Pseudoreduced

Temperature

Standing-Katz Chart
1 January 1941

Fig. 3.6—Standing-Katz4 Z-factor chart.

Gas compressibility, c g , is given by after separation. For these mixtures, the traditional definition of B g
may still be useful; however, we refer to this quantity as a hypotheti-
cg + * 1
ēV g
V g ēp
ǒ Ǔ cal wet-gas volume factor, B gw, which is calculated from Eq. 3.38.
Because B g is inversely proportional to pressure, the inverse vol-
ume factor, b g + 1ńB g , is commonly used. For field units,
+ 1p * 1 ēZ
Z ēp
ǒ Ǔ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3.37)
b g in scfńft 3 + 35.37
p
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3.40a)
T ZT
For sweet natural gas (i.e., not containing H2S) at pressures less than p
and b g in Mscfńbbl + 0.1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3.40b)
[1,000 psia, the second term in Eq. 3.37 is negligible and c g + 1ńp ZT
is a reasonable approximation. If the reservoir gas yields condensate at the surface, the dry-gas
Gas volume factor, B g, is defined as the ratio of gas volume at spe- volume factor, B gd, is sometimes used.20
cified p and T to the ideal-gas volume at standard conditions,

Bg + ǒTp Ǔ ZTp .
sc
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3.38)
B gd + ǒTp ǓǒZTpǓǒF1 Ǔ,
sc
sc
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3.41)
gg
sc

For customary units ( psc +14.7 psia and Tsc +520°R), this is
B g + 0.02827 ZT
p , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3.39)
with temperature in °R and pressure in psia. This definition of B g
assumes that the gas volume at p and T remains as a gas at standard
conditions. For wet gases and gas condensates, the surface gas will
not contain all the original gas mixture because liquid is produced
where F gg+ratio of moles of surface gas, n g , to moles of wellstream
mixture (i.e., reservoir gas, n g); see Eqs. 7.10 and 7.11 of Chap. 7.
3.3.2 Z-Factor Correlations. Standing and Katz4 present a general-
ized Z-factor chart (Fig. 3.6), which has become an industry stan-
dard for predicting the volumetric behavior of natural gases. Many
empirical equations and EOS’s have been fit to the original Stand-
ing-Katz chart. For example, Hall and Yarborough21,22 present an

GAS AND OIL PROPERTIES AND CORRELATIONS 23