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lesson14et438a.pptx
LESSON 14: TRANSFER
FUNCTIONS OF DC MOTORS
1 ET 438a Automatic Control Systems Technology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After this presentation you will be able to:
lesson14et438a.pptx
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STEADY-STATE OPERATION OF
SEPARATELY EXCITED DC MOTORS
Consider steady-state model
lesson14et438a.pptx
ia = armature current
eb= back emf
ea= armature terminal voltage wm
wm = motor speed (rad/sec)
T = motor torque
Tf = static friction torque
Ra = armature resistance
La = armature inductance
Jm = rotational inertia
Bm = viscous friction
Review the steady-state relationships
3
Of machine
STEADY-STATE OPERATION OF
SEPARATELY EXCITED DC MOTORS
Relationships of Separately Excited Dc Motor
T
lesson14et438a.pptx
KT=DT/Dia eb KT=DT/Dia
DT DT
Dia Dia
ia wm
-Tf
wm
wm=wnl – (Dwm/DT)T
Speed-Torque Curve wnl
Dwm
DT
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T
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T = K T i a Tf N - m ea = i a R a e b V
lesson14et438a.pptx
KT = torque constant eb = back emf
Tf = motor friction torque Ra = armature resistance
ia = armature current
K T ea (T Tf ) R a ea i a R a
wm = (1) wm = (2)
KT Ke Ke
lesson14et438a.pptx
If the load torque is zero (T=0) then the above equation (1) gives the
no-load speed
K T e a (Tf ) R a
wnl =
KT Ke
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lesson14et438a.pptx
maximum current of 2 A. Find: a) maximum output torque, b)
maximum mechanical output power, c) maximum armature
voltage, d) no-load speed at maximum armature voltage.
Answer
b) Find Pmax
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Answer
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lesson14et438a.pptx
Answer
T=0
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Consider ea(t) and eb(t) as inputs and ia(t) as output. Write KVL
around armature
di a ( t )
ea ( t ) = R a i a ( t ) L e b ( t )
dt
dwm ( t )
Mechanical Dynamics T( t ) =J m Bm wm ( t ) 10
dt
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lesson14et438a.pptx
Find the transfer function between armature voltage and motor speed
m (s)
=?
E a (s)
dwm ( t )
T( t ) =J m Bm wm ( t )
dt
Ts = J m s Bm m s m s = Ts
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m
J s B m
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lesson14et438a.pptx
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ARMATURE-
CONTROLLED DC MOTOR
Draw block diagram from the following equations
E a (s) E b (s)
1
I a (s) = T(s) = K T Ia (s) m s = 1
Ts
L s R a m
J s B m
T(s)
Ea(s) Ia(s) m(s)
+- 1/(Las+Ra) KT 1/(Jms+Bm)
Eb(s)
Ke
E b (s) = K E m (s)
Note: The dc motor has an inherent feedback
from the CEMF. This can improve system stability 13
by adding a electromechanical damping
m s Gs
=
E a (s) 1 Gs Hs
lesson14et438a.pptx
H(s) = K E
1/(Las+Ra) KT 1/(Jms+Bm)
Gs = K T
1 1 KT
=
La s R a J m s Bm La s R a J m s Bm
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lesson14et438a.pptx
1 KE
aL s R a J m s B
m H(s)
d( t )
= w( t )
dt
d( t )
dt dt = w(t ) dt = (t )
To find the motor shaft position with respect to armature voltage,
reduce the following block diagram
Ia(s) T(s)
Ea(s) m(s) Qm(s)
+- 1/(Las+Ra) KT 1/(Jms+Bm) 1/s
Eb(s)
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Ke
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lesson14et438a.pptx
s
Q m (s) 1 KT
=
E a (s) s L m J m s 2 L a Bm R a J m s K T K E R a Bm
Q m (s) KT
=
E a (s) s (L m J m s 2 L a Bm R a J m s K T K E R a Bm )
Q m (s) KT
=
E a (s) L m J m s 3 L a Bm R a J m s 2 K T K E R a Bm s T.F.
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Jm La
= m and = e
Bm Ra
lesson14et438a.pptx
m (s) Ks
=
E a (s) 1 s s
KT R a Jm
Where K s = and s =
K T K E R a Bm K T K E R a Bm
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lesson14et438a.pptx
gear with N1 teeth. Load connected to larger gear with N2 teeth.
N
wL = 1 wm rad/sec N1 N 2
N2
N
TL = 2 Tm N - m N1 N 2
N1
BT = B m B L N - m - s/rad
lesson14et438a.pptx
JT = Jm JL N - m - s 2 / rad
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Ia(s) T(s)
Ea(s) m(s) L(s)
+- 1/(Las+Ra) KT 1/(JTs+BT) N1/N2
lesson14et438a.pptx
Eb(s)
Ke
Inertia and
friction of
Transfer function with speed changer load included
N
KT 1
m s N2
=
E a (s) L a J m s (R a J m Bm L a ) s (K T K E R a Bm )
2
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Eb(s) L(s)
Ke
N
KT 1
Q L s N2
=
E a (s) L a J m s (R a J m Bm L a ) s 2 (K T K E R a Bm ) s
3
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lesson14et438a.pptx
Maximum armature current = 2.0 A
Voltage constant (Ke) = 0.06 V-s/rad
Torque constant (KT) = 0.06 N-m/A
Friction torque = 0.012 N-m
Armature resistance = 1.2 ohms
Armature inductance = 0.020 H
Armature inertia = 6.2x10-4 N-m-s2/rad
Armature viscous friction = 1x10-4 N-m-s/rad
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lesson14et438a.pptx
Can normalize constant by dividing numerator and denominator by 0.00372
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