INCOSE Certification Overview

Senior Level

Foundation Level
Extensions

Entry Level

© 2006-2010 International Council on Systems Engineering

Certification Overview
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 The INCOSE certification program has been developed as the highest
quality, independent assessment of system engineering professionals.
Purpose and Design (benefits)

• Systems engineering community:

– Creates the standard to identify and develop systems engineering professionals .
– Establishes a formal, recognized body of knowledge for the systems engineering
community.

• System engineering professionals:

– Provides a portable standard of recognition for attainment of knowledge,
education, and experience.
– Its recertification requirements serve as a mechanism for continued professional
development.

• Organizations/institutions:
– A universal, industry-approved measure of a professional’s knowledge –achieved
through the independent evaluation of relevant tasks, projects, and programs.

INCOSE’s certification program continues to grow due to the

increasing recognition of its value to professionals, to organizations/
institutions, and to the overall systems engineering community.
Certification Overview
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 Topics
• What is certification and why is
it important?
• Who is recognizing and
supporting certification?
• What level of certification is
right for me?
• How do I apply for certification?
• How do I renew my
certification?
• Where can I find more
information?

Certification Overview
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 Successful Systems Engineering

Organizational ISO & CMMI

Systems Engineering Certify SE
Processes Processes

INCOSE
Experienced, Certifies SE
Knowledgeable Experience,
Systems Engineers Knowledge
and Education
Certification focuses on your people.
It complements your organizational initiatives.
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 What Is Certification?
• Certification is an occupational
designation
– Provides confirmation of an individual's
competency (demonstrated education,
experience, and knowledge) in a specified
profession or occupational specialty
• Certification is a formal process
– Issued by an organization
• Certification is voluntary
– It is neither a barrier nor a gate to entering a job
– However, it may be used as a qualifier in
placement
INCOSE’s Systems Engineering Professional Certification Program is a formal
process that recognizes individuals who have demonstrated a measurable level
of comprehension (education and knowledge) and proficiency (experience) in
performing tasks applicable to the systems engineering profession.
Certification Overview
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 Why is Certification Important?
For organizations…
• Formally recognizes the Systems
Engineering capabilities of your people
• Certified systems engineers can be a
selling point and a discriminator for your
proposals
• Can be used as part of the hiring and
promotion process
• It encourages employee participation in
continuing education
• Provides an independent internal and
external assessment
• It is a tool for promoting professional
competence

INCOSE Certification sets your organization apart!

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 Why is Certification Important?
For individuals…
• Formally recognizes your Systems
Engineering capabilities
• It is a discriminator that can aid in
obtaining your next job
• Can provide a competitive advantage in
your career
• Provides a portable Systems Engineering
designation that is recognized across
industry
• Furthers your professional development
as a systems engineer
• Participation in continuing education
indicates your commitment to personal
development

INCOSE Certification sets you apart!

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 Certification Citations
• INCOSE certification is becoming more
recognized every year
• The following are examples of INCOSE
certification citations
• Please forward any additional citations to
the certification Program Manager

Certification Overview
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 Secure Border Initiative RFP
US Department of Homeland Security
• Section H.16 Key Personnel
(b) Key Personnel #2: Senior Systems Engineer
– “The Contractor shall identify a Senior Systems Engineer (SE) for
the Chief Engineer and the Mission Engineering Directorate to
serve as the Government’s major Systems Engineer POC and to
provide supervision and guidance for all engineering Contractor
personnel assigned to the contract. The Senior SE shall be
Systems Planning, Research, Development and Engineering
(SPRDE) Level 2 certified or possess an equivalent
certification from private industry such as INCOSE CSEP.
The Senior System Engineer is ultimately responsible for the
quality and efficiency of the Engineering program support. The
Senior SE shall have at least 8 years experience in systems
engineering; and educational experience and accomplishments
appropriate to the discipline. The Senior SE should have
demonstrably strong experience managing and overseeing the
successful implementation of proven, disciplined systems
engineering processes resulting in a total system solution that is
robust to changing technical, production, and operating
environments, adaptive to the needs of the user, and balanced
among the multiple requirements, design considerations, design
constraints, and program budgets.”
Source: US Department of Homeland Security, April 2009

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Systems Engineering Guidebook for ITS Web Site
Federal Highway Administration and
the California Department of Transportation

• Chapter 7 Capabilities and Best Practices in

System Development
– “Systems Engineering Technical Assistance [SETA]
consultants or systems managers may not be
currently considering any formal assessment to be
performed. An internal assessment using continuous
representation would be recommended. As an
alternative, staff can demonstrate their expertise
through professional certification programs like
the INCOSE Certified Systems Engineering
Professional [CSEP] and Project Management
Institute [PMI] certification.”

Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/cadiv/segb/views/document/Sections/Section7/7.htm, January 2007

Certification Overview
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 CNNMoney.com

• Date: Oct 2009

• Systems Engineer ranked as
#1 job in America
• Mentions INCOSE CSEP as
a potential pre-requisite

Source: http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bestjobs/2009/snapshots/1.html

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 Certification Agreements
• Several organizations have recognized the
value in partnering with INCOSE on
certification
• The following are examples of certification
agreements in place
• Please contact the certification Program
Manager if your organization is interested
in forming a certification agreement

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Certification Agreements - Industry
• EADS (June 2008) - EADS and INCOSE agree to collaborate in
offering Certified Systems Engineering Professional status to
experienced EADS systems engineers.
• Booz Allen Hamilton (June 2009) - Booz Allen Hamilton and
INCOSE agree to encourage and enable offering Systems
Engineering professional certification to qualified Booz Allen
Hamilton employees.
• ManTech (Aug 2009) - ManTech and INCOSE agree to encourage
and enable offering Systems Engineering professional certification
to qualified ManTech employees.
• MITRE (Jul 2010) - MITRE and INCOSE agree to encourage and
enable offering Systems Engineering professional certification to
qualified MITRE employees.

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 Certification Agreements - Academia

• Stevens Institute of Technology (January 2009) - Stevens and

INCOSE agree to encourage and enable offering Systems
Engineering professional certification to qualified Stevens’ graduate
students and alumni.
• University of Texas – El Paso (March 2010) – UTEP and INCOSE
agree to encourage and enable offering Systems Engineering
professional certification to qualified UTEP graduate students.

Certification Overview
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 Certification Agreements - Special
• DAU Equivalency (February 2009) - Defense Acquisition University
(DAU) recognizes INCOSE CSEP-Acq and ASEP-Acq certifications
as meeting or exceeding desired outcome, content, and evaluation
techniques of DAU courses SYS 101 and SYS 202.
• OMG Collaboration (May 2009) – The Object Management Group
(OMG) and INCOSE agree to collaborate on developing OMG's new
program to certify Systems Engineers and other practitioners on the
OMG Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML™) standard.
• IES Collaboration (July 2010) – The Institution of Engineers,
Singapore (IES) and INCOSE agree to jointly develop a certification
recognition scheme by which national certification programs can be
internationally recognized through INCOSE.

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INCOSE Multi-Level Certification
For every stage of your career
Senior Level

Foundation Level
Extensions

Entry Level

ESEP Expert Systems Engineering Professional

CSEP Certified Systems Engineering Professional
ASEP Associate Systems Engineering Professional
-Acq US DoD Acquisition Extension

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 Certification Knowledge Requirements
• CSEP/ASEP Exam Basis
– INCOSE SE Handbook v3.2
– INCOSE SE Handbook v3.1 (through Jan 2011*)
– Free download available to INCOSE members
• Exam is
– 2 hours in length
– 120 questions
– Administered electronically at world-wide Prometric
locations - Pass/Fail results provided immediately upon
exam completion
• Candidates are eligible for two re-tests within one
year of application submittal
The INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook
is the basis for the CSEP & ASEP exams.
* Note that either v3.2 or v3.1 can be used to prepare for the exam through
January 2011. After January 2011, only v3.2 should be used.
Certification Overview
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 14 Functional Areas Recognized for
Systems Engineering Experience
• SE Technical Areas • SE Support Areas
– Requirements Engineering – Specialty Engineering
– Design Development – Process Definition
– System Integration – Training
– Qualification, Verification, and – Tool Support
Validation – Quality Assurance
• SE Management Areas • Other SE Areas
– Technical Planning – To allow for the variety of SE
– Technical Effort Assessment across domains
– Risk and Opportunity
Management
– Baseline Control

Successful candidates must have balanced

experience across multiple areas
Certification Overview
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 Entry Level
Associate Systems Engineering Professional

• Targeted towards junior/emerging Systems

Engineers and recent college graduates with
limited Systems Engineering work experience
• ASEPs are certified against knowledge
requirements through an exam
• ASEPs must be, and remain, INCOSE members
• Renewal every 5 years through professional
development, maximum duration of 15 years
• Available since 2008
Certification Overview
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 Foundation Level
Certified Systems Engineering Professional

• Targeted towards people with five or more years of

Systems Engineers work experience
• CSEPs are certified against experience, education, and
knowledge requirements
• Experience must be substantiated by 3-5 work-related
references
• Knowledge certified through an exam
• INCOSE membership not required
• Renewal every 3 years through professional
development
• Available since 2004
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 Distribution of Systems Engineering
Experience for CSEP
• The CSEP candidate must have at least 1 year of SE experience in
each of 3 or more of the 14 systems engineering functional areas

Option 1 A1 A2 A3

Option 2 A1 A2 A3 A4

Option 3 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Option 4 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6

Option X A1 A2 A3 Applicant’s Choice

1 2 3 4 5 Years
Some Options for Distributing Five Years of SE
Experience in Various SE Functional Areas (A1, A2, etc.)

CSEPs should have experience in performing some, but not all, SE areas
Certification Overview
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 Senior Level
Expert Systems Engineering Professional

• Targeted towards Systems Engineering leaders with

recognized systems accomplishments and who have many
years of systems engineering experience
• ESEPs are certified against leadership, professional
development, experience, and education requirements
• Experience must be substantiated by 3-5 work-related
references
• Interviews used to validate leadership and significant systems
accomplishments
• ESEPs must be, and remain, INCOSE members
• No renewal requirements other than INCOSE membership
• Available since 2010
Certification Overview
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 Distribution of Systems Engineering
Experience for ESEP
• In order to ensure a sound systems engineering
technical foundation, the ESEP candidate’s
systems engineering experience is to be
– In 2 year or greater increments
– in at least 6 of the 14 systems engineering functional
areas and have demonstrated leadership of
engineering teams

ESEPs should have experience in performing many,

but not all, SE areas

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 ESEP Professional Leadership
Requirements
• Have at least five (5) years of post-bachelor’s professional
leadership.
• Qualifying activities include:
– Product Development Leadership Years – Years of leadership in a product
development position, such as chief engineer or development team lead – one
(1) year credit for each year in a leadership position - no limit.
– Technical Society Leadership Years – Leadership of a professional technical
society as elected officer or appointed committee chair – one-half (0.5) year
credit for each year of service – no limit.
– Advanced Academics Years – limited to a maximum of four (4) years credit
• Master’s degree (or international equivalent) in a technical field – one (1) year credit
• Doctor of Philosophy degree (or international equivalent) in a technical field – two (2)
years credit if separate credit is given for a Master’s degree; three (3) years credit if
separate credit is not given for a Master’s degree.
• Systems engineering graduate-level teaching – limited to a maximum of three (3) years.
[One (1) year of credit is earned for each five hundred (500) hours of classroom
instruction spread over a three (3) year time period.]

Certification Overview
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 Acquisition Extension
US DoD Acquisition Extensions

• Targeted towards Systems Engineers who support or

work in a US Department of the Defense acquisition
environment
• Candidates must first become an ASEP, CSEP, or ESEP
• Acquisition knowledge items tested through both the
core ASEP/CSEP exam and an additional Acq exam
• Extension renewed concurrently with base certification
• Available since 2008

Certification Overview
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 -Acq Extension Knowledge Requirements
• -Acq Extension Exam Basis
– Defense Acquisition Guidebook (DAG) Chapter 4
“Systems Engineering”
– Reference version on INCOSE website
• -Acq Extension Exam is
– 1 hour in length
– 60 questions
– You must pass the core CSEP/ASEP exam
before taking the Acq extension
– Administered electronically at world-wide
Prometric locations - Pass/Fail results provided
immediately upon exam completion
• Candidates are eligible for two re-tests
within one year of application submittal
The DAG Chapter 4 is the basis for the
acquisition extension exam.
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Representative Exam Questions
• Which three of the following are • Which are three justifications for
methods to express functional Configuration Management?
behavior? (Choose three) (Choose three)

 Network Tree (NT)  facilitates communication

 Behavior Diagram (BD)  forces change evaluations
 Allocated Requirement  prevents requirements
Diagram (ARD) changes
 Functional Flow Block  controls requirements
Diagram (FFBD) changes
 Integrated Definition for  encourages requirements
Functional Modeling (IDEF) changes
Diagram

Note: These questions ARE NOT from the INCOSE Certification Exam. The
format and content are similar (based on SEH v2A). They were created by CSM
and Prometric and are used with permission.
Certification Overview
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Representative Exam Questions
• Which three of the following are • Which are three justifications for
methods to express functional Configuration Management?
behavior? (Choose three) (Choose three)

 Network Tree (NT) facilitates communication


Behavior Diagram (BD)
 forces change evaluations

 Allocated Requirement  prevents requirements
Diagram (ARD) changes
Functional Flow Block
 controls requirements

Diagram (FFBD) changes
Integrated Definition for
  encourages requirements
Functional Modeling (IDEF) changes
Diagram

Note: These questions ARE NOT from the INCOSE Certification Exam. The
format and content are similar (based on SEH v2A). They were created by CSM
and Prometric and are used with permission.
Certification Overview
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 The Key Elements of INCOSE Certification
(What is Certified?)

SE Leadership &
SE Knowledge Education SE Experience
Accomplishments
Via an exam based
on the INCOSE SE
Handbook

Via an exam based Via confirmation of Via confirmation of

on the INCOSE SE technical degree (or applicant’s and
Handbook additional experience, references written
if required) experience claims
Via confirmation of Via confirmation of Via oral review of
technical degree (or applicant’s and applicant (and
additional experience, references written references, if
if required) experience claims required)

Via an exam based

Extensions on the extension body
of knowledge

These four elements (education, knowledge, experience, and

competence) allow for a variety of certifications to be earned.

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 So What Certification is Right
for You?
• If you have recently graduated from college or have just
started (or want to start) practicing systems engineering

• If you are a practicing Systems Engineer with more than five

years of systems engineering experience

• If you are a systems engineering leader with recognized

systems accomplishments and have many years of systems
engineering experience

• If you support or are working in a US DoD acquisition

environment

Certification Overview
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 ASEP Certification Process Diagram
Study

INCOSE SE Handbook

Application
Development

Notify Pass Notify

Applicant Applicant

Submit 5 year
Completed Two Pay test fee Two Certification
1. Applicant
Application weeks Schedule & Take Exam
Information
(Prometric Test Center)
weeks
And Fee

$ Applicant’s
own pace

Applicant’s Applicant has up to one

own pace year to pass the test (three
tries 3 months apart). Test
is scheduled directly with
Prometric.
Timeline
Certification Overview
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 CSEP Certification Process Diagram
Study
Review First Option
INCOSE SE Handbook

Application INCOSE Pass

Development Application Notify Notify
Center Applicant Applicant 3 year
Certification

Pay test fee

1. Verifiable Schedule & Take Exam
Education (Prometric Test Center)
Submit
2. Verifiable Completed
Experience Application
And Fee
3. Applicant’s
Advocates (three references $ INCOSE
Evaluation
knowledgeable about SE) Applicant has up to one
year to pass the test (three
tries 3 months apart). Test
is scheduled directly with
Applicant’s Four to six Two Applicant’s Prometric.
own pace weeks weeks own pace

Timeline

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 CSEP Certification Process Diagram
Study Test First Option
INCOSE SE Handbook Notify
Applicant

Pass 3 year
Two Certification
Application weeks
Notify
Development
Applicant Pay test fee
Schedule & Take Exam
(Prometric Test Center) Pass
Submit
Completed Two
Application weeks Applicant’s
And Fee own pace INCOSE
1. Verifiable Application
Education $ Center

Reference
2. Verifiable
Experience Submittal
3. Applicant’s Applicant has up
Advocates (three references to one year to
knowledgeable about SE)
pass the test
Applicant’s
(three tries 3
own pace INCOSE months apart).
Evaluation
Test is scheduled
directly with
References’ Prometric.
own pace Four to six
weeks
Timeline
Certification Overview
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 ESEP Certification Process Diagram

Application
Development
INCOSE Pass
Application Notify Notify
Center Applicant Applicant
Certification

1. Verifiable
Education Conduct Oral Review
with Applicant and
2. Verifiable Up to Two References
Experience (Via telephone conference)

3. Applicant’s
Advocates (three references
knowledgeable about SE) Submit
Completed INCOSE
Application Evaluation Applicant has up to one
And Fee
year to complete the entire
$ process.
4. Verifiable
Professional Four to six Two Mutual
Development Agreement
weeks weeks
Applicant’s
own pace

Timeline

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 How Long Will It Take to Get Certified?
There is no one answer. Much depends on the applicant.
Applicant Applicant
• Downloads information • Schedules exam with test
from INCOSE web page References submit organization
• Collects information recommendations via • Takes exam at test site
• Fills out and submits forms e-mail to INCOSE. • Receives results immediately
via e-mail Applicant submits • Schedules another exam if
• Pays fee on-line missing material. needed

A. ?????? C. Averaging 50 days E. Averaging 62 days

Time
B. < 2 weeks D. Averaging 21 days F. < 2 weeks

INCOSE INCOSE INCOSE sends

• Receives application & fee • Receives recommendations from CSEP certificate
• Checks completeness of submittal references and missing information via postal mail to
• Notifies applicant by e-mail that • Evaluates education and experience applicant
application was received and is • Notifies applicant of evaluation
complete or has missing material results. If minimum requirements
are met, authorizes exam
Time for Steps B-F: Shortest is 37 days, Average is 147 days
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All of the Application Material
is Available On-line

Certification Overview
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 Certification Renewal Requirements
• Certification is Valid for
– 3 Years for CSEP
– 5 Years for ASEP and must maintain INCOSE membership
– Indefinite for ESEP, but must maintain INCOSE membership
– Extensions (e.g., Acq) are renewed concurrent with the base
certification, regardless of when earned
• Certification renewal requires
– Minimum of 120 Professional Development Units (PDUs)
– Renewal application
– Continuing education log submittal
– Must be submitted before current certification period ends
– Up to 30 “excess” PDUs can be “carried forward”

INCOSE certified professionals have an

ongoing growth and learning obligation
Certification Overview
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 PDUs for Certification Renewal
Professional Development Activities Credit
3/5 Year
(All must be relevant to the practice of systems engineering) Limit
Technical Society Participation Category
Be an INCOSE member 5 PDU/year 15 PDU
Attend professional technical society local event/chapter 1 PDU/hour attendance 30 PDU
presentation/exhibit (10 PDU/year limit)
Attend professional technical society conference/symposium 1 PDU/hour attendance 72 PDU
(24 PDU/year limit)
Participate on professional technical society working groups, 1 PDU/hour of effort No limit
committees, etc.
Perform leadership role in professional technical society at local, 1 PDU/hour of effort No limit
national or international level
SE Course Work & Publication Category
Complete a technical graduate level course 2 PDU/class hour No limit
Attend educational course, tutorial, or seminar 1 PDU/hour No limit
Teach professional development coursework, including presentations 2 PDU/hour (prep) 40 PDU
not part of job function. 1 PDU/hour (teach)
Write & publish SE article 5 PDU/article No limit
Write & publish SE book 30 PDU (primary author)/book No limit
10 PDU (contributing author)/book
Attend vendor presentation with educational value 1 PDU/hour attendance 15 PDU
5 PDU/year limit
SE Job Function Participation Category
Receive patent award 10 PDU/award No limit
Serve as designated lead systems engineer for a system, product or 15 PDU/year 45 PDU
service
Lead organization to increase INCOSE systems engineering 5 PDU/year 15 PDU
certifications
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All of the Renewal Material
is Available On-line

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Where Do I Find More Information?
INCOSE Certification web site at
http://www.incose.org

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Where Do I Find More
Information? (cont.)

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 Any Questions?
Email Contacts
Your Chapter: http://www.incosewma.org/

Certification Office:
secert@ incose.org

Dave Walden, CSEP

Certification Program Manager:
David.Walden@incose.org
For more information visit:
www.incose.org/educationcareers/certification/
Certification Overview
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 INCOSE Copyright Notice
• Copyright © 2006-2010 by INCOSE, subject to the following restrictions:
– Author Use. Authors have full rights to use their contributions in a totally unfettered way.
Abstraction is permitted with credit to the source.
– INCOSE Use. Permission to reproduce and use this document or parts thereof by members
of INCOSE and to prepare derivative works from this document for INCOSE use is granted,
with attribution to INCOSE and the original author(s) where practical, provided this
copyright notice is included with all reproductions and derivative works.
– External Use. This document may be shared or distributed to non-INCOSE third parties.
Requests for permission to reproduce this document in whole are granted, provided it is not
altered in any way. Requests for permission to prepare derivative works of this document
for external and/or commercial use will be denied unless covered by other formal
agreements with INCOSE. Copying, scanning, retyping, or any other form of reproduction of
the content of whole pages or source documents is prohibited except as approved by the
INCOSE Central Office, 7670 Opportunity Rd #220, San Diego, CA 92111.
– Electronic Version Use. Any electronic version of this document is to be used for personal
use only and is not to be placed on a non-INCOSE sponsored server for general use. Any
additional use of these materials must have written approval from INCOSE Central.
– Permissions. INCOSE has granted permission to member companies of the INCOSE
Corporate Advisory Board to post and use this document internally, subject to the external
use restriction.
– Technical Data. This data was prepared by INCOSE for information only. It has been
released by INCOSE as Technical Data. It is subject to change without notice and may not
be referred to as an INCOSE Technical Product. Send comments to secert@incose.org.
• This briefing was created from information from various INCOSE sources as
indicated in the Notes section of this slide.
Use of any trademarks in this material is not intended in any way to infringe on the rights of the trademark holder.

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 Detail on SE Functional Areas
• 1. Requirements Engineering: analyze customer and stakeholder needs, generate/develop
requirements, perform functional analyses, derive requirements, ensure requirements quality,
allocate requirements, control requirements, maintain requirements database, develop and
implement Requirements Management Plans, develop measures of effectiveness and performance
• 2. Risk and Opportunity Management: develop and implement Risk and Opportunity
Management Plans, identify risk issues and opportunities, assess risk issues and opportunities,
prioritize risks and opportunities, develop and implement risk mitigation and opportunity
achievement plans, track risk reduction and opportunity achievement activities
• 3. Baseline Control: develop and implement Configuration Management Plans, establish and
update baselines for requirements and evolving configurations/products, establish and implement
change control processes, maintain traceability of configurations, participate in Configuration
Control Boards, participate in configuration item identification and status accounting, participate in
functional and physical configuration audits
• 4. Technical Planning: identify program objectives and technical development strategy;
prepare Systems Engineering Management Plans, program Work Breakdown Structures, product
Breakdown Structures, Integrated Master Plans, and Integrated Master Schedules; identify program
metrics including product technical performance measures and key performance parameters,
identify program resource needs in terms of equipment, facilities, and personnel capabilities
• 5. Technical Effort Assessment: collect, analyze, track, and report program metrics including
product technical performance measures and key performance parameters; conduct audits and
reviews; assess process and tool usage compliance; conduct capability assessments; recommend
and implement process and product improvements

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•
Detail on SE Functional Areas
6. Architecture/Design Development: identify baseline and alternate candidate concepts and
architectures, prepare Trade Study Plans, conduct and document trade studies, evaluate and optimize
candidate concepts and architectures, prepare system/solution description documents
• 7. Qualification, Verification, and Validation: develop and implement Qualification, Verification, and
Validation Plans; develop verification requirements and pass/fail criteria; conduct and record results of
qualification, verification, and validation efforts, and corrective actions; prepare requirements verification matrix
and qualification certificates.
• 8. Process Definition: define enterprise processes and best practices, tailor enterprise processes for
program/project applications
• 9. Tool Support: specify requirements for, evaluate, select, acquire, and install SE computer
programs/tools
• 10. Training: develop and implement Training Plans, develop and give training courses on processes
and tools
• 11. Systems Integration: define technical integration strategy, develop Integration Plans, develop
integration test scripts, develop and implement integration test scenarios, conduct and document integration
tests, track integration test results and retest status
• 12. Quality Assurance: develop and implement a Quality Assurance Plan, perform quality audits, report
quality audits, define and track quality corrective actions
• 13. Specialty Engineering: develop and implement Specialty Plans as part of, or an addendum
• to, the Systems Engineering Management Plan to cover such specialties as reliability, maintainability,
supportability, survivability, logistics support, security, safety, human factors, electromagnetic environmental
effects, environmental engineering, packaging and handling, etc.
• 14. Other: describe other functions that you have performed and can justify as system
• engineering activities.

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