PHILIPPINE POLITICS;

NATIONAL AND LOCAL

GOVERNANCE
(PPCN06F)
Prepared by Raizza Corpuz
 DEMOGRAPHICS

• The Republic of the Philippines is a sovereign state in

archipelagic Southeast Asia, with 7,107 islands spanning
more than 300,000 square kilometers of territory.
• It is divided into three island groups: Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao.
 DEMOGRAPHICS
Capital City Manila
Seat of National
Metro Manila (National Capital Region)
Government
Land Area 343,448 square kilometers (132,606 square miles)
Tropical, with an average year-round temperature
Climate
of 27°C (82°F)
Population 99,200,000 (as of the 1st Quarter of 2014)
Demonym Filipino
Currency Philippine peso
Languages Filipino (national and official), English (official)
Religions Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam
SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

• The Philippines is a unitary presidential constitutional

republic, with the President of the Philippines acting as
both the head of state and the head of government.
 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

• Unitary - the control of national and local affairs is

under the central or national government.
• Presidential - the President is both head of state
and head of government.
 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
• Constitutional - the powers of those who rule are defined and limited by
the constitution
• Republic - the power is exercised by a group of persons chosen by the people to act
as their representatives
 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

• One basic corollary in a presidential system of

government is the principle of separation of powers
wherein legislation belongs to Congress, execution to the
Executive, and settlement of legal controversies to the
Judiciary.
 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

The Legislative branch is authorized to make

laws, alter, and repeal them through the power
vested in the Philippine Congress. This
institution is divided into the Senate and the
House of Representatives.
 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

The Executive branch is composed of the

President and the Vice President who are
elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of
six years. The Constitution grants the President
authority to appoint his Cabinet. These
departments form a large portion of the country’s
bureaucracy.
 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

The Judicial branch holds the power to settle

controversies involving rights that are legally
demandable and enforceable.
 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

This branch determines whether or not there has

been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to
lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and
instrumentality of the government. It is made up of
a Supreme Court and lower courts.
 SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme

Court the power of Judicial Review as the power
to declare a treaty, international or executive
agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation,
order, instruction, ordinance or regulation
unconstitutional.
SYSTEM OF CHECKS
AND BALANCES
 ACCOUNTABILITY
• “A public office is a public trust. Public officers and
employees shall serve with the highest degree of
responsibility, integrity, loyalty and efficiency and shall
remain accountable to the people.”

Constitution of the Philippines

1973, Article XIII, Section 1
 ACCOUNTABILITY

• The institution of a system of checks and balances

in an organization through which an administrator
accounts for his stewardship of resources or authority.
 DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF THE
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
The structure of the Philippine government is divided into three branches:

• the Legislative Department (Article 6);

• the Executive Department (Article 7); and
• the Judicial Department (Article 8).
 THE PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF
POWERS

Under the principle of co-equal and coordinate powers among the three (3) branches,
the officers entrusted are not
with each of these powers

permitted to encroach/ tresspass upon the

powers confided to the others.
 PRINCIPLE OF CHECKS AND BALANCES

• The three co-equal departments are

established by the constitution in as balanced
positions as possible.
• To maintain this balance or to restore it if
upset, each department is given certain
powers with which to check the others.
 SOURCES AND REFERENCES
REFERENCES:
Agoncillo, Teodoro A. Agoncillo & Fe B. Mangahas. 2010. Philippine History. C & E Publishing
De Leon (1999). 1987 Philippines Constitution
Halili (2010). Philippine History 2nd edition Rex Bookstore Inc.
Zulueta (2013) Philippine History and Government through the years National Bookstore
• www.gov.ph/about/gov/
• http://politicsandgovernance.blogspot.com/2010/06/forms-of-government.html
• dirp3.pids.gov.ph/ris/eid/pidseid0602.pdf
• SPECIAL THANKS to Councilor Aina Sisante ;)