MB: Citizenship in the Nation

Preamble of the 1987 Constitution

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a
just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and
aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of
law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and
promulgate this Constitution.

What is the 1987 Constitution?

A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that
collectively constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity, and
commonly determine how that entity is to be governed

18 Articles of the Constitution and describe

 ARTICLE I National Territory

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are
endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood.

 ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration,
without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or
other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no
distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international
status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent,
trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

 ARTICLE III Bill of Rights

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

 ARTICLE IV Citizenship
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms.

 ARTICLE V Suffrage
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or punishment.

 ARTICLE VI Legislative Department

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

 ARTICLE VII Executive Department

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal
protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in
violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
 ARTICLE VIII Judicial Department
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national
tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by
law.

 ARTICLE IX Constitutional Commissions

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

 ARTICLE X Local Government

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations
and of any criminal charge against him

 ARTICLE XI Accountability of Public Officers

(1)Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent
until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the
guarantees necessary for his defence.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or
omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law,
at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the
one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

 ARTICLE XII National Economy and Patrimony

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home
or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the
right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

 ARTICLE XIII Social Justice and Human Rights

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the
borders of each State.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return
to his country.

 ARTICLE XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
persecution.
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising
from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the
United Nations.

 ARTICLE XV The Family

(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to
change his nationality
  ARTICLE XVI General Provisions

(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or
religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights
as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.

(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the
intending spouses.

(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled
to protection by society and the State.

 ARTICLE XVII Amendments or Revisions

(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with
others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his propert

 ARTICLE XVIII Transitory Provisions

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in
community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in
teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Three main divisions of the Philippine Government ( with chart)

 The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them through the
power vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is divided into the Senate and
the House of Representatives.
 The Executive branch carries out laws. It is composed of the President and the Vice
President who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years. The
Constitution grants the President authority to appoint his Cabinet.
 The Judicial branch evaluates laws. It holds the power to settle controversies involving
rights that are legally demandable and enforceable. This branch determines whether or
not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of
jurisdiction on the part and instrumentality of the government. It is made up of a
Supreme Court and lower courts.
LATEST Cabinet Officials of the Congress of the Philippines

LATEST City/Municipality Officials

Hon. Angel Alan B. Celino- City Mayor

Hon. Erwin B. Sicad- City Vice Mayor

Hon. Powell A. Del Rosario- Member Sangguniang Panlungsod

Hon. Trina Marie Almalbis Ignacio- Member Sangguniang Panlungsod

Hon. Cezar Yap, Jr.- Member Sangguniang Panlungsod

Hon. Matthew James A. Viterbo- Member Sangguniang Panlungsod

Hon. Jeniffer Ann T. Anisco- Member Sangguniang Panlungsod

Hon. Erlynne B. Lim- Member Sangguniang Panlungsod

Hon. Albert Gregory Y. Potato – Member Sangguniang Panlungsod

Hon. Jon Calinao Sumcad – Member Sangguniang Panlungsod

Hon. Cora Balgos Tiangco– Member Sangguniang Panlungsod

Hon. Julius L. Abela– Member Sangguniang Panlungsod

MB: Weather
Define Weather and Climate
Weather is the combination of the current meteorological components, e.g.
temperature, wind direction and speed, amount and type of precipitation, sun shine hours, etc.
The weather is defining a short time period up to several days.

The climate is describing the long term (min 30 years) and average weather conditions
for a specific region. Examples: maritime climate, cold-dry desert climate, tropical climate.
Global climate classification maps highlight the high variety of climates. The climate is
composed of different components and factors (see the following learning pages).

Water Cycle

The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes
the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of
water on Earth remains fairly constant over time but the partitioning of the water into the
major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, saline water and atmospheric water is variable depending
on a wide range of climatic variables. The water moves from one reservoir to another, such as
from river to ocean, or from the ocean to the atmosphere, by the physical processes of
evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, surface runoff, and subsurface flow. In
doing so, the water goes through different forms: liquid, solid (ice) and vapor.

Define Clouds
Cloud is an aerosol consisting of a visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals,
or other particles suspended in the atmosphere of a planetary body.[1] Water or various other
chemicals may compose the droplets and crystals. On Earth, clouds are formed as a result of
saturation of the air when it is cooled to its dew point, or when it gains sufficient moisture
(usually in the form of water vapor) from an adjacent source to raise the dew point to the
ambient temperature. They are seen in the Earth's homosphere (which includes the
troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere). Nephology is the science of clouds, which is
undertaken in the cloud physics branch of meteorology.
 Different Types of Clouds

 The highest clouds in the atmosphere are cirrocumulus, cirrus,

and cirrostratus. Cumulonimbus clouds can also grow to be very high.
 Mid-level clouds include altocumulus and altostratus.
 The lowest clouds in the atmosphere are stratus, cumulus, and stratocumulus.
MB: Soil and Water Conservation
Define Soil
Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together
support life. Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a
medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier
of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.

Different Types of Soil

 Sandy soil – are light, warm, dry and tend to be acidic and low in nutrients. Sandy soils
are often known as light soils due to their high proportion of sand and little clay (clay
weighs more than sand). These soils have quick water drainage and are easy to work
with. They are quicker to warm up in spring than clay soils but tend to dry out in
summer and suffer from low nutrients that are washed away by rain. The addition of
organic matter can help give plants an additional boost of nutrients by improving the
nutrient and water holding capacity of the soil.
 Clay soil – are heavy soils that benefit from high nutrients. Clay soils remain wet and
cold in winter and dry out in summer. These soils are made of over 25 percent clay, and
because of the spaces found between clay particles, clay soils hold a high amount of
water. Because these soils drain slowly and take longer to warm up in summer,
combined with drying out and cracking in summer, they can often test gardeners.
 Silt soil – are light and moisture retentive soils with a high fertility rating. As silt soils
compromise of medium sized particles they are well drained and hold moisture well. As
the particles are fine, they can be easily compacted and are prone to washing away with
rain. By adding organic matter, the silt particles can be bound into more stable clumps.
 Peat soil – are high in organic matter and retain a large amount of moisture. This type of
soil is very rarely found in a garden and often imported into a garden to provide an
optimum soil base for planting.
 Chalk soil – can be either light or heavy but always highly alkaline due to the calcium
carbonate or lime within its structure. As these soils are alkaline they will not support
the growth of ericaceous plants that require acidic soils to grow. If a chalky soil shows
signs of visible white lumps then they can’t be acidified and gardeners should be
resigned to only choose plants that prefer an alkaline soil.
 Loam soil – are a mixture of sand, silt and clay that are combined to avoid the negative
effects of each type. These soils are fertile, easy to work with and provide good
drainage. Depending on their predominant composition they can be either sandy or clay
loam. As the soils are a perfect balance of soil particles, they are considered to be a
gardeners best friend, but still benefit from topping up with additional organic matter.

Ways to Conserve Soil, Water, and water bodies.

Ways to conserve Soil

1. maintain and improve local farm production of food and guarantee livelihoods.
Current practices in farming and livestock management unfortunately are themselves the main
causes of soil erosion and must be addressed to make soil productive again.

2.Use Terrace Farming This type of farming uses the topography of the land to slow
water flow through a series of terraces. This manipulation of the water flow prevents it from
gathering speed and washing soil away from farmlands.
 3.Practice Contour Farming Contour farming replicates the effects of terrace farming,
but on a smaller scale. Rather than planting crops in straight vertical rows, crops are planted
following the contour of the landscape. Crops planted up and down hillsides create pathways
for water to flow. Crops planted parallel to the land slow the flow of water that prevents soil
erosion.

Ways to conserve Water

1. Shower Bucket. Instead of letting the water pour down the drain, stick a bucket under
the faucet while you wait for your shower water to heat up. You can use the water for flushing
the toilet or watering your plants.

2. Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. Water comes out of the average faucet at
2.5 gallons per minute. Don’t let all that water go down the drain while you brush! Turn off the
faucet after you wet your brush, and leave it off until it’s time to rinse.

3. Turn off the tap while washing your hands. Do you need the water to run while you’re
scrubbing your hands? Save a few gallons of water and turn the faucet off after you wet your
hands until you need to rinse.

4. If it’s yellow, let it mellow. This tip might not be for everyone, but the toilet is one of
the most water-intensive fixtures in the house. Do you need to flush every time?

5. Fix your leaks. Whether you go DIY or hire a plumber, fixing leaky faucets can mean
big water savings

Ways to conserve Water Bodies

1. Do Not Litter near a water body such as a lake, river or sea.

2. Plant trees in catchment areas of rivers and also on banks.
3. Trees not only check soil erosion but also retain soil moisture and feed rivers to
keep them flowing.
4. Do not block/ stop natural drains by constructing on drains or dumping wastes.
5. Stop Chemical Pollution. If you notice someone throwing chemicals into the river
or lake, or hear about such an incident inform your local authorities about the matter. Give
them a feed back insisting on a speedy action. Your silence may aggravate the situation.
6. Industrial waste must be treated before discharge into the river.
7. Industries on the banks of the rivers should be persuaded to reduce/ reuse/
recycle of treat wastewater.
8. Following religious ceremonies on the river bank prevent left over from sliding
into the rivers.
9. Convert the river banks into pleasant and clean areas for recreation and walks.
Planting appropriate shrubs and trees on the river banks would enhance the environment.
MB: Swimming
Define Swimming
Swimming is an individual or team sport that requires the use of one's entire body to
move through water. The sport takes place in pools or open water (e.g., in a sea or lake).
Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports, with varied distance events
in butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley. In addition to these
individual events, four swimmers can take part in either a freestyle or medley relay. A medley
relay consists of four swimmers who will each swim a different stroke. The order for a medley
relay is: backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and freestyle. Swimming each stroke requires a set
of specific techniques; in competition, there are distinct regulations concerning the acceptable
form for each individual stroke.There are also regulations on what types of swimsuits, caps,
jewelry and injury tape that are allowed at competitions. Although it is possible for competitive
swimmers to incur several injuries from the sport, such as tendinitis in the shoulders or knees,
there are also multiple health benefits associated with the sport.

Different Types of Stroke

 Front Crawl/Freestyle Stroke

 Breaststroke
 Butterfly Stroke
 Backstroke
 Sidestroke
 Elementary Backstroke
 The Combat Side Stroke / Combat Swimmer Stroke
 The Trudgen / Trudgeon Stroke

MB: Physical Fitness
Define Physical Fitness
Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to
perform aspects of sports, occupations and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved
through proper nutrition, moderate-vigorous physical exercise, and sufficient rest.

Define BMI
The BMI is an attempt to quantify the amount of tissue mass (muscle, fat, and bone) in
an individual, and then categorize that person as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or
obese based on that value. That categorization is the subject of some debate about where on
the BMI scale the dividing lines between categories should be placed. Commonly accepted BMI
ranges are underweight: under 18.5 kg/m2, normal weight: 18.5 to 25, overweight: 25 to 30,
obese: over 30.[citation needed] People of Asian descent have different associations between
BMI, percentage of body fat, and health risks than those of European descent, with a higher risk
of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at BMIs lower than the
WHO cut-off point for overweight, 25 kg/m2, although the cut-off for observed risk varies
among different Asian populations.

Compute your BMI

Exercises

 Running
 Biking
 Walking
 Jogging

(Optional: Documentation of you performing exercises/taking care of your

health)