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Brochure overview
A potentially explosive area is defined as a location in which gases,
vapors, mist or dust mixed with air may form a flammable mixture.
The electrical equipment installed in such locations must be designed
and tested in such way that it does not cause arcing or high
temperatures which would provide a source of ignition for such a mix.
International IECEx System Products with the IECEx conformity mark have received the
IECEx System (http://www.iecex.com/) – from the IECEx Certificate of Conformity, which confirms the product has
International Electrotechnical Commission, is a voluntary the appropriate protection for use in explosive atmospheres and
certification system that verifies compliance with IEC that it has been manufactured under a system subject to ongoing
standards related to safety in explosive atmospheres. surveillance by Certification Bodies. The marking also indicates
The IECEx System covers four main areas: that the product can be supplied to the market without the need
for additional testing. The exception is increased safety (EX e)
−− Certification of service facilities motor protection type, which must always be tested with the drive
−− IECEx equipment certification it is used with.
−− Ex marking conformity
−− Certification of Personnel Competencies European Directives
Commonly referred to as ATEX, from the French
IECEx Conformity Mark System “ATmosphères EXplosibles”, the European Directives is a
In order for equipment to receive a conformity “Ex” marking combination of two EU directives: the Worker Protection
under the IECEx System, it must obtain a certificate of Directive 1999/92/EC and the Product Directive 2014/34/
conformity. To obtain a certificate of conformity, there EU. This provides guidelines similar to the IECEx System,
must be: with a few exceptions, and without the certification of
service facilities and certification of personnel competencies.
− − An accepted IECEx Quality Assessment Report (QAR) Compliance with the “Essential Health and Safety
− − An accepted IECEx Test Report for type testing (ExTR) Requirements” described in the directives is mandatory within
the European Union countries. The easiest way to show
compliance is to follow harmonized standards.
CEC, CSA
NEC, CSA/US/UL
Inmetro
SABS
ATEX
CU-TR
JIS
Korean Standard
CNEX
ITRI
CCoE
ANZEx
IECEx (worldwide)
Gas classification
Ignition temp. of Max. permitted temp. of
Temp. class Gas examples
gas/vapor °C equipment °C
T1 > 450 450 Hydrogen
T2 > 300 < 450 300 Ethanol
T3 > 200 < 300 200 Hydrogen sulfide
T4 > 135 < 200 135 Diethyl ether
T5 > 100 < 135 100 -
T6 > 85 < 100 85 Carbon disulfide
Gas subdivision
IIA ~120 gases and vapors, eg, butane/petroleum/propane
IIB ~30 gases and vapors, eg, ethylene/dimethyl ether/coke oven gas
Zones EHSRs
Risk analysis Product requirements
The manufacturer is responsible for product safety and for delivering installation and maintenance instructions. The Product Directive guides the
manufacturer to prepare product classification and to certify the product and production.
The end user is responsible for ensuring that the product is installed, maintained and operated in such a way that it does not pose any risk of explosion.
The Worker Protection Directive guides the end user to use certified products and to prepare risk analysis, safety instructions, training and procedures
for operation and maintenance.
Zones
Within industries, all potentially explosive atmospheres are the responsibility of the owner of the site where the potentially
required to have an area classification called Zones. explosive atmosphere exists.
The zone system is used all over the world and nowadays There are 6 zones:
also accepted as an alternative system in North America.
− − Zones 0 (for gas) and 20 (for dust), where there is a
Authorities normally determine the area, but that can also be continuous presence of explosive atmosphere.
performed by a third party; a notified body or other experts. − − Zones 1 (for gas) and 21 (for dust), where there is an
It is the owner’s responsibility to ensure that the classification occasional occurrence of potentially explosive atmosphere.
of their site is performed before suitable products can be − − Zones 2 (for gas) and 22 (for dust), where potentially
selected and installed at the location. explosive atmospheres can occur by accident, not during
normal operation.
Globally, a Zone system is used to classify potentially
explosive areas. The Worker Protection Directive 1999/EC
and the international standards IEC 60079-10-x, EN 60079-
10-x define these zones. In all cases, Zone classification is
IECEx ATEX
Equipment groups Equipment groups
- Group I – mines susceptible to firedamp - Group I – mines susceptible to firedamp
- Group II – surface areas with gas - Group II – surface areas with gas and dust
- Group III – surface areas with dusts
Zone 2 ("G") / 22 ("D") CE Conformity marking example
Abnormal condition
Presence of explosive atmosphere only by
accident, but not during normal duty
Equipment protection level "c" required
Ex nA IIB/C T3 Gc Category 1, 2, 3
Ex tc IIIB/C T125 °C Dc Ex nA IIB/C T3 Gc
Ex tc IIIB/C T125 °C Dc
Zone 1 ("G") / 21 ("D")
Occasionally
Incidental presence of explosive
atmosphere during normal duty
Equipment protection level "b" required
Ex d(e) IIB/C T4...T6 Gb Category 1, 2
Ex tb IIIB/C T125 °C Db Ex d(e) IIB T4...T6 Gb
Ex tb IIIB/C T125 °C Db
a Zone 0
b Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone distances are determined based
on the risk assessment.
Flammable
liquid a = Distance from vent opening
surface b = Distance from the roof
c = Horizontal distance from the tank
Sump
Only external surface temperature needs to be Surface temperature of any part (inside or outside)
considered for Ex temperature class. may not exceed Ex temperature class limit.
For motors, EPL marking is included in the Ex marking, equipment Below you can find examples of Ex motor protection types.
category is included in the CE-marking.
Only external surface temperature needs to be Surface temperature of any part (inside or outside) may
considered for Ex temperature class not exceed Ex temperature class limit.
Certification processes
IECEx certification ATEX certification
All types of protection Category 2 Category 3
Flameproof, increased safety pressurised, Flameproof, increased safety pressurised, Non-sparking, dust ignition protection
dust ignition protection dust ignition protection
Ex d IIC T4 Gb 0081 II 2G
Protection type Ex d = flameproof CE-marking
Equipment group IIC for gas group B Identification
Temperature Class T4 = max. permitted 135 °C of the notified body responsible
for the approval.
Equipment protection level = level b for gas
Drives help ensure motors run according to process −− Above 600 V, the motor needs to have reinforced winding
demands, helping to save energy and improve process insulation and the drive is required to have a du/dt filter.
output. But at the same time, the use of drives introduces − − If the cable length between the drive and motor is greater
additional considerations for motor protection such as: than 150 meters and the voltage is between 600 and
690 V, the motor must have reinforced winding insulation.
−− Steep voltage pulses that can stress stator winding
insulation, this can lead to sparking. Protecting against bearing currents
− − Steep voltage rises can also lead to reflected voltages, AC drive can cause common mode voltages which induces
which can increase motor terminal voltage up to 2.5 times voltages across motor bearings, leading to current flow
the nominal voltage. through motor bearings. To protect against bearing currents,
− − Common mode voltages and current. This may cause ABB recommends that:
sparking in motor bearings and finally bearing
insulation breakdown. −− IEC 280 frame motors and above have insulated non-drive
− − Higher motor surface temperature rise due to reduced end bearings in order to break circulating current paths.
motor self-cooling when a motor with a shaft-mounted − − IEC 355 frame motors and larger, in addition to the
cooling fan is run at lower speeds. insulated non-drive end bearings, the drive also has a
−− In overload conditions, the motor surface temperature rise common mode filter installed.
can be steep if it is not taken into account in sizing and
load capacity curves are exceeded. Protecting against motor overheating
To protect against motor overheating, it is essential to
Protecting against voltage phenomena understand and keep the motor temperature under control.
Due to rapid switching and reflections in the cables, motors The connection between the motor running speed and load
are subject to more voltage stress in the windings when fed capacity must be known (load capacity curves). To ensure
by frequency converters than with sinusoidal supply voltage. safe operation, the motor and drive combination needs to be
The effect of these voltages can be an increase of up to 2.5 sized correctly, so it does not exceed the load capacity curve,
times the motor’s nominal voltage. This stresses the motor and rating plate information must be followed. To protect
winding insulation and can cause it to break down, resulting against motor heating, ABB recommends some
in possible sparking. ABB recommends: possible solutions:
− − Between 500 V and up to 600 V, the motor needs to have −− A separate constant speed fan to increase cooling capacity
reinforced winding insulation, or the drive must have a and load capacity at low speeds.
du/dt filter. − − Directly measuring the motor’s surface temperature and
using the data to control the shutdown of that motor.
− − Monitoring and controlling the power fed to the motor.
−− Limiting the load on the motor to prevent loads that cause
higher motor heating.
110
90
80
Self-cooled motors
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Frequency (Hz)
IEC 280 - 315 ABB standard insulation Insulated non-drive end bearing No filter needed
IEC 355 - 450 ABB standard insulation Insulated non-drive end bearing Common mode filter
≤ 600 V ≤ IEC 250 ABB standard insulation Standard bearing du/dt filter
ABB special insulation (variant code 405) Standard bearing No filter needed
IEC 280 - 315 ABB standard insulation Insulated non-drive end bearing du/dt filter
ABB special insulation (variant code 405) Insulated non-drive end bearing No filter needed
IEC 355 - 450 ABB standard insulation Insulated non-drive end bearing du/dt filter, common mode filter
ABB special insulation (variant code 405) Insulated non-drive end bearing Common mode filter
≤ 690 V ≤ IEC 250 ABB special insulation (variant code 405) Standard bearing du/dt filter
IEC 280 - 315 ABB special insulation (variant code 405) Insulated non-drive end bearing du/dt filter
IEC 355 - 450 ABB special insulation (variant code 405) Insulated non-drive end bearing du/dt filter, common mode filter
For more information please contact your local © Copyright 2015 ABB. All rights reserved.
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