobosus Ng & Alvarez, 2000. Replacement names are here proposed for
them. Two junior homonyms, Psaumis Kossmann, 1877, and Quadrella Dana, 1851, do not need to be replaced as the
senior homonyms have not been used as valid names since 1899, and the implementation of Article 23 of the Code
allows the names to be maintained as a nomina protecta. The nomenclature of three other names: Mithrax Latreille,
1816, Naxia Latreille, 1825, and Thia Leach, 1816, are also discussed.

Introduction

Tony Rees (Divisional Data Centre, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Australia) contacted the
authors with a list of names appearing in the recently published world lists of extant Brachyura (Ng et al.
2008; De Grave et al. 2009) that may be homonyms. A detailed study of these revealed that several generic
names were indeed junior homonyms and we also uncovered various nomenclatural issues with several other
names. Following the recommendations of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (hereafter
referred to as the Code, ICZN, 1999), we have referred the junior homonyms to the authors responsible for
them who are still active in the field and requested that they propose replacement names. Some have already
taken action (see Cumberlidge in press; Galil & Ng in press; Guinot & Low in press; Ng & Takeda in press).
Here we attempt to resolve the outstanding nomenclatural problems as well as provide clarification for the
priority, authorship and status of several other generic names.
The resolution of recent nomenclatural problems has been made much easier by the Biodiversity Heritage
Library (w ww.biodiversitylibrary), Internet Archive (ww w.archive.org) and Google Books
(www.books.google.com), which were invaluable sources of digitized copies of the original works. That our
task was made that much easier by their excellent curation and search capabilities is testament to their
continued role in providing the starting materials for resolving nomenclatural and taxonomic problems.
Articles 23 and 52 of the Code were followed to deal with the various replacement names and the nomina
protecta dealt with here.
Four generic names were found to be junior homonyms: Epithelphusa Rodriguez & Smalley, 1969,
Forsteria Bott, 1969, Odhneria Sakai, 1983, and Villalobosus Ng & Alvarez, 2000. Because they do not have
available junior synonyms, replacement names are here proposed. Two preoccupied names, Psaumis
Kossmann, 1877, and Quadrella Dana, 1851, are here regarded as a nomina protecta, and the names can
therefore continue to be used. The nomenclature of three other names: Mithrax Desmarest, 1816, Naxia
Latreille, 1825, and Thia Leach, 1816, are discussed.

34 Accepted by P. Castro: 22 Apr. 2010; published: 31 May 2010

Replacement names

Ehecatusa nom. nov. for Epithelphusa Rodríguez & Smalley, 1969 (Pseudothelphusidae Ortmann, 1893)
preoccupied by Epithelphusa Drago, 1887 (Enchytraeidae: Clitellata: Annelida)

The name Epithelphusa catanensis was first used by Drago (1887: 81) for an oligochaete worm found on the
gills of “Telphusa fluviatilis” in the province of Catania, Sicily. Although not explicitly stated, the etymology
of the genus and species names can be readily inferred. From that locality, the host would almost certainly be
the potamid crab, Potamon fluviatile (Herbst, 1785). Drago’s name has seldom been used since and was
synonymized by Michaelsen (1900: 78) under Lumbricillus Ørsted, 1844. Apparently unaware of
Michaelsen’s (1900) earlier action, Stiles & Hassall (1905: 104) treated Epithelphusa Drago, 1887, as a valid
taxon and designated E. catanensis Drago, 1887, as the type species by monotypy, stating: “Epithelphusa
Drago, ‘1887a,’ 1887b, 81–83. E. catanensis Drago, 1887b, 81–83, only species, hence type. Parasitic
oligochete [sic]”.
Rodríquez & Smalley (1969: 75, 76) established Epithelphusa for a new species of pseudothelphusid
freshwater crab, Epithelphusa mixtepensis, from San Gabriel, Mixtepec, Mexico. The authors remarked that
the name Epithelphusa is derived from their observation that the marginal process of the male first gonopod is
anterior to but not fused to the mesial lobe.
Stiles & Hassall’s (1905) use of Drago’s (1887) name as a “valid name” after 1899 in the sense of Article
23.9.1.1 of the Code makes it available. The requirements of Article 23.9.1.1 thus cannot be fulfilled, and a
reversal of precedence is not possible. As such, we propose Ehecatusa nom. nov. as a replacement name for
Epithelphusa Rodríguez & Smalley, 1969. The name is derived from the Aztec wind god, Ehēcatl, arbitrarily
combined with a common genus name for freshwater crabs, Thelphusa, the gender thus being feminine. The
type species of the genus remains Epithelphusa mixtepensis Rodríguez & Smalley, 1969.

Forsteriana nom. nov. for Forsteria Bott, 1969 (Trichodactylidae H. Milne Edwards, 1853) preoccupied by
Forsteria Tippmann, 1960 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Walter Forster was a director of what is now known as the Zoologische Staatsammlung München (Munich
State Zoological Collection). He was an accomplished entomologist instrumental in expanding the
collection’s insect holdings. In his honour, two fellow German zoologists named homonymous genera after
him.
Friederich F. Tippmann (1960: 212–214) described a new genus and species of cerambycid beetle,
Forsteria unguicularis. The genus was also the basis for a new tribe, Forsterini, established by Tippmann
(1960: 210). Although there was no explicit derivation of the generic name in his paper, a new species in the
same publication (p. 166), Acanthoderes forsteri, was “kindly dedicated” to “Herrn Dr. Walter Forster,
München”, and whose name is found throughout this publication as a collector. Forsteria Tippmann, 1960, is
today regarded as a junior synonym of Falsamblesthis Breuning, 1959. Although taxonomically invalid, the
name remains available for the purposes of homonymy.
Bott (1969: 37) named a new subgenus of trichodactylid crab, Valvidia (Forsteria), after the “Direktor der
Zoologischen Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates in München, Dr. Walter Forster”. Bott (1969) designated
Valdivia (Forsteria) venezuelensis edentata Bott, 1969, as the type species, and included another subspecies,
Valdivia (Forsteria) venezuelensis venezuelensis Rathbun, 1905, in the genus. Rodríguez (1992: 98) raised
Bott’s (1969) name to a full genus and placed Valdivia (Forsteria) venezuelensis edentata Bott, 1969, in the
synonymy of Trichodactylus (Valdivia) venezuelensis Rathbun, 1905. Magalhães & Türkay (1996: 100)
confirmed this synonymy, stating that: “After having examined the material […], it becomes clear that only
one species is involved and that […] Bott’s taxa cannot be separated from F. [= Forsteria] venezuelensis.”
As Forsteria Bott, 1969, is a junior homonym of Forsteria Tippmann, 1960, we propose Forsteriana
nom. nov. for Bott’s name. The gender is feminine, and the type species is Valdivia (Forsteria) venezuelensis
edentata Bott, 1969.

GENERIC NOMENCLATURE OF NINE BRACHYURAN NAMES Zootaxa 2489 © 2010 Magnolia Press · 35
Odhnea nom. nov. for Odhneria Sakai, 1983 (Xanthidae MacLeay, 1838), preoccupied by Odhneria Travassos,
1921, and Odhneria Baer, 1924 (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda)

The name Odhneria was first used for two different genera of Trematoda. Lauro Travassos (1921: 64)
established the genus Odhneria with a new species, Odhneria odhneri, as type species. In 1924, Jean-Georges
Baer (p. 22) also used Odhneria as a name for a new genus of Trematoda, distinct from that of Travassos’
(1921). Baer (1924: 25) explains the etymology of the name stating: “We dedicate this new genus to Prof. Th.
Odhner, who has done so much for the study and classification of the digenetic Trematodes.”.
Yeh (1957: 99) found Baer’s (1924) name to be synonymous with Encyclometra Baylis & Cannon, 1924,
and noted that both names were “published on the same day”. Tkach (2008: 349), however, comments that
“the paper by Baer (1924) was published several days earlier than that of Baylis & Cannon (1924)”. In any
case, Yeh (1957) was aware of Travassos’ (1921) earlier use of the name Odhneria and as he had recognized
Encyclometra Baylis & Cannon, 1924, as the senior synonym for Odhneria Baer, 1924, he had no need to give
a replacement name. The “Odhner”, whom the names honour is Nils Johan Teodor Odhner, a Swedish
zoologist attached to the University of Christiana in Norway (Anonymous 1929). He also published several
works on the Crustacea later in his career (see Odhner 1923, 1925), which led to Odhneria being proposed as
a patronym for him and thus became a third homonym.
Tune Sakai (1983: 13, 14) established a new genus of Xanthidae, Odhneria, after the same Nils Johan
Teodor Odhner. Although he makes no reference to the derivation of this name, Odhner’s (1925) work is cited
extensively. Furthermore, in an earlier paper, Sakai (1974: 92) determined that the “Actaea kraussi” of Odhner
(1925: 73) was in fact a new species and proposed the name Banareia odhneri, stating “To this latter form,
[the] new specific name odhneri is given at this opportunity”. It can thus safely be assumed that Odhneria was
also named in honour of Nils Johan Teodor Odhner.
We propose the name Odhnea nom. nov. for Odhneria Sakai, 1983, which is preoccupied by both
Odhneria Travassos, 1921, and Odhneria Baer, 1924. This name is arbitrarily derived from the preoccupied
name Odhneria. The gender is feminine, and the type species remains Odhneria acutidens Sakai, 1983.

Villalobosius nom. nov. for Villalobosus Ng & Alvarez, 2000 (Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904), preoccupied by
Villalobosus Hobbs, 1972 (Crustacea: Astacoidea: Cambaridae)

The name Stygothelphusa was first used by Ng (1989: 64) for a genus of gecarcinucid freshwater crabs from
Sarawak, Malaysia, with Potamon (Thelphusa) bidiense Lanchester, 1900, as the type species. Alvarez &
Villalobos (1991: 290) also used Stygothelphusa for a new genus of pseudothelphusid freshwater crab which
included Stygothelphusa lopezformenti Alvarez & Villalobos, 1991, as the type species. In both instances, the
names were derived from Styg for “below the Earth” (for the localities inhabited by these crabs) in
combination with the freshwater crab genus Thelphusa.
The name Villalobosus was proposed by Ng & Alvarez (2000: 337) to replace Stygothelphusa Alvarez &
Villalobos, 1991. The name Villalobosus unfortunately had already been used for a subgenus of freshwater
crayfish by Hobbs (1972: 12). Both names honour noted freshwater carcinologist, José Luis Villalobos.
Although of different rank within the genus group, Article 53.2 (ICZN, 1999: 57) states that the Principle of
Homonymy applies to all names used within the same taxon group (whether they were established for a
family-, genus- or species-group). Therefore, Villalobosus Ng & Alvarez 2000, is preoccupied by
Procambarus (Villalobosus) Hobbs, 1972.
We here propose Villalobosius nom. nov. for Villalobosus Ng & Alvarez, 2000, which is preoccupied by
Procambarus (Villalobosus) Hobbs, 1972. The gender of the name is masculine and the type species remains
as Stygothelphusa lopezformenti Alvarez & Villalobos, 1991.

36 · Zootaxa 2489 © 2010 Magnolia Press NG & LOW

Nomina protecta

Reversal of precendence: Psaumis Kossmann, 1877 (Xanthidae MacLeay, 1838), a nomen protectum, and Psaumis
Pascoe, 1866 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a nomen oblitum

Psaumis was proposed by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe (1866: 246) for a genus of beetle collected by Alfred
Russel Wallace from Southeast Asia, with Psaumis turbidus as its only included species. This genus was
subsequently synonymized under Epicasta Thomson, 1864, by Gemminger & de Harold (1873: 3068), who
wrote: “Epicasta Nom. prop. Thomson. System. Ceramb. 1864. p. 90. Psaumis Pascoe.” This synonymy has
been generally accepted, and no post-1899 use of Psaumis Pascoe, 1866, as a valid name for a coleopteran
genus has been found in the entomological literature.
Robby August Kossmann (1877: 26) established Psaumis for Cancer fossulatus Girard, 1859, a xanthid
crab. In the synonymy of Actaea De Haan, 1833, Stebbing (1908: 29) wrote: “1877. Psaumis (preocc.)
Kossmann, Crust. des rothen Meeres, Malacostraca, p. 26.”. Rathbun (1930: 250) also listed Psaumis in the
synonymy of Actaea De Haan, 1833. She stated: “Psaumis Kossmann, Zool. Ergeb. Reise Küstengeb. Rothern
Meeres, Crust., 1877, p. 26; type, P. fossulatus (Girard) = Cancer fossulatus Girard, 1859. Psaumis used by
Pascoe, Trans. London Ent. Soc., ser. 3, vol. 3, 1866, pp. 228 and 246, for a species of Coleoptera.”.
Article 23.9.1 of the Code (ICZN, 1999: 27) allows for a reversal of precedence of a junior homonym
when the senior homonym has not been used as a valid name after 1899 (Article 23.9.1.1) and the junior
homonym “has been used for a particular taxon, as its presumed valid name, in at least 25 works, published by
at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years”
(Article 23.9.1.2).
As he does not make any reference to an author other than Kossmann, Stebbing’s (1908) remark that
Psaumis Kossmann, 1877, was “preocc”. clearly does not constitute recognition of Psaumis Pascoe, 1866, as
a valid genus. Rathbun’s (1930) reference to “Psaumis Pascoe” is only slightly different. The use of a “valid
name” by an author in the sense of Article 23.9.1.1 must be unambiguous and make a clear indication that the
name is still in current use. As Rathbun (1930) was merely noting that Kossmann’s and Pascoe’s names were
homonyms and she did not comment on its validity, her use of the name also does not constitute a valid usage
of Psaumis Pascoe, 1866, in the sense of Article 23.9.1.1. She also did not replace Psaumis Kossmann, 1877,
as she regarded it as a junior synonym of Actaea De Haan, 1833. Thus, we could find no valid usage of the
name Psaumis Pascoe, 1866, since 1899, fulfilling the requirements of Article 23.9.1.1. In addition, the name
Psaumis Kossmann, 1877, has been used in at least 30 papers, written by 51 different authors over the past 42
years (see Appendix 1). This fulfills the requirements of Article 23.9.1.2 for the list of these papers.
As both requirements of Article 23.9.1 are met, and in accordance with Article 23.9.2, Psaumis
Kossmann, 1877, is here regarded as a valid name and takes precedence over Psaumis Pascoe, 1866. Psaumis
Kossmann, 1877, now becomes a nomen protectum, and Psaumis Pascoe, 1866, a nomen oblitum.

Reversal of precedence: Quadrella Dana, 1851 (Trapeziidae Miers, 1866), a nomen protectum, and Quadrella
Lhwyd & Huddesford, 1760 (Mollusca: Solenoidea: Solenidae), a nomen oblitum

August Nicolaus Herrmannsen (1848: 417) in his synonymy list for the razor clam genus Solen, included “?
Quadrella Luid.”. Eduardi Luidii is the Latinized name for Edward Lhwyd. Lhwyd (1699: 43, Pl. 11) writes:
“908. Solenites striatus quadrivalvis, seu solenites QUADRELLA dictus. Ex rivulo Merstonensi in
Northamptonia.”. Furthermore, he listed: “Quadrella, 908. T. XI.”. Figure 908 of plate 11 shows what appears
to be a fossil clam but without any scientific or even a vernacular name. Being pre-Linnaean, Lhwyd’s (1699)
name would not have presented a nomenclatural problem, except that his book was reprinted in 1760 as an
“Editio Altera” [= second edition] with William Huddesford as co-author (see MacGregor, 2007). The text on
page 43 and plate 11 relevant to the discussion of Quadrella are identical in the 1699 and 1760 editions.
As Lhywd & Huddesford (1760: 43) describe Quadrella (albeit very briefly) and an illustration was
provided, Quadrella Lhywd & Huddesford, 1760, is an available name and Quadrella Dana, 1851, is

GENERIC NOMENCLATURE OF NINE BRACHYURAN NAMES Zootaxa 2489 © 2010 Magnolia Press · 37
therefore a junior homonym. However, replacing Quadrella Dana, 1851, would cause some nomenclatural
problems as Quadrella Dana, 1851, is a well known genus and also the basis for a valid trapeziid subfamily,
Quadrellinae Stevčič, 2005 (see Ng et al. 2008: 183, 185).
As with the case of Psaumis Kossmann, 1877, earlier, Article 23.9.1 of the Code (ICZN, 1999: 27) allows
for a reversal of precedence of a junior homonym when Articles 23.9.1.1 and 23.9.1.2 are met. As we could
find no valid usage of the name Quadrella Lhywd & Huddesford, 1760, since 1899, the requirements of
Article 23.9.1.1 are fulfilled. In addition, the name Quadrella Dana, 1851, has been used in at least 30 papers,
written by 47 different authors over the past 37 years (see Appendix 2). This fulfills the requirements of
Article 23.9.1.2.
As both requirements of Article 23.9.1 are met, and in accordance with Article 23.9.2, Quadrella Dana,
1851, is here regarded as a valid name and takes precedence over Quadrella Lhywd & Huddesford, 1760.
Quadrella Dana, 1851, now becomes a nomen protectum, and Quadrella Lhywd & Huddesford, 1760, a
nomen oblitum.

Other Nomenclatural Notes

Mithrax Latreille, 1816 (Majidae Samouelle, 1819), not Mithrax Latreille, 1818, or Mithrax Desmarest, 1823

The authorship and year of publication for the majid genus Mithrax has been attributed Pierre André Latreille
(1818: 224) (see Wagner 1990: 5) or Alfred Grandidier Desmarest (1823: 263) (see Ng et al. 2008: 120).
However, Latreille (1816) appears to have been the first to use the name Mithrax in Les Crustacés, les
Arachnides et les Insectes which comprises volume 3 of Cuvier’s Règne Animal. The date of publication for
volume 3 of Cuvier’s Règne Animal is often cited as 1817, but we follow Roux (1976: 31), who determined
that the correct date of publication of volume 3 of Cuvier’s Règne Animal was 2 December 1816.
Latreille (1816: 23) listed: “Les MITHRAX. Leach.” and included a short diagnosis, followed by a
footnote saying “Canc. spinipes, HERBST, XVII, 94 ; ― canc. hispidus, id. XVIII, 100 ; ― canc. aculeatus,
id. XIX, 104.”. This makes Mithrax Latreille, 1816, available.
It is, however, important to note that the way in which Latreille (1816) cites and names the various
brachyuran genera in his work varied, and it may be argued that his usage of “Les MITHRAX” was as a
vernacular name. For most of the genera, e.g., “Les PARTHENOPES. (PARTHENOPE. Fab.)” and “Les
MIGRANES. (CALAPPA. Fab.)” (Latreille 1816: 23), he used a French vernacular name, followed by the
scientific name and the author responsible. However, Latreille (1816) also used names which he ascribed to
Leach, probably resulting from their correspondence. These Leach names were printed in a different format:
“Les THIA, Leach.” (p. 19); “Les IXA. Leach. (p. 20); “Les DOCLEA. Leach.” (p. 22); “Les MITHRAX.
Leach.” (p. 23); and “Les ŒTHRA. Leach.” (p. 24). Neal Evenhuis (pers. comm.) commented that Latreille
(1816) would have used “Les Mithraces. Leach” if he had intended it to be the vernacular form of the name.
Latreille’s (1816: 18) use of two other names: “Les POTAMOPHILES. Latr.” and Les ERIPHIES. Latr.”, both
of which we do not consider to have been made available in this publication, support this premise.
The name Oethra (now emended to Aethra) has been discussed at length by Ng (1999: 110, 111) who
noted that Aethra was first made available in Latreille (1816). Furthermore, following a strict interpretation of
Article 50.1 of the Code (ICZN, 1999: 52), the author of Aethra should not be Leach, but Latreille, who used
the name and first provided a description (see Ng 1994). With regard to the three names (Thia, Ixa and
Doclea) attributed by Latreille (1816) to Leach; they do not present any nomenclatural problems as they had
been published by Leach before Latreille (1816): Doclea in Leach, 1815, while Ixa and Thia were published
by Leach on 24 January 1816 (see discussion on Thia below).
On the basis of the above arguments, Mithrax is nomenclaturally available from 1816 and Latreille is the
author of the name.

38 · Zootaxa 2489 © 2010 Magnolia Press NG & LOW

Naxia Latreille, 1825 (Majidae Samouelle, 1819), not Naxia Desmarest, 1823

Volume 10 of the Historire Naturelle des Insectes etc. section of the Encyclopédie Méthodique by Pierre
André Latreille was published in two parts, the first in 1825, and the second in 1828 (Evenhuis 2003: 36, 48).
Naxia was first used on page 140 (i.e. part 1, and thus published in 1825). This is the authorship and date
usually cited for Naxia. There was in fact an earlier use of the name Naxia by Desmarest (1823: 266, footnote)
who wrote: “M. Leach, dan ses travaux inédits, a formé plusieurs genres voisins de celui des Inachus, sous les
noms de CHARINEUS, de NAXIA, de STENOCIONOPS, etc. Ce dernier comprend le maïa taureau, maia
taurus, de M. de Lamarck, qu’on soupçonne se trouver dans la Méditerranée. Il a la carapace ovale …” [= “In
an unpublished manuscript, Mr. Leach has established several genera related to Inachus, with the names
Charineus, Naxia, Stenocionops, etc. The latter incorporates ‘maïa taureau’ or Maia taurus of Lamarck, and is
thought to originate in the Mediterranean. It has an oval carapace …”]. Stenocionops was thus diagnosed, and
the names Charineus and Naxia in the footnote of Desmarest (1823: 266), must be regarded as nomina nuda.
The authorship and date of the name Naxia therefore remain as Latreille (1825).

Thia Leach, 1816, (Thiidae Dana, 1852), versus Thia Oken, 1815 (Annelida: Polychaeta: Amphinomidae), and
precedence over Thia Newman, 1840 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and Thia Edwards, 1888 (Insecta:
Lepidoptera: Glyphipterigidae)

The name Thia was applied to four different taxa between 1815 and 1888. Lorenz Oken (1815: p. XIII of the
“Register”, 375) first used Thia for a genus of Polychaeta, with Amphinome caruncalata (Pallas, 1766) listed
under it. William Elford Leach (1816: 312) used the name Thia for a genus of Brachyura he described in the
same publication, Thia polita, now assigned to its own family, Thiidae Dana, 1852. Edward Newman (1840:
18) used Thia, for a species of Coleoptera, with a new species, Thia pusilla, as type species. Henry Edwards
(1888: 181) used Thia for a genus of Lepidoptera, with a new species Thia extranea, as type species. The
names Thia Newman, 1840, and Thia Edwards, 1888, are nomenclaturally irrelevant as they are clearly junior
synonyms of Oken’s (1815) and Leach’s (1816) names, and as such, are not discussed further.
The Thia of Leach (1816) is usually cited as published in 1815. However, Harrison & Smith (2008: 556)
determined that Volume 11 (“XI”) of the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (imprint “1815”) was
actually published on 24 January 1816. Thia Leach, 1816, would thus appear to be a junior homonym of Thia
Oken, 1815; causing other problems as Thia Leach, 1816, is also the basis for a valid family, Thiidae,
established by Dana (1852: 119).
Fortunately, a replacement name for Thia Leach, 1816, is unnecessary. Oken’s Lehrbuch der Zoologie,
which makes up the third volume (“Dritter Theil – Zoologie”) of Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschicte (Oken,
1815–1816), was rejected for “nomenclatorial purposes” by the ICZN (1956: 30) due to the inconsistent
application of binomial Latin names. Although some of the names in this volume of the Lehrbuch der
Naturgeschicte have been made available by later rulings of the ICZN (e.g., Opinion 1368 recognizing the
names Pan and Panthera; ICZN 1985), no such application has been made to recognise Thia Oken, 1815.

Acknowledgments

This paper was possible because Tony Rees (Divisional Data Centre, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric
Research, Australia) kindly brought to our attention the problems with most potential homonyms. Sammy De
Grave (University of Oxford) provided copies of several old references. Jose Christopher E. Mendoza, Tan
Siong Kiat, Tan Swee Hee (National University of Singapore) helped with discussions. The librarians at the
National University of Singapore were instrumental in helping us procure much of the original literature. We
are grateful to Neal Evenhuis and Shane Ahyong for their useful suggestions and recommendations.

GENERIC NOMENCLATURE OF NINE BRACHYURAN NAMES Zootaxa 2489 © 2010 Magnolia Press · 39
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Appendix 1

Thirty works using Psaumis Kossmann, 1877, as a valid genus by 51 authors in the past 42 years, to fulfill the
requirements of Article 23.9.1.2 of the Code:

Clavier, J., Newell, P., Garrigue, C., Richer de Forges, B. & Di Matteo, A. (1996) Soft substrate macrobenthos of Fiji’s
Great Astrolabe Reef lagoon. List of taxons, densities and their biomass. In: The Great Astrolabe Reef lagoon (Fiji):
results of the French-Fijian ASTRO Expedition. Notes et Documents Océanographie, 46, 17–46. [p. 20]
Davie, P.J.F. (2002) Crustacea: Malacostraca: Eucarida (Part 2): Decapoda – Anomura, Brachyura. In: Wells, A, &
Houston, W.W.K. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogues of Australia, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia. Volume
19.3B, i–xi + 1–641 pp. [p. 515]
De Grave, S., Pentcheff, N.D. Ahyong, S.T., Chan, T.-Y., Crandall, K.A., Dworschak, P.C., Felder, D.L., Feldmann,
R.M., Fransen, C.H.J.M., Goulding, L.Y.D., Lemaitre, R., Low, M.E.Y., Martin, J.W., Ng, P.K.L., Schweitzer, C.E.,
Tan, S.H., Tshudy, D. & Wetzer, R. (2009). A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans.
Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 21, 1–109. [p. 42]
Dev Roy, M.K. & Nandi, N.C. (2005) Brachyuran Diversity of Coral Reef Ecosystems in India. In: Patterson Edward,
J.K., Murugan, A. & Patterson, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Seminar on Reef Ecosystem Remediation.
SDMRI (Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute) Research Publication No. 9. Tuticorin, India, pp. 220–231.
[pp. 223, 226]
Galil, B.S. & Vannini, M. (1990) Research on the coast of Somalia. Xanthidae, Trapeziidae, Carpiliidae, Menippidae
(Crustacea Brachyura). Tropical Zoology, 3, 21–56. [p. 36]
Garth, J.S., Haig, J. & Knudsen, J.W. (1987) Crustacea Decapoda (Brachyura and Anomura) of Enewetak Atoll. In:
Devaney, D.M., Reese, E.S., Burch, B.L. & Helfrich, P. (Eds.), The Natural History of Enewetak Atoll. Volume II,
Biogeography and Systematics. DOE/EV/00703-T1-VOL. 2 (DE8700611). United States Department of Energy,
Office of Scientific and Technical Information, Oak Ridge, pp. 235–261 [= text] + 1–3 [= Authors’ note]. [Authors’
note p. 2]
Guinot, D. (1969) Sur divers Xanthidae, notamment sur Actaea de Haan et Paractaea gen. nov. (Crustacea Decapoda
Brachyura). Cahiers du Pacifique, 13, 223–267. [p. 230]
Guinot, D. (1979) Données nouvelles sur la morphologie, la phylogenèse et la taxonomie des Crustacés Décapodes
Brachyoures. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Nouvelle Série, Sèries A, Zoologie, 112, 3–354.
[p. 96, 141]
Guinot, D. (1985) Crustacea. In: Richard, G. (Ed.), French Polynesia Coral Reefs, Fauna and Flora. A First
Compendium of French Polynesian Sea-Dwellers. Proceedings of the Fifth International Coral Reef Congress,
Tahiti, 27 May – 1 June 1985, Volume 1, 446–455. [p. 451]
Ho, P.-H., Yu, H.-P. & Ng, P.K.L. (2000) New records of Eriphiidae, Pilumnidae and Xanthidae (Crustacea: Decapoda:
Brachyura) from Taiwan. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 48(1): 111–122. [p. 113]
Hylleberg. J. (2006) Biodiversity and environmental indicators, Chalong Bay. Coastal Habitat Resources Management
Project (CHARM), THA/RELEX/2000/05, 1–81 pp. [p. 31]
Juncker, M. & Poupin, J. (2009) Crustacés de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Décapodes & Stomatopodes): Illustration des
espèces communes et liste documentée des espèces terrestres et des récifs. Rapport Scientifique du CRISP (Coral
Reef Initiatives for the Pacfic Initiatives Corail pour le Pacifique), New Caledonia, 1–78 pp. [p. 71]
Monteforte, M. (1987) The decapod Reptantia and stomatopod crustaceans of a typical high island coral reed complex in
French Polynesia (Tiahura, Moorea Island): Zonation, community composition and trophic structure. Atoll Research
Bulletin, 309, 1–37. [pp. 9, 16]
Morgan, G.J. (1994) Decapod crustaceans of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin, 414, 1–11. [p. 8]
Naiyanetr P. (2007) Checklist of Crustaceans Fauna in Thailand (Decapoda, Stomatopoda, Anostraca, Myodocopa and
Isopoda). Second Edition. Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Thailand,
1–196 pp. [p. 101]
Neumann, V. & Spiridonov, V.A. (1999) Shallow water crabs from the Western Indian Ocean: Portunoidea and
Xanthoidea excluding Pilumnidae (Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura). Tropical Zoology, 12, 9–66. [pp. 52, 53]
Ng, P.K.L. & Davie, P. (2002) A checklist of the brachyuran crabs of Phuket and western Thailand. Phuket Marine
Biological Center Special Publication, 23(2), 369–384. [p. 375]
Ng, P.K.L., Guinot, D. & Davie, P.J.F. (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant
brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17, 1–286. [p. 196]
Ng, P.K.L. & Richer de Forges, B. (2007) The Brachyura of New Caledonia. In: Payri, C.E. & Richer de Forges, B.
(Eds.), Compendium of marine species of New Caledonia. Documents Scientifiques et Techniques, Special Volume
II7, Second Edition, IRD (Institute de recherche pour le développement), Noumea, New Caledonia, pp. 315–331. [p.

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 331]
Ng, P.K.L., Wang, C.-H., Ho, P.-H. & Shih, H.-T. (2001) An annotated checklist of brachyuran crabs from Taiwan
(Crustacea: Decapoda). National Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series. National Taiwan Museum, Taipei,
Taiwan, R.O.C., Number 11, I–IV + 1–86 pp. [p. 26]
Odinetz, O. (1983) Écologie et structure des peuplements de crustacés décapodes associés aux coraux du genre
Pocillopora en Polynésie Française et en Micronésie. Thèse de 3ème cycle. Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris
VI, 1–221 pp. [p. 209]
Odinetz-Collart, O. & Richer de Forges, B. (1985) Ecologie des crustacés décapodes associés aux Pocillopora en
Polynésie et à Guam (Micronésie). In: Richard, G. (Ed.), French Polynesia coral reefs, fauna and flora. A first
compendium of French Polynesian sea-dwellers. Proceedings of the Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti,
27 May–1 June 1985, Volume 5, 197–203. [p. 201]
Okutani, T. (Ed.) (1997) [= Life on Coral Reefs]. Yama-Kei Publishers Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, 1–308 pp. [In Japanese]
[p. 207]
Paulay, G., Kropp, R., Ng, P.K.L. & Eldredge, L.G. (2003) The crustaceans and pycnogonids of the Mariana Islands.
Micronesica, 35–36, 456–513. [p. 506]
Peyrot-Clausade, M. (1989) Crab cryptofauna (Brachyura and Anomura) of Tikehau, Tuamotu Archipelago, French
Polynesia. Coral Reefs, 8, 109–117. [pp. 111, 113]
Poupin, J. (1996) Crustacea Decapoda of French Polynesia (Astacidea, Palinuridea, Anomura, Brachyura). Atoll
Research Bulletin, 442, 1–114. [p. 44]
Poupin, J. (2005) Systématique et ecologie des Crustacés Décapodes et Stomatopodes de Polynésie Française. Institut de
Recherche de l’Ècole Navale. Degree: Habilitation. Université de Perpignan, 1–125 pp. [Published thesis] [pp. 34,
54, 59]
Poupin, J. (2008) Crustacés de l’île de la Réunion (Décapodes & Stomatopodes). Rapport scientifique préliminaire de
l’Institut de Recherche de l’Ecole Navale, 1–85 pp. [p. 81]
Serène, R. (1984) Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l’Océan Indien Occidental et de la Mer Rouge, Xanthoidea:
Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpiliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale, 24, 1–
400 + 1–243. [p. 129]
Takeda, M. (1989) Shallow-water Crabs from the Oshima Passage between Amami-Oshima and Kakeroma-jima Islands,
the Northern Ryukyu Islands. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, 22, 135–184. [p. 166]

44 · Zootaxa 2489 © 2010 Magnolia Press NG & LOW

Appendix 2

Thirty works using Quadrella Dana, 1851, as a valid genus by 47 authors in the past 37 years, to fulfill the
requirements of Article 23.9.1.2 of the Code:

Asakura, A. (2009) The evolution of mating systems in decapod crustaceans. In: Martin, J.W., Crandall, K.A. & Felder,
D.L. (Eds.), Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics. Crustacean Issues. Koenemann, S. (Series Ed.), Volume 18. CRC
Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York, pp. 121–182. [p. 155]
Boschi, E.E. (2000) Species of decapod crustaceans and their distribution in the American marine zoogeographic
provinces. Revista de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, 13, 1–136. [p. 123]
Castro, P. (1999) The Trapeziidae (Crustacea: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) of Indonesia. Results of the Rumphius
Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Part 7. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 73(3), 27–61. [pp. 27–30,
32–39, 56, 57]
Castro, P. (1997) Trapeziid crabs (Brachyura: Xanthoidea: Trapeziidae) of French Polynesia. In: Richer de Forges, B.
(Ed.), Les fonds meubles des lagons de Nouvelle-Calédonie (sédimentologie, benthos). ORSTOM Editions, Paris.
Volume 3, 109–139. [pp. 109–111, 132]
Castro, P. (2002) New records of trapeziid crabs (Xanthoidea, Trapeziidae) from the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand,
with notes on the taxonomic status of Trapezia plana Ward. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication,
23(2), 361–368. [pp. 361–363, 365]
Castro, P. (2005) A new species of Hexagonalia (Crustacea: Brachyura: Trapeziidea) from the Solomon Islands.
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 118(3), 539–542. [pp. 539, 541]
Castro, P., Ng, P.K.L. & Ahyong, S.T. (2004) Phylogeny and systematics of the Trapeziidae Miers, 1886 (Crustacea:
Brachyura), with description of a new family. Zootaxa, 643, 1–70. [pp. 4–7, 10, 14, 24, 33, 34, 38, 55, 56]
Chu, K.H., Tsang, L.M., Ma, K.Y., Chan, T.Y. & Ng, P.K.L. (2009) Decapod phylogeny: what can protein-coding genes
tell us? In: Martin, J.W., Crandall, K.A. & Felder, D.L. (Eds.), Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics. Crustacean
Issues. Koenemann, S. (Series Ed.), Volume 18. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New
York, pp. 89–99. [p. 96]
Clark, P.F. & Ng, P.K.L. (2006) First stage zoeas of Quadrella Dana, 1851 [Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura:
Xanthoidea: Trapeziidae] and their affinities with those of Tetralia Dana, 1851, and Trapezia Latreille, 1828.
Hydrobiologia, 560, 267–294. [pp. 268, 269–279, 289–292]
Dev Roy, M.K. & Nandi, N.C. (2005) Brachyuran Diversity of Coral Reef Ecosystems in India. In: Patterson Edward,
J.K., Murugan, A. & Patterson, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Seminar on Reef Ecosystem Remediation.
SDMRI (Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute) Research Publication No. 9. Tuticorin, India, pp. 220–231.
[pp. 221, 224, 225, 228]
Felder, D.L., Martin, J.W. & Goy, J.W. (1985) Patterns in early postlarval develpment of decapods. In: Wenner, A.M.
(Ed.), Larval Growth. Crustacean Issues. Schram, F. (Series Ed.), Volume 2. Balkema Press, Rotterdam. 163–225
pp. [p. 205]
Galil, B.S. (1986) Quadrella (Brachyura: Xanthoidea: Trapeziidae) – Review and Revision. Journal of Crustacean
Biology, 6(2), 275–293. [pp. 275–291]
Galil, B.S. & Clark, P.F. (1990) Crustacea Decapoda: Notes on trapeziid crabs from New Caledonia including
descriptions of two new species. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Résultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM, Volume 6.
Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sèries A, Zoologie, 145, 369–388. [pp. 369, 370, 372, 375]
Galil, B.S. & Takeda, M. (1985) Crabs of the Genus Quadrella (Crustacea, Decapoda, Trapeziidae) from Japanese
Waters. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A (Zoology), 11(4), 197–207. [pp. 197–206]
De Grave, S., Pentcheff, N.D. Ahyong, S.T., Chan, T.-Y., Crandall, K.A., Dworschak, P.C., Felder, D.L., Feldmann,
R.M., Fransen, C.H.J.M., Goulding, L.Y.D., Lemaitre, R., Low, M.E.Y., Martin, J.W., Ng, P.K.L., Schweitzer, C.E.,
Tan, S.H., Tshudy, D. & Wetzer, R. (2009). A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans.
Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 21, 1–109. [p. 41]
Guinot, D. (1979) Données nouvelles sur la morphologie, la phylogenèse et la taxonomie des Crustacés Décapodes
Brachyoures. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Nouvelle Série, Série A, Zoologie, 112, 3–354.
[pp. 96, 143]
Hendrickx, M.E. (1993a) Crustáceos decápodos bentónicos del sur de Sinaloa, México. Anales del Instituto de Biología,
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoología, 64(1), 1–16. [p. 10]
Hendrickx, M.E. (1993b) Crustáceos decápodos del Pacífico mexicano. In: Salazar-Vallejo, S.I. & González, N.E. (Eds.),
Biodiversidad Marina y Costera de Mexico. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Aprovechamiento de la
Biodiversidad & Centro de Investigaciones de Quuitana Roo, Chetumal, pp. 271–318. [p. 314]
Juncker, M. & Poupin, J. (2009) Crustacés de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Décapodes & Stomatopodes): Illustration des
espèces communes et liste documentée des espèces terrestres et des récifs. Rapport Scientifique du CRISP (Coral

GENERIC NOMENCLATURE OF NINE BRACHYURAN NAMES Zootaxa 2489 © 2010 Magnolia Press · 45
 Reef Initiatives for the Pacfic Initiatives Corail pour le Pacifique), New Caledonia, 1–78 pp. [p. 63]
Martin, J.W. (1988) Phylogenetic significance of the brachyuran megalopa: evidence from the Xanthidae. In: Aspects of
decapod crustacean biology, A.A. Fincham & P.S. Rainbow (Eds.). Symposia of the Zoological Society of London,
59, 69–102. [p. 91]
Naderloo, R. & Sari, A. (2005) New Record of Trapeziid Crab, Quadrella reticulata Alcock, 1989 [sic] (Brachyura:
Trapeziidae) from the Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics, 1(1), 67–73. [pp. 67, 68, 72, 73]
Naderloo, R. & Sari, A. (2007) Subtidal crabs of the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf: New collections and
biogeographic considerations. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 10(3), 341–349. [pp. 343, 345, 348]
Neumann, V. & Spiridonov, V.A. (1999) Shallow water crabs from the Western Indian Ocean: Portunoidea and
Xanthoidea excluding Pilumnidae (Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura). Tropical Zoology, 12, 9–66. [pp. 45, 51, 53]
Ng, P.K.L., Guinot, D. & Davie, P.J.F. (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant
brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17, 1–286. [pp. 183, 185]
Ng, P.K.L. & Richer de Forges, B. (2007) The Brachyura of New Caledonia. In: Payri, C.E. & Richer de Forges, B.
(Eds.), Compendium of marine species of New Caledonia. Documents Scientifiques et Techniques, Special Volume
II7, Second Edition, IRD (Institute de recherche pour le développement), Noumea, New Caledonia, pp. 315–331. [p.
329]
Poore, G.C.B., McCallum, A.W. & Taylor, J. (2008) Decapod Crustacea of the continental margin of southwestern and
central Western Australia: preliminary identifications of 524 species from FRV Southern Surveyor voyage SS10-
2005. Museum Victoria Science Reports, 11, 1–106. [pp. 9, 73]
Poupin, J. (1996) Crustacea Decapoda of French Polynesia (Astacidea, Palinuridea, Anomura, Brachyura). Atoll
Research Bulletin, 442, 1–114. [pp. 1, 57, 76]
Poupin, J. (2008) Crustacés de l’île de la Réunion (Décapodes & Stomatopodes). Rapport scientifique préliminaire de
l’Institut de Recherche de l’Ecole Navale, 1–85 pp. [pp. 36, 38, 78]
Serène, R. (1973) Observations sur les espéces des genres Quadrella Dana 1851 et Sphenomerides Rathbun 1898
(Decapoda-Brachyura). Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 98(1): 191–209. [pp. 191–207]
Števčić, Z. (2005) The reclassification of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Natura Croatica,
14(Supplement 1), 1–159. [p. 41]

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