Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Consumer Behaviour
Consumer Behavior is the study of when, why, how
and where people do or do not buy a product. It
basically depends on the psychology of the
consumer. It attempts to understand the buyer
decision making process both individually & in
groups. It studies the individual consumers such as
demographics & behavioural aspects to understand
the people’s wants.
In the study of Consumer Behaviour main focus is
the customer satisfaction because customer is the
only person with whose presence businesses
actually exists
Types of consumer
Consumer
Ultimate
Buyer Customer
Consumer
Institutional
Buyer
Consumer: According to International Dictionary of
Management “Consumer is a purchaser of goods
and services for immediate use or consumption”.
Buyer: He is the person who purchase goods either
for resale or for use in production or for use of
somebody else.
Customer: He is the one who purchases goods for
his own use or for the use of others or else he is
regular customer of a particular product and he is a
regular customer of particular shop.
Institutional buyer: These are either govt. institutions
or private organizations.
Characteristics of consumer behaviour
Dissonance
Complex Variety seeking
Reducing
Habitual
Buying Motives
2. Rational Motives
Monetary gain
Efficiency in operation
Dependability
C. Inherent & Learned motives
1. Inherent motives are those which come from
physiological & basic needs such as hunger,
thirst, sleep etc. If these motives are not
satisfied then consumer feels dissatisfied and
feels mental tension.
2. Learned motives are those which are learned
or acquired by a person from environment and
education like social status, acceptance, fear,
security etc.
D. Physiological & Social buying
Motives
PROBLEM
RECOGNITION/ IDENTIFICATION OF
Recognition of ALTERNATIVE/
unsatisfied INFORMATION
need SEARCH
EVALUATION OF
ALTERNATIVES
PURCHASE
POSTPURCHASE
EVALUATION/
BEHAVIORS
Factors influencing consumer
behaviour
A. Advantages to firms
Increase in sales volume.
Helps to prepare effective marketing plans.
Enables to take decisions
Helps to understands needs of consumers.
Helps to win competition.
Makes best use of resources.
Achieve marketing goals
Specialized marketing
Creates innovations
Higher market share.
B. Advantages to Consumers
Customer oriented
Quality products at reasonable prices
Other benefits (discounts, buy 1 get 1 free
offer, customers become the winner)
Reasons for development of market
segmentation
Demographic
variables
Behavioral Geographic
variables variables
Psychographic
variable
Geographical Segmentation
In this type of segmentation market is divided into different
geographical units like:
Regions (by country, nation, state, neighborhood)
Population Density (Urban, suburban, rural)
City size (Size of area, population size and growth rate)
Climate (Regions having similar climate pattern)
A company, either serving a few or all geographic segments,
needs to put attention on variability of geographic needs and
wants.
After segmenting consumer market on geographic bases,
companies localize their marketing efforts (product, advertising,
promotion and sales efforts)
Demographic Segmentation
In , market is divided into small segments based on demographic
variables like:
Age
Gender
Income
Occupation
Education
Family size
Family life cycle
Religion
Demographic factors are most important factors for segmenting the
customers groups. Consumer needs, wants, usage rate these all
depend upon demographic variables. So, considering demographic
factors, while defining marketing strategy, is crucial.
Psychographic Segmentation
In this type of segmentation, segments are defined on the basis
of social class, lifestyle and personality characteristics.
Psychographic variables include:
Interests
Opinions
Personality
Self Image
Activities
Values
Attitudes
A segment having demographically grouped consumers may
have different psychographic characteristics.
Behavioral Segmentation