Kannada Class Notes

Kannada Class Notes
Table of Contents
1 KANNADA .......................................................................................... 3
1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................3
1.2 Kannada language has got .......................................................................................3
1.2.1 Alphabets...................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Syllables ........................................................................................................................................ 3
1.2.3 Parts of Speech............................................................................................................................. 3
1.2.4 Genders (Linga) ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.2.5 Numbers (Vachana)...................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.6 Case - (Vibhakti-Pratyaya) ............................................................................................................ 4
1.2.7 Tenses........................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.8 Akshara / Pada / Vakya - Letters / Word / Sentence .................................................................... 4
1.2.9 VAKYA – Kartu, Kriya, Karmani ..................................................................................................... 4
1.2.10 Articles.......................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.11 Sanskrit Influence ......................................................................................................................... 4
2 Pronouns – (I, You, We, He, She & It).................................................. 6
3 Verbs – Conjugation (Past, Present & Future Tense) ........................... 7
4 Quick Samadhan – English / Kannada / Hindi / Use .......................... 16
4.1 Verbs......................................................................................................................16
4.2 Pronouns ................................................................................................................25
4.3 Relations ................................................................................................................27
4.4 Questions ...............................................................................................................28
4.5 Location - Here, There & Everywhere ..................................................................29
5 Miscellaneous .................................................................................. 34
5.1 Opposites ...............................................................................................................34
5.2 Location .................................................................................................................34
5.3 Courtesy words ......................................................................................................35
5.4 Relations ................................................................................................................35
5.5 Things ....................................................................................................................35
5.6 Questions ...............................................................................................................36
5.7 Persons...................................................................................................................36
5.8 Months ...................................................................................................................36
5.9 Seasons ..................................................................................................................37
5.10 Parts of the Day .....................................................................................................37
5.11 Days of the Week ..................................................................................................37
5.12 Time of the Day.....................................................................................................39
5.13 Day, Week, Month, Year.......................................................................................39
5.14 Here, There and Everywhere .................................................................................39
5.15 Relatives ................................................................................................................39
5.16 Colours – Banna ....................................................................................................40
5.17 Vegetables – Tharakaari ........................................................................................40
5.18 Fruits – Hannugalu ................................................................................................40
6 Cases - Vibhakti Pratyaya ................................................................. 42
7 Cases - Historical .............................................................................. 44
8 Cases - Latin 112/113: ...................................................................... 46
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Kannada Class Notes
8.2 The Nominative Case (Nom.)................................................................................46

8.3 The Accusative Case (Acc.) ..................................................................................47
8.4 The Genitive Case (Gen.) ......................................................................................48
8.5 The Dative Case (Dat.) ..........................................................................................49
8.6 The Ablative Case (Abl.).......................................................................................51
8.7 The Vocative Case (Voc.) .....................................................................................52
9 Note on Prepositions........................................................................ 52
10 Kannada Alphabets (Vowels, Consonants, Ligatures, Secondary Forms,
Marathi Varnmala ............................................................................ 53
11 Cardinal Numbers............................................................................. 64
12 Ordinal Numbers .............................................................................. 68
13 Fractions .......................................................................................... 69
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Kannada Class Notes
1 KANNADA
1.1 Introduction
We often talk of using a language in its correct form. In order to use a language in its correct
form it’s very much essential that you know the grammar of that language. The grammar of a
language can be derived on various theoretical principles and linguistic models that have
already been accepted in that language. However we can obtain a proximate reality by
historical reconstruction and the resulting comparison with cognate
languages.
For Kannada translation by native translator contact www.indianscripts.com
Since Kannada has been heavily under Sanskrit influence Kannada grammar too is more or
less similar to Sanskrit grammar. Kavirajamarga of 850 AD can be considered as the first
book on Kannada grammar, the name of the book literally means ‘the main road for a poet’.
This has laid down many principles to be followed by a poet in creating his works. There is a
reference of earlier Sanskrit works of Kalidasa, BanaBhatta and also a call for contemporary
writers to emulate the high standards set by those
works.Kavyavalokana and Karnatabhashabhushana by Nagavarma (12thcentury AD) is
also a notable work on Kannada grammar. Kannada grammar is primarily based
on Shabdamanidarpana (1260AD) by Keshiraja.
1.2 Kannada language has got
1.2.1 Alphabets
50 letters in its alphabet Varnamale
16 vowels Swara)and
34 consonants Vyanjana
1.2.2 Syllables
Syllables (Kaagunita) are formed by combining vowel sounds with the consonants.
1.2.3 Parts of Speech
There are 8 parts of speech;
(1) Noun Naamapada
(2) Pronoun Sarvanaama
(3) Adjective Naamavisheshana
(4) Verb Kriyapada
(5) Adverb Kriyavisheshana
(6) Preposition Sambandha suchaka
(7) Conjunction Samuchhaya suchaka and
(8) Interjection Avadharana suchaka.
1.2.4 Genders (Linga)
Shabdamanidarpana describes 9 different forms of genders (Linga) but in modern Kannada
there are three genders namely,
(1) Masculine gender Pullinga
(2) Feminine gender Strilinga and
(3) Neuter gender Napumsakalinga
1.2.5 Numbers (Vachana)
Numbers (Vachana) are 2,
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Kannada Class Notes
(1) Singular (Ekavachana) and

(2) Plural (Bahuvachana).
1.2.6 Case - (Vibhakti-Pratyaya)
There are 8 different case endings (Vibhakti-Pratyaya) commonly in use.
Cases vibhakti -
First Nominative prathama
Second Accusative dviteeya
Third Instrumental triteeya
Fourth Dative chaturthi
fifth Ablative panchami
Sixth Possesive / Genitive shashti
Seventh Locative saptami
Eight Vocative Sambodhane
1.2.7 Tenses
Tenses are three, namely
(1) Present Tense Vartamanakala
(2) Past Tense Bhutakala) and
(3)Future Tense Bhavishyatkala
1.2.8 Akshara / Pada / Vakya - Letters / Word / Sentence
The word (Pada) is a set of letters (Akshara) which has a meaning and in turn a sentence
(Vakya) is a group of words arranged in a sequence to get a proper meaning or that make
sense.
1.2.9 VAKYA – Kartu, Kriya, Karmani
The sentence has in turn
Subject Kartru
Predicate Kriya &
Object Karmani
1.2.10 Articles
The articles are of two types
(1) Definite and
(2) Indefinite articles.
1.2.11 Sanskrit Influence
There is a general debate that due to Sanskrit influence and too much adherence to Sanskrit
hegemony in its earlier days Kannada has blindly adapted some grammatical features that are
not its own. Certain features are derived without any rationality. This intentional emulation
from Sanskrit for sometime had led to a belief that Kannada must have been derived from
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Kannada Class Notes
Sanskrit. There is an argument to reconstruct the grammar of Kannada at various levels such
as phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics on its Dravidian lineage. It is
opined that reconstruction has to be based on modern models relinquishing the redundant
patterns derived from Sanskrit. This is inevitably a question of political as well as social
will! For Kannada translation by native translator contact www.indianscripts.com
Page 5 of 71
Kannada Class Notes – I, You, We, He, She & It
2 Pronouns – (I, You, We, He, She & It)

MALE / FEMALE
2nd Person (Plural)
1st Person (Singular) 1st Person (Plural) 2nd Person (Singular)
With Respect
Naanu I Naavu We Neenu You Neevu You
Nanna My Namma Our Ninna Your Nimma Your
Nannage For me Nammage For us Ninnage For you Nimmage For you
Nannadhu Mine Nammadhu Ours Ninnadhu Yours Nimmadhu Yours
MALE FEMALE MALE / FEMALE

3rd Person (Plural)
3rd Person (Singular) 3rd Person (Singular)
With Respect
Ivanu / Avanu He is Ivalu / Avalu She is Ivaru / Avaru They
Ivana / Avana His Ivala / Avala Her Ivara / Avara Their
Ivannage Ivalage Ivarge
For him For her For them
Avanage Avalage Avarge
Ivanadhu Ivaldhu Hers Ivardhu
His (Belonging) Theirs
Avanadhu Avaldhu (Belonging) Avardhu
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Kannada Class Notes – Verbs - Conjugation & Tenses
3 Verbs – Conjugation (Past, Present & Future Tense)

No Kriya Verbs Tenses I you He She We YOU They It
Padagalu Nannu Neenu Avanu Avalu Naavu Neevu Avaru Adhu
Past Maad dhe Maad dha Maad dhlu Maad dhvi Maad dhru Maad thu
Maad
1 Maadu To Do Present Maad thidini Maad thidane Maad thidhale Maad thidhivi Maad thidhu
thidhare
Furture Maad thini Maad thane Maad thale Maad thivi Maad thare Maad thhe
Past Thin dhe Thin dha Thin dhlu Thin dhvi Thin dhru Thin thu
2 Thinnu To Eat Present Thin thidhini Thin thidhivi
Furture Thin thini Thin dhivi
Past Kudi dhe Kudi dha Kudi dhlu Kudi dhvi Kud dhru Kudi thu
3 Kudi To Drink Present Kudi thidini Kudi thidane Kudi thidhale Kudi thidivi Kudi thidhare Kudi thidhe
Furture Kudi thini Kudi thane Kudi thale Kudi thivi Kudi thare Kudi thhe
Past Heli dhe Heli dha Heli dhlu Heli dhvi Heli dhru Heli thu
4 Helu To Tell Present Heli thidhini Heli thidane Heli thidale Heli thidivi Heli thidhare Heli thide
Furture Heli thini Heli thane Heli thale Heli thvi Heli thare Heli thhe
Past Keli dhe Keli dha Keli dhla Keli dhvi Keli dhru Keli thu
To Ask
5 Kelu Present Keli thidhini Keli thidane Keli thidale Keli thidivi Keli thidare Keli thide
To Listen
Furture Keli thini Keli thane Keli thale Keli thivi Keli thare Keli thhe
Past Nod dhe Nod dha Nod dhla Nod dhvi Nod dhru Nod thu
6 Nodu To See Present Nod thidihi Nod thidane Nod thidale Nod thidivi Nod thidare Nod thide
Furture Nod thini Nod thane Nod thale Nod thivi Nod thare Nod thhe
Past Baar dhe Baar dha Baar dhla Baar dhvi Baar dhru Baar thu
7 Baa To Come Present Baar thidini Baar thidane Baa r thidale Baar thidivi Baar thidare Baar thide
Furture Baar thini Baar thane Baar thale Baar thivi Baar thare Baar thhe
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Past
8 Hogu To Go Present
Furture
Past
9 Kodu To Give Present
Furture
Past
10 Oodhu To Read Present
Furture
Past
11 Oodu To Run Present
Furture
Past
12 Bari To Write Present
Furture
Past
13 Kali To Learn Present
Furture
Past
To Lie
14 Malagu Down Present
To Relax
Furture
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Past
Nidhre Present
15 To Sleep
Maadu
Furture
Past
16 Maathadu To Talk Present
Furture
Past
17 Haaku To Put Present
Furture
Past
18 Thago To Take Present
Furture
Past
19 konduko To Buy Present
Furture
Past
20 Bisaku To Throw Present
Furture
Past
To Sing
21 Haadu Present
Song
Furture
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Past
22 Thallu To Push Present
Furture
Past
23 Hidi To Catch Present
Furture
Past
24 Eli To Pull Present
Furture
Past
25 Aadu To Play Present
Furture
Past
26 Kalisu To Teach Present
Furture
Past
27 Thodu To Wear Present
Furture
Past
28 Kalu Hisu To Send Present
Furture
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Past
29 Nadi To Walk Present
Furture
Past
30 Hodi To Beat Present
Furture
Past
31 Nillu To Stand Present
Furture
Past
32 Kari To Call Present
Furture
Past
Present
Furture
Past
Nodhu To See Present
Furture
Past
Odhu To Read Present
Furture
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Past
Kudi To Drink Present
Furture
Past
Odu To Run Present
Furture
Past
Kodi To Give Present
Furture
Past
Niddhe To Sleep Present
Furture
Past
To Walk
Nadi Present
Furture
Past
To Sing /
Haadu Present
Song
Furture
Past
Kini To Dance Present
Furture
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Past
To Get
Ili Present
down
Furture
Past
Bari To Write Present
Furture
Past
Kollu To Kill Present
Furture
Past
Kollu To Buy Present
Furture
Past
Hathu To Climb Present
Furture
Past
Nagu To Laugh Present
Furture
Past
Ogi To Wash Present
Furture
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Past
Helu
To Say Present
Furture
Past
To Ask /
Kelu Listen
Present
Furture
Past
Muttu To Touch Present
Furture
Past
Odi To Break Present
Furture
Past
Odisu To Drive Present
Furture
Past
Shursu To Start Present
Furture
Past
Alu To Cry Present
Furture
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Past
Maaru To Sell Present
Furture
Past
Solu To Lose Present
Furture
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Kannada Class Notes – Miscellaneous (Quick Samadhan)
4 Quick Samadhan – English / Kannada / Hindi / Use

http://quicksamadhan.com/learn-english-to-kannada-verbs.aspx
4.1 Verbs
ENGLISH KANNADA HINDI USE
To come Baralu आना Baa/ Banni (respect)
To fly Haralu उडना Haaru/ Haari (respect)
To boil Bisi madalu उबालना Bisi maadu/ Bisi maadi (respect)
To do Maadalu करना Maadu/ Maadi (respect)
To say, to tell Helalu कहना Helu/ Heli (respect)
To try Prayathna padalu Prayathna padi (respect)
To bite Kacchalu काटना Kacchu
To cut Kattarisu काटना Kattarisu/ Kattharisi (respect)
To jump Hegaralu कूदना Hegaru/ Hegari (respect)
To buy Kondu kollalu Konduko
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4.1 Verbs
To eat Thinnalu खाना Thinnu/ thinni (respect)
To pull, to drag Eleyalu खींचना Eli
To play Aadalu खेलना Aata aadu (play game)
To lose Kaleduko खोना Kaledu hoyitu (I lost)
To seek Thilidukollalu खोजना Thiliduko/
To open Thereyalu खोलना Thegi/thegeyiri (respect)
To sing Haadalu गाना Haadu (song/sing)
To count Enisalu Duddu Enisu (count money)
चढना
To climb, Betta hatthu (climb hill),
Hatthalu, savari
To ride kudure savari (horse ride)
चलना
To walk, Nadi (walk),
Nadeyalu, Chalisalu
To move Illinda chalisu (move from here)
To like Ishtapadu चाहना Nana ishta(I like)
To shout, Kiruchu, Kiruchabeda (Don’t shout)

To cry alu Alabeda (don’t cry)
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4.1 Verbs
चुराना
Kalavu madalu/
To steal Kalla kadda (Robber stole)
Kadiyalu
To kiss Mutthu kodalu. चूमना Mutthu kodu (Give kiss)
To burn Sudalu जलना Benki suduttade (Fire burns)
जबाव दे ना
To reply, Prathyuttara/
Nanage Uttharisu (Answer me)
To answer Uttharisalu
To awake Elisalu जगना Avanannu elisu (wake him)
To go Hogalu जाना Neenu hogu (You go)
To know Thiliyalu जानना Adannu thiliduko (Know it)
To win Gellalu जीतना Naanu gedde (I won)
जोडना
To add, Idannu serisu (Add it),
Serisalu, Sambanda
To relate Sambanda irada (Not related)
To quarrel Jagala adalu झगडा करना Avanu jagala maadida (He quarreled)
To tell a lie Ondu sullu helalu. झूठ बोलना Sullu helabaradu(shouldn’t lie)
To walk Nadeyalu टहलना Avanu nadedu mane serida(He reached home by walking)
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4.1 Verbs
To swim Eejadalu तैरना Avanu eejaduttane(He will swim)
तोरना
To break,
Odeyalu/Keelalu Avanu odedu haakida(He broke ), hoovannu keelu(pluck flower)
To pluck
To tire Susthagu थकना Avarige susthayitu(He became tired)
दे खना
To see,
Nodalu, Nodu Nodu/Nodi (respect)
To look
To show Thorisalu Avanige Thorisu (show him)
To give Kodalu दे ना Avanige kodalu (to give him)
To run Odalu दौड़ना Odu (run)
To push Thollalu Avanannu thollu (Push him)
To wash Tholeyalu धोना Paathre tholi (wash vessels)
To dance Nruthya madalu नाचना Nruthya madu (Dance)
To take bath Snaana madalu नहाना Snaana madu (take bath)
To breakfast Thindige Naanu thindige hogthini (I will go for breakfast)
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4.1 Verbs
To catch Hidiyalu पकड़ना Kallanannu hidi (catch thief)
To read Odalu पढना Pusthaka odu (Read book)
To take care Aaraike madalu परवाह करना Maguvina araike madu(take care of baby)
To reach Seralu पहुं चना Bega seru(reach fast)
To get, Padeyalu,
पाना
Naanu modalane bahumana padede/sveekariside(I got/received first
To find, kanduhidiyalu,
prize)
To receive sveekarisalu
To beat Hodeyalu पीटना Naanu avanige hodede (I bet him)
To drink Kudiyalu पीना Neeru kudi (drink water)
To call Kareyalu पुकारना Avanannu kari (Call him)
To ask Kelalu पूछना Avanannu kelu (Ask him)
To worship Poojisalu पूजा करना Devara pooje maadu (Worship God)
To love Preethisalu Ellarannu preethisu (Love everyone)
To change, Shift, Badalayisalu, बदलना Ninna daari badalayisu (Change your route)
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4.1 Verbs
To Divert Vargayisu, Dikku

badalisu
To talk Mathadalu बात करना Olle mathadu (Talk good)
To believe Nambu Ninnannu neenu nambu (Believe in yourself)
To speak Mathadalu बोलना Olle mathadu(speak good)
To shut Muchalu बंद करना Baagilu muchu(Shut the door)
To sit Kooralu बैठना Kurchimele kulithuko(Sit on the chair)
To sell Maaralu बेचना Byke maaru (Sell the bike)
To forget Marethu भूलना Nanu marethe (I forgot)
To send Kaluhisalu भेजना Naanu kaluhiside (I sent)
To die Sayalu मरना Naayi Sathittu (Dog died)
To kill Kollalu मारना Avanu konda (He killed)
To meet Sandisalu Naanu avanannu Sandiside (I met him)
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4.1 Verbs
To remember Neneyalu याद करना Naanu ninna nenesi konde (I remembered you)
To put, keep Haakalu, ittukollalu रखना Naanu dustbin ge haakide (I put it to dustbin)
To live, be Jeevisalu, iru रहना Gellalu jeevisi(live to win)
To be Iralu Iralu thinni(Eat to live)
To weep Alalu रोना Magu alutthide(baby is crying)
To bring Tharalu लाना Naanu tharakari tharalu hogidde(I went to bring vegetables)
To write Bareyalu Naanu olle kavana barede(I wrote a good poetry)
To loot Kadiyalu लूटना Kadiyuvudu kettadu(Looting is bad)
To take Tegedukollalu लेना Naanu bread thegedukonde(I took bread)
To return Hindirugisalu लौटना Naanu duddu hindirugiside(I returned the money)
Naavu olle rethi nadedukollabeku(We should behave in a good

To behave Nadedukollalu
manner)
वादा करना
Naanu olle kelasa maadalu pramana maduttene(I promise to do good
To promise Pramana madalu
deeds)
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4.1 Verbs
To decorate Alankaara maadu सजाना Naanu hovinda alankara madide(I decorated with flowers)
To understand Artha madikollalu समझना Naanu paatagalannu artha madikonde(I understood the lessons)
To clean Svaccha maadalu साफ करना Naanu nanna kotadi svaccha maadide(I cleaned my room)
To help Sahaya madalu सहायता करना Naanu sahaya maadide(I helped)
To sleep Malagalu सोना Naanu malagikonde(I slept)
To become Aagalu होना cricketer aguttene(I will become a cricketer)
To laugh Nagalu हँसना Nanage nagu banthu(I got laugh)
http://quicksamadhan.com/learn-english-to-kannada-verbs.aspx
I Naanu मै
He Avanu वह
You Neenu तुम
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4.1 Verbs
You(All) Neevu तुमसब
You(Regards) Neenu आप
They Avaru वे
They(many) Avaru वे लोग
We Naavu हम
You(All, Neevu आपलोग

Regards)
My(M/F) Nanna मेरा/
Mine Nannadu मेरा
Our(M/F) Namma हमारा/
Your(one) (M/F) Ninna तेरा/
Page 24 of 71
4.2 Pronouns
Your(many) Nimma /
(M/F)
His Avana उसका
Her Avala
Its(M/F) Adara इसका/
Him/her Avanu/Avalu उसको
Me Nanage मुझे
Them Avarige /
Us Namage
You Neenu
I have Naanu hondiruve मेरे पास
You have Neenu hondiruve
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He has Avanu hondiruva उसके पास
Page 26 of 71
4.3 Relations
Mother Thaayi माता
Father Thande
Brother Sahodara भाई
Sister Sahodari बहन
Grand mother Ajji /नानी
Grand father Taatha/Ajja दादा/नाना
Uncle Chikkappa/Doddappa चाचा
Aunt Chikkamma/Doddam चाची

ma
Bua Atthe बुआ
Fufa Maava फूफा
Mausi Chikkamma मौसी
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Mausa Chikkappa मौसा
Maternal uncle Maama मामा
Maternal aunt Atthe मामी
Brother in law Bhaava/Bhamaida साला/बहनोई
Sister in law Naadini/Voragitti /भाभी
4.4 Questions
Where Elli कहाँ
Who Yaaru कौन
Why Yaake
What Enu
Whose Yaradu
How Hege कैसे/कैसा
When Yavaga कब
How much Eshtu / कैसे
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4.5 Location - Here, There & Everywhere
There Alli वहाँ
Here Illi यहाँ
Where(that Elli जहाँ

place)
This much Ishtu इतना
That much Ashtu उतना
Here(This way) Heege इधर
There(That Haage उधर

way)
Which way Hege
From Inda से
In Lift Liftnalli
In Bharat Bharathadalli
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In Kolkata Kolkatadalli
On Table Mejinamele मेज पर
At Home Manenalli
Ram’s Home Ramana mane राम का घर
I am Naanu हू ँ
You are Neenu तुम हो
He/she is Avanu/Avalu वह है
We are Naavu हम है
You are Neenu तुमलोग हो
They are Avaru वेलोग है
You are Neenu आपलोग है
And Matthu और/अथवा
Extremely Vipareetha
Good Utthama
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Again Matte
Me too Naanu kooda मै भी
Like this Ee thara ऐसा
Like that Aa thara वैसा
So (this) Idarinda
So (that) Adarinda
How Hege
come(why)
For me Nanage
Till here Illi thanaka यहाँ तक
Till there Alli thanaka वहाँ तक
Because Ekendare
Small Sanna छोटा
Big Dodda बड़ा
Much Thumba
Page 31 of 71
Less Kadime कम
New Hosa नया
Old Haleya पुराना
Proverb Gaade/Naannudi कहावत
Try Prayathna
Dirty Kolaku
Friend(M/F) Snehitha/Snehithe
Enemy Vairi(Yri)
Salty Uppuppu
In Olage
Out Horage बाहर
After Amele बाद
Before Munche पहले
Ahead Munde आगे
Behind Hindgade पीछे
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Hurry Athyathura/Bega
Slow Nidaana धीरे
Specific place Nischita sthala खास जगह
Morning Belagge सुबह
Evening Sayankaala शाम
Some Kelavu थोड़ा
Just like that Aa thara
Rain male
Duplicate things Nakali vasthugalu /चीज
Approx Andaaju लगभग
My Own Nanna svantha अपना
Food/Meal Oota भोजन/खाना
With me Nanna jothe मेरे साथ
Papers Kagadagalu
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Kannada Class Notes – Miscellaneous
5 Miscellaneous
5.1 Opposites
Mele Up Olage In Kashta Difficult Hecchu More
Kelage Down Horage Out Sulabha Easy Kadime Less
Baa Come Dappa Fat Dodda Big Thegi Open

Hogu Go Sanna Lean Chikka Small Mucchu Close
Hindhe Behind Bisi Hot Kutuko Sit Gidda Short

Mundhe Front Tampu Cold Nuntuko Stand Ethara Tall
Nagu Laugh Sihi Sweet Gatti Hard Labha Profit

Alu Cry Kahi Bitter Mrudhu Soft Nasat Loss
Doora Far Bega Fast Raathri Night Belaku Bright

Hathira Near Nidhana Slow Hagalu Day Kathalu Dark
Sari Right Bhara Heavy Santosha Happy Preethi Love

Thappu Wrong Hagura Light Dukha Sad Dwesha Hate
Hosa New Mitra Friend Bigi Tight Prarambha Start

Haleya Old Shatru Enemy Sadila Loose Mukthaya End
Saku Enough Elli Pull

Beku Want Thalli Push
5.2 Location
Illi Here Alli There
Olage Inside Horage Outside
Dooradalli Over there Ella Dharu Anywhere
Ella Kade Everywhere Mane Home
Ellivu Illa Nowhere
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Dhoora Away
5.3 Courtesy words

Namaskaara - Hello
Shubhadina - Good morning
Shubharaatri - Good night
Hogi barutheeni- Good bye
Dayavittu- Please
Dhanyavada - Thankyou
Thumba Dhanyavadagalu - Thank you very much
Hege Iddira ?- How do you do?
Neevu Hegidheera ? - How are you?
Chennagi Iddini - Very well
Chennagidhene dhanyavadagalu- Very well,thank you
Susvaagatha - Welcome
ShubhashayagaLu- Congratulations
Hrudhayapurvaka shubhashayagalu - Heartly congratulations
Kshamisi ,thada ayitu - Sorry,I am late
5.4 Relations
Amma- -Mother
Appa- -Father
Maga- ಮಗ-Son
Magalu- -Daughter
ANNa- -Elder brother
Akka- - Elder sister
Tamma- -Younger brother
Tangi- -Younger sister
Ajja- -Grandfather
Ajji- -Grandmother
Ganda - ಗಂಡ-Husband
Hendathi- -Wife
Maava- -Uncle/father in law
Atte- -Aunt/mother in law
ALiya- -Son in law
Sose Daughter in law
Chikkappa Father's younger brother /Mother's younger sister's husband
Chikkamma Father's younger brother's wife / Mother's younger sister
Doddappa Father's elder brother / Mother's elder sister's husband
Doddamma Father's elder brother's wife / Mother's elder sister
5.5 Things
Ooru Hometown/Place
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Mane House
Hesaru Name
aagilu Door
Kitak Window
Kurchi Chair
Meju Table
Pustaka Book
Pennu Pen
Pencil Pencil
MaLe Rain
Kathe Story
5.6 Questions
Yaaru Who
Yaavaga When
Yelli Where
Yaake Why
Yenu What
Hege How
5.7 Persons
Naanu Me/I am
Naanage I ,To Me
Nanna My
Neenu You
Neevu You ( with respect )
Namma Ours
Nimma Yours
Avaru He/She ( with respect) ,They / Those people
Ivaru He/She ,This / These
Avanu He
Avalu She
Idu This/It
Adu That
5.8 Months
Month Kannada Kannada English Months
1 caitra March - April
2 vaiśākha April - May
3 , jēṣṭha May - June
4 āṣāḍha June - July
5 śrāvaṇa July - August
6 bhādrapada, August - September
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Month Kannada Kannada English Months

7 āśvīja September - October
8 kārtīka October - November
9 mārgaśira November - December
10 puṣya December - January
11 māgha January - February
12 phālguṇa February - March
5.9 Seasons
348. The year is divided into six seasons.
Seasons Kannada Kannada English Months
spring ವಸಂತ ಋತು vasaṃta ṛtu caitra and vaiśākha
hot season ಋತು grīṣma ṛtu jēṣṭha and āṣāḍha
rainy season ಋತು varṣa ṛtu

śrāvaṇa and
bhādrapada
autumn ಶರದೃತು śaradṛtu āśvīja and kārtīka
winter ಋತು himaṃta ṛtu

mārgaśira and
puṣya
cool season ಋತು śiśira ṛtu

māgha and
phālguṇa
5.10 Parts of the Day

349. The days of 24 English hours is divided into sixty ghalige of 24 minutes each
5.11 Days of the Week

350. The days of the week are called after the planets.
Day Kannada Kannada From
* bhānuvāra bhānu, Sun
Sunday
ravivāra ravi, Sun
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ādityavāra āditya, Sun
* ādivāra ādi, First
* sōmavāra sōma, Moon
Monday iṃduvāra ಇಂದು iṃdu, Moon
caṃdravāra caṃdra, Moon
* maṃgalavāra ಮಂಗಲ maṃgala, Mars
kujavāra ಕುಜ kuja, Mars
Tuesday
aṃgāraka,
aṃgārakavāra
Mars
bhaumavāra bhauma, Mars
* budhavāra ಬುಧ budha, Mercury
Wednesday
saumya,
saumyavāra
Mercury
* bṛhaspati,
bṛhaspativāra
Thursday ರ Jupiter
guruvāra ಗುರು guru, Jupiter
* śukravāra śukra, Venus
Friday
bhārgava,
bhārgavavāra
Venus
Saturday * śanivāra śani, Saturn
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sthiravāra sthira, Saturn
maṃdavāra ಮಂದ maṃda, Saturn
* These are generally used.
5.12 Time of the Day
Iga Now Bellige Morning
Madhyana Afternoon Sanje / Sayankala Evening
Raathri Night Aamele After
Aadhmele Afterwards Mathu And
Mathe Again
5.13 Day, Week, Month, Year

Ivathu / Eedina Today
Naale Tomorrow Naalidhu Day after Tomorrow
Day before
Nenne Yesterday Munne
Yesterday
Dina Day Vaara Week
Thingalu Month Varsha Year
5.14 Here, There and Everywhere

Illi Here Alli There
Idhu This Adhu That
Ivu These Avu Those
5.15 Relatives
Appa / Thande Father Amma Thangi Mother
Anna Elder Brother Akka Elder Sister
Thamma Younger Brother Thangi Younger Sister
Maga Son Magalu Daughter
Ajja Grand Father Ajji Grand Mother
Ganda Husband Hendathi Wife
Maava Uncle / F –in law Atte Aunt / M in law
cikkappa F / M younger bro chikkamma F / M younger sis
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doddappa F / M elder bro doddamma F / M elder sis
5.16 Colours – Banna

Kempu Red
Haladi Yellow
Kappu Black
Bili White
Hasiru Green
Neeli Blue
Kandhu Brown
Bhoodhu Ash Grey
Kesari Saffron
Kittale Orange
Gulabi Pink
Herle Purple
Gaada Dark
Thelu Ligh
5.17 Vegetables – Tharakaari

Eerulli Onion
Bellulli Garlic
Shunti Ginger
Alugadde Potato
Hurali kaayi Beans
Southe kaayi Cucumber
Bende kaayi Ladies finder
Badhane kaayi Brinjal
Hasimenasina kaayi Green Chilly
Karibevina soppu Bay leaves
Kothambari soppu Coriander leaves
5.18 Fruits – Hannugalu

Sebu Apple
Kitthale Orange
Moosambi Sweet Lime
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Dhraakshi Grapes
Maavina hannu Mango
Sapota Chikku
Seethafala Custard Apple
Seebe hannu Guava
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Kannada Class Notes – Cases
6 Cases - Vibhakti Pratyaya

ekavachana – bahuvachana –
Cases vibhakti - Examples - Kannada Examples - English
Singular Plural
naanu hudugi – indicates the subject of a finite verb
Nominative prathama – first Naanu Naavu
I am girl We went to the store.
avanu nannannu karedanu – indicates the direct object of a verb:
Accusative dviteeya – second Nannannu nammannu
he called me The clerk remembered us
nanninda idannu maadalu indicates an object used in performing an action:
Instrumental triteeya – third nanninda namminda saadhyavilla – We wiped the floor with a mop. and Written by
this could not be done from me hand
indicates the indirect object of a verb:
nanage neeru beku –
Dative chaturthi – fourth nanage namage The clerk gave us a discount. or The clerk gave a
I want water
discount to us
indicates movement from something, or cause:
nanna deseyinda heege aayithu The victim went from us to see the doctor. and He
Ablative panchami – fifth Nanna deseyinda Namma deseyinda
– This happened because of me was unhappy because of depression.
which roughly corresponds to English's possessive

Possesive case and preposition of, indicates the possessor of
idu nanna pustaka –
shashti – sixth nanna namma another noun:
Genitive this book is mine
John's book was on the table. and The pages of the
book turned yellow
nannalli enide? – indicates a location:
Locative saptami – seventh nannalli nammalli
what is there in me? We live in China.
Sambodhane - indicates an addressee: John, are you all right? or
Vocative
eight simply Hello, John!
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Kannada Class Notes – Cases
The eight historical Indo-European cases are as follows, with examples either of the English case or of the English syntactic alternative to case:
 The nominative case indicates the subject of a finite verb: We went to the store.
 The accusative case indicates the direct object of a verb: The clerk remembered us.
 The dative case indicates the indirect object of a verb: The clerk gave us a discount. or The clerk gave a discount to us.
 The ablative case indicates movement from something, or cause: The victim went from us to see the doctor. and He was unhappy because of
depression.
 The genitive case, which roughly corresponds to English's possessive case and preposition of, indicates the possessor of another noun: John's book
was on the table. and The pages of the book turned yellow.
 The vocative case indicates an addressee: John, are you all right? or simply Hello, John!
 The locative case indicates a location: We live in China.
 The instrumental case indicates an object used in performing an action: We wiped the floor with a mop. and Written by hand.
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Cases – Historical
7 Cases - Historical
The eight historical Indo-European cases are as follows, with examples either of the English case or of the English syntactic alternative to case:
Cases for Nouns
1 Nominative Case indicates the subject of a finite verb We went to the store.
2 Accusative Case indicates the direct object of a verb: The clerk remembered us.
3 Dative Case indicates the indirect object of a verb The clerk gave us a discount. or The clerk gave a discount to us
4 Ablative Case indicates movement from something, or cause: The victim went from us to see the doctor. and He was
unhappy because of depression.
5 Genitive Case which roughly corresponds to English's possessive case John's book was on the table. and The pages of the book turned
and preposition of, indicates the possessor of another noun yellow.
6 Vocative Case indicates an addressee: John, are you all right? or simply Hello, John!
7 Locative case indicates a location We live in China
8 Instrumental Case indicates an object used in performing an action We wiped the floor with a mop. and Written by hand
All of the above are just rough descriptions; the precise distinctions vary from language to language, and are often quite complex. Case is based
fundamentally on changes to the noun to indicate the noun's role in the sentence. This is not how English works, where word order and prepositions are
used to achieve this.
Modern English has largely abandoned the inflectional case system of Indo-European in favor of analytic constructions. The personal pronouns of Modern
English retain morphological case more strongly than any other word class (a remnant of the more extensive case system of Old English). For other
pronouns, and all nouns, adjectives, and articles, grammatical function is indicated only by word order, by prepositions, and by the genitive clitic -'s.
Taken as a whole, English personal pronouns are typically said to have three morphological cases:
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Cases – Historical
Cases for Personal Pronouns
1 Nominative Case (Subjective Pronouns) such as I, he, she, we), used for the subject of a finite verb and sometimes for the complement of
a copula.
2 Oblique Case (Objective Pronouns) such as me, him, her, us), used for the direct or indirect object of a verb, for the object of a preposition,
for an absolute disjunct, and sometimes for the complement of a copula.
3 Genitive Case (Possessive Pronouns) such as my/mine, his, her(s), our(s)), used for a grammatical possessor. This is not always considered
to be a case
See English possessive: Status of the possessive as a grammatical case.

Most English personal pronouns have five forms; in addition to the nominative and oblique case forms, the possessive case has both a determiner form (such
as my, our) and a distinct independent form (such as mine, ours) (with the exceptions that these are not distinct for the third person singular masculine [his
car, it is his] and that the third person singular neuter it does not have the possessive independent form); and they have a distinct reflexive or intensive form
(such as myself, ourselves). The interrogative personal pronoun who exhibits the greatest diversity of forms within the modern English pronoun system having
definite nominative, oblique, and genitive forms (who, whom, whose) and equivalently coordinating indefinite forms (whoever, whomever, and whosoever).
Though English pronouns can have subject and object forms (he/him, she/her), nouns show only a singular/plural and a possessive/non-possessive
distinction (e.g., chair,chairs, chair's, chairs'). Note that chair does not change form between "the chair is here" (subject) and "I saw the chair" (direct object), a
distinction made by word order and context.
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Cases – Latin 112/113
8 Cases - Latin 112/113:

8.1.1.1 For further discussion see the relevant entries in the "Glossary of English-Latin Grammar" on pp. xvii-xxiii of
the Reading Latin grammar.
In Latin, word order is not nearly so central to meaning as it is in English: the grammatical function of an individual noun or
pronoun in Latin is indicated by its form rather than by its position within the sentence. (Contrast English, where "The man bit
the dog" is quite a different thing from "The dog bit the man." On the other hand, modern English still retains some elements of
such a system: that is why one must say, "I go to the store" rather than "Me go to the store.")
Each of the various functions performed by nouns or pronouns in a Latin sentence is associated with one of six cases (the
nominative case, the accusative case, the genitive case, the dative case, the ablative case, and the vocative case) and, according
to the nature of the particular noun or pronoun, each case takes a particular form (as in the difference between English "I" and
"me"). The case of the noun or pronoun, as indicated by its particular form, will tell you whether the noun is the subject of the
sentence (the person or thing performing the action or, in more general terms, the subject under discussion: e.g., in the example
above, whether the dog or the man is doing the biting), thedirect object (the person or thing receiving the action: in the example
above, just who is being bitten), the indirect object, etc.
Below is a brief outline of the basic grammatical functions associated with each case. Over the course of the year, you will need
to develop a more nuanced sense of how each of the cases functions, but this outline should provide you with an initial general
guide to how they tend to be used and the contexts in which they tend to appear. [FN 1]
8.2 The Nominative Case (Nom.)
o Names the subject of the sentence — i.e., the person or thing performing the action or under discussion. Tends
to answer the question, "Who/what did it?"
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o In English, the subject of the sentence tends to come first: the main exception are questions, where the
interrogative word tends to be placed first for emphasis.
 Examples:
 The lions killed the gazelle.
 The crowd went wild.
 The girls were frightened.
 Jim has been sent to Paris.
 Whom did he kill?
o The nominative case is also used when another noun, pronoun, or adjective refers back to the subject of the
sentence. A good example of this is the complement after the verb "to be."
 Example:
 Jim is president of our club. (Both "Jim" and "president" refer to the subject of the sentence, so both
would be in the nominative case.)
o As a rule of thumb, the nominative will be used whenever you are referring to the subject of the sentence.
8.3 The Accusative Case (Acc.)
o The accusative case in Latin is associated with three main functions:
a. Names the direct object — the person or thing towards which the action of a transitive verb is directed.
 Examples:
 The lions killed the gazelle.
 Jim assigned homework to the class.
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 This is the most common use of the accusative. Note that, generally speaking, leaving out the direct
object will leave you without a complete thought: in the second example above, the statement, "Jim
assigned," doesn't mean very much.
b. Names the goal of motion — the person or thing towards which one is moving.
 Examples:
 Jim went to the store.
 She ran toward the house.
 We approached the girls.
 It is perhaps useful to imagine the accusative in this sense as a wall toward which one is heading.
 In a sense, this use is very like the use of the accusative to indicate the direct object: in each instance
the accusative names that person or thing toward which the action is aimed.
c. Indicates the extent to which an action endures, in either temporal or geographical terms.
 Examples:
 He slept for three days.
 We ran six miles.
 In each instance, the accusative indicates that the action endured without a break: i.e., for three
whole days and for six continuous miles.
 It is perhaps useful to imagine the accusative in this sense as a line, indicating the space —
geographical or chronological — throughout which the action endures.
8.4 The Genitive Case (Gen.)
The genitive is best thought of as the "adjectival" case: it is used when one wishes to employ one noun to specify
something about another. There are many different specific uses of the genitive, but most of them will be translated into
English through the use of the preposition "of."
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 Examples:
 Dorothy and the Scarecrow found a man of tin. (The genitive of material. Notice how "of tin" uses
the noun "tin" to describe the man in more detail: one could just as easily have employed "tin" as an
adjective instead ["a tin man"].)
 A person of great intelligence (i.e., "an intelligent person": the genitive of quality or descriptive
genitive)
 The house of Euclio [= "Euclio's house"] (the possessive genitive: a very common use)
 Three of us (the partitive genitive)
 The love of God is not earned but is granted freely. (A subjective genitive: it implies the notion that
"God loves," where "God" is the subject of the verb implied by the abstract verbal noun "love.")
 The love of fine wines killed him. (An objective genitive: it implies the notion that "he loved fine
wines," where "fine wines" is the object of the verb implied by the abstract verbal noun "love.")
 He accuses me of theft. (the genitive of the charge)
8.5 The Dative Case (Dat.)
The dative case is in some ways the most abstract of the cases and one of the hardest for English speakers to
conceptualize. In general, the dative indicates a person or thing who is somehow interested in or affected by the action in
some immediate way.
Consistently, the dative will be translated via the English "to" or "for."
The most concrete (and most common) use of the dative is to indicate the indirect object.
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 Example:
 He gave the pot to Euclio. (Here, "he" is the subject and "pot" is the direct object; "to Euclio"
indicates the person in whose interest the action was conducted.)
 Warning: English speakers, hearing the word "to," will immediately make an association with the idea of
motion. But motion toward something, as we have seen, is the province of the accusative case: the dative
is never used to indicate the goal of motion except in poetic texts (and even there it doesn't literally
indicate motion but rather implies it). In Latin, the sentence in the above example indicates that the action
was undertaken in Euclio's interest or to his advantage or in some way that affected him. The best way to
illustrate this is to consider some other examples:
 He took the pot from Euclio. (Here, "from Euclio" would again be in the dative in Latin, indicating
that the action immediately concerned Euclio, this time to his disadvantage. As we will see below, if
the Roman speaker wanted to say literally that the person removed the pot from Euclio's vicinity,
he/she would employ the ablative case.)
 This is difficult for me (i.e., so far as I am concerned).
 He seemed to me to be a fool.
The most abstract use of the dative is the so-called ethical dative, which indicates that the statement is offered for
someone's consideration (often, but not always, with an implication of irony or indignation) or as something that concerns
him/her. Modern English readers would perhaps be most likely to run into this dative in the works of Shakespeare or other
Elizabethan authors.
 Example:
 I am not yet of Percy's mind, the Hotspur of the North; he that kills me some six or seven dozen of
Scots at a breakfast, washes his hands, and says to his wife, 'Fie upon this quiet life! I want work.' (I
Henry IV II.iv.113-15)
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 at tibi repente venit ad me Caninius. ["But — I tell you!/Can you believe it?! — Caninius suddenly
came to me!"]
8.6 The Ablative Case (Abl.)
The ablative case in Latin is associated with three main functions:
. The "true" ablative, indicating separation (as the name implies)
 Examples:
 She departed from the station.
 They got out of town.
 Note that, as in the second example, the idea of separation is often associated with the genitive in
English: hence the use of the word "of." Latin consistently employs the ablative in contexts where
the idea of separation is implied. (For an apparent exception, see above on the so-called "dative of
disadvantage.")
a. The ablative used to indicate location in a specific spot or a rigorously defined area
 Examples:
 They are in the house.
 We sat on the chair.
 He slept under the bench.
 It is perhaps useful to imagine the ablative in this sense as a specific point or as a point within a well-
defined region.
b. The ablative indicating instrument (or means) or accompaniment
 Examples:
 They hit me with a stick. (instrument/means)
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 I do not write well with a pencil. (instrument/means)

 We went to the store with our friends. (accompaniment)
 He sang with great gusto. (accompaniment: the ablative of manner)
 We will find that, where English employs "with" in each of the above sentences, the Latin involves
quite distinct constructions.
8.7 The Vocative Case (Voc.)
The vocative case is used to address someone or something directly.
Such addresses stand outside of the construction of the sentence and are really a type of interjection.
The vocative is easily recognized: it generally looks exactly like the nominative (the main exception: the vocative singular
of second-declension nouns in -us) and is separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.
 Examples:
 Get over here, Jim!
 Jim, you have got to be the laziest person on the planet.
 Jim, they're over here! (Here "Jim" is quite clearly a cry to get Jim's attention, since "Jim" plays no
role in the sentence proper.)
 Have you seen the neighbor's cat, Jim? (where it is assumed that the neighbor's cat is not named
Jim)
9 Note on Prepositions
A number of the above case usages involve the use of prepositional phrases in English — that is, the English translation
employs a combination of a preposition and a noun ("to the store," "of tin," "for me," "in the house," "with a stick," etc.).
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Latin also uses prepositions, but not as extensively as does English. Often the use of a noun in a specific case all by itself
will indicate a notion that in modern English requires a prepositional phrase. That is, the case of the noun all by itself, in
accordance with the principles set out above, conveys the sense of the modern English prepositional phrase.
English once had such usages but dropped them for the most part. Consider the following expressions:
 here (= "at this place")

 hither (= "to this place")
 hence (= "from this place")
 there (= "at that place")

 thither (= "to that place")
 thence (= "from that place")
where (= "at what place")

 whither (= "to what place")
 whence (= "from what place")
When Latin does employ a prepositional phrase, the preposition in effect merely reinforces the sense that is already
inherent, in some fashion, in the form of the noun itself
10 Kannada Alphabets (Vowels, Consonants, Ligatures, Secondary Forms, Marathi Varnmala
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Vowels
◌ಾ ◌ಿ ◌ೀ ◌ು
अ ಅ a आ ಆ ā ए ಇ i ई ಈ ī उ ಉ u
◌ೂ ◌ೃ ◌ೆ ◌ೇ ◌ೈ
ऊಊū ಋṛ एಎe ऍಏē ऐ ಐ ai

◌ೊ ◌ೋ ◌ೌ
ओಒo ऑಓō ऒ ಔ au ◌ಂ ṃ ◌ಃ ḥ
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Consonants
ಕ ka ಖ kha ಗ ga ಘ gha ಙ ṅa
ಚ ca ಛ cha ಜ ja ಝ jha ಞ ña
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Consonants
ಟ ṭa ಠ ṭha ಡ ḍa ಢ ḍha ಣ ṇa
ತ ta ಥ tha ದ da ಧ dha ನ na
ಪ pa ಫ pha ಬ ba ಭ bha ಮ ma
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Consonants
ಯ ರ ra ಲ la ವ va ಶ śa ಷ ṣa
ya
ಸ sa ಹ ha ಳ ḷa
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Ligatures
ಅ ಆā ಇi ಈī ಉu ಊū ಋṛ ಎe ಏē ಐ ai ಒo ಓō ಔ au ◌ಂ (ṃ) ◌ಃ (ḥ)
1 ಕ ka kā ki kī ಕು ku ಕೂ kū ಕೃ kṛ ke kē kai ko kō kau ಕಂ kaṃ ಕಃ kaḥ
2 ಖ kha khā khi khī ಖು khu ಖೂ khū ಖೃ khṛ khe khē khai kho khō khau ಖಂ khaṃ ಖಃ khaḥ
3 ಗ ga gā gi gī ಗು gu ಗೂ gū ಗೃ gṛ ge gē gai go gō gau ಗಂ gaṃ ಗಃ gaḥ
4 ಘ gha ghā ghi ghī ghu ಘೂ ghū ghṛ ghe ghē ghai gho ghō ghau ಘಂ ghaṃ ಘಃ ghaḥ
5 ಙ ṅa ṅā ṅi ṅī ಙು ṅu ಙೂ ṅū ಙೃ ṅṛ ṅe ṅē ṅai ṅo ṅō ṅau ಙಂ ṅaṃ ಙಃ ṅaḥ
6 ಚ ca cā ci cī ಚು cu ಚೂ cū ಚೃ cṛ ce cē cai co cō cau ಚಂ caṃ ಚಃ caḥ
7 ಛ cha chā chi chī ಛು chu ಛೂ chū ಛೃ chṛ che chē chai cho chō chau ಚಂ chaṃ ಚಃ chaḥ
8 ಜ ja jā ji jī ಜು ju ಜೂ jū ಜೃ jṛ je jē jai jo jō jau ಜಂ jaṃ ಜಃ jaḥ
9 ಝ jha jhā jhi jhī ಝು jhu ಝೂ jhū ಝೃ jhṛ jhe jhē jhai jho jhō jhau ಝಂ jhaṃ ಝಃ jhaḥ
10 ಞ ña ñā ñi ñī ñu ñū ಞೃ ñṛ ñe ñē ñai ño ñō ñau ಞಂ ñaṃ ಞಃ ñaḥ
11 ಟ ṭa ṭā ṭi ṭī ಟು ṭu ಟೂ ṭū ಟೃ ṭṛ ṭe ṭē ṭai ṭo ṭō ṭau ಟಂ ṭaṃ ಟಃ ṭaḥ
12 ಠ ṭha ṭhā ṭhi ṭhī ಠು ṭhu ಠೂ ṭhū ಠೃ ṭhṛ ṭhe ṭhē ṭhai ṭho ṭhō ṭhau ಠಂ ṭhaṃ ಠಃ ṭhaḥ
13 ಡ ḍa ḍā ḍi ḍī ಡು ḍu ಡೂ ḍū ಡೃ ḍṛ ḍe ḍē ḍai ḍo ḍō ḍau ಡಂ ḍaṃ ಡಃ ḍaḥ
14 ಢ 15ḍha ḍhā ḍhi ḍhī ಢು ḍhu ಢೂ ḍhū ಢೃ ḍhṛ ḍhe ḍhē ḍhai ḍho ḍhō ḍhau ಢಂ ḍhaṃ ಢಃ ḍhaḥ
15 ಣ ṇa ṇā ṇi ṇī ಣು ṇu ಣೂ ṇū ಣೃ ṇṛ ṇe ṇē ṇai ṇo ṇō ṇau ಣಂ ṇaṃ ಣಃ ṇaḥ
16 ತ ta tā ti tī ತು tu ತೂ tū ತೃ tṛ te tē tai to tō tau ತಂ taṃ ತಃ taḥ
17 ಥ tha thā thi thī ಥು thu ಥೂ thū ಥೃ thṛ the thē thai tho thō thau ಥಂ thaṃ ಥಃ thaḥ
18 ದ da dā di dī ದು du ದೂ dū ದೃ dṛ de dē dai do dō dau ದಂ daṃ ದಃ daḥ
Page 58 of 71
Ligatures
ಅ ಆā ಇi ಈī ಉu ಊū ಋṛ ಎe ಏē ಐ ai ಒo ಓō ಔ au ◌ಂ (ṃ) ◌ಃ (ḥ)
19 ಧ dha dhā dhi dhī ಧು dhu ಧೂ dhū ಧೃ dhṛ dhe dhē dhai dho dhō dhau ಧಂ dhaṃ ಧಃ dhaḥ
20 ನ na nā ni nī ನು nu ನೂ nū ನೃ nṛ ne nē nai no nō nau ನಂ naṃ ನಃ naḥ
21 ಪ pa pā pi pī pu pū ಪೃ pṛ pe pē pai po pō pau ಪಂ paṃ ಪಃ paḥ
22 ಫ pha phā phi phī phu phū ಫೃ phṛ phe phē phai pho phō phau ಫಂ phaṃ ಫಃ phaḥ
23 ಬ ba bā bi bī ಬು bu ಬೂ bū ಬೃ bṛ be bē bai bo bō bau ಬಂ baṃ ಬಃ baḥ
24 ಭ bha bhā bhi bhī ಭು bhu ಭೂ bhū ಭೃ bhṛ bhe bhē bhai bho bhō bhau ಭಂ bhaṃ ಭಃ bhaḥ
25 ಮ ma mā mi ṃī ಮು mu ಮೂ mū ಮೃ mṛ me mē mai mo mō mau ಮಂ maṃ ಮಃ maḥ
26 ಯ ya yā yi yī ಯು yu ಯೂ yū ಯೃ yṛ ye yē yai yo yō yau ಯಂ yaṃ ಜಃ yaḥ
27 ರ ra rā ri rī ರು ru ರೂ rū ರೃ rṛ re rē rai ro rō rau ರಂ raṃ ರಃ raḥ
28 ಱ ṟa ṟā ṟi ṟī ಱು ṟu ಱೂ ṟū ಱೃ ṟṛ ṟe ṟē ṟai ṟo ṟō ṟau ಱಂ ṟaṃ ಱಃ ṟaḥ
29 ಲ la lā li lī ಲು lu ಲೂ lū ಲೃ lṛ le lē lai lo lō lau ಲಂ laṃ ಲಃ laḥ
30 ವ va vā vi vī vu vū ವೃ vṛ ve vē vai vo vō vau ವಂ vaṃ ವಃ vaḥ
31 ಶ śa śā śi śī ಶು śu śū ಶೃ śṛ śe śē śai śo śō śau ಶಂ śaṃ ಶಃ śaḥ
32 ಷ ṣa ṣā ṣi ṣī ಷು ṣu ಷೂ ṣū ಷೃ ṣṛ ṣe ṣē ṣai ṣo ṣō ṣau ಷಂ ṣaṃ ಷಃ ṣaḥ
33 ಸ sa sā si sī ಸು su ಸೂ sū ಸೃ sṛ se sē sai so sō sau ಸಂ saṃ ಸಃ saḥ
34 ಹ ha hā hi hī ಹು hu ಹೂ hū ಹೃ hṛ he hē hai ho hō hau ಹಂ haṃ ಹಃ haḥ
35 ಳ ḷa ḷā ḷi ḷī ḷu ḷū ḷṛ ḷe ḷē ḷai ḷo ḷō ḷau ಳಂ ḷaṃ ಳಃ ḷaḥ
36 ೞ ḻa ḻā ḻi ḻī ೞು ḻu ೞೂ ḻū ೞೃ ḻṛ ḻe ḻē ḻai ḻo ḻō ḻau ೞಂ ḻaṃ ೞಃ ḻaḥ
Page 59 of 71
Secondary Forms
Initial forms Secondary forms

a ಅ inherent
◌ಾ
ā ಆ
◌ಿ
i ಇ
◌ೀ
ī ಈ
◌ು
u ಉ
◌ೂ
ū ಊ
◌ೃ
ṛ ಋ
◌ೄ
ṛ ೠ
ಌ
ḷ ಌ
Page 60 of 71
Secondary Forms
Initial forms Secondary forms

ೡ
ḷ ೡ
◌ೆ
e ಎ
◌ೇ
ē ಏ
◌ೈ
ai ಐ
◌ೊ
o ಒ
◌ೋ
ō ಓ
◌ೌ
au ಔ
Page 61 of 71
Marathi Varnmala
Click on the Alphabets below to see what each alphabet stands for.
Page 62 of 71
Page 63 of 71
Numbers
11 Cardinal Numbers
English Kannada Kannada English
Numerals Numerals Numerals Word Pronunciation
1 ೧ ಒಂದು oṃdu
2 ೨ ಎರಡು eraḍu
3 ೩ ಮೂರು mūru
4 ೪ nālku
5 ೫ ಐದು aidu
6 ೬ ಆರು āru
7 ೭ ēḷu
8 ೮ ಎಂಟು eṃṭu
9 ೯ oṃbhattu
10 ೧೦ hattu
11 ೧೧ hannoṃdu
12 ೧೨ hanneraḍu
13 ೧೩ hadimūru
14 ೧೪ hadinālku
15 ೧೫ hadinaidu
16 ೧೬ hadināru
17 ೧೭ hadinēḷu
P a g e | 64 of 71
Numbers

18 ೧೮ hadineṃṭu
19 ೧೯ hattoṃbhattu
20 ೨೦ ippattu
21 ೨೧ ippattoṃdu
22 ೨೨ ippatteraḍu
23 ೨೩ ippattumūru
24 ೨೪ ippattunālku
25 ೨೫ ippattaidu
26 ೨೬ ippattāru
27 ೨೭ ippattēḷu
28 ೨೮ ippatteṃṭu
29 ೨೯ ippattoṃbhattu
30 ೩೦ mūvattu
40 ೪೦ nālvattu
50 ೫೦ aivattu
60 ೬೦ aravattu
70 ೭೦ eppattu
80 ೮೦ eṃbhattu
P a g e | 65 of 71
Numbers

90 ೯೦ toṃbhattu
100 ೧೦೦ ನೂರು nūru
101 ೧೦೧ nūroṃdu
110 ೧೧೦ nūrāhattu
200 ೨೦೦ innūru

300 ೩೦೦ munnūru
400 ೪೦೦ nānūru
500 ೫೦೦ ಐನೂರು ainūru
600 ೬೦೦ ಆರುನೂರು ārunūru
700 ೭೦೦ ēḷnūru
800 ೮೦೦ ಎಂಟುನೂರು eṃṭunūru
900 ೯೦೦ oṃbhayinūru
1000 ೧.೦೦೦ sāvira
1001 ೧.೦೦೧ sāviradoṃdu
1010 ೧.೦೧೦ sāviradahattu
1100 ೧೧೦೦ sāviradanūru
10.000 ೧೦.೦೦ hattusāvira
100.000 ೧.೦೦.೦೦೦ lakṣa
P a g e | 66 of 71
Numbers

೧.೦೦.೦೦.೦
10.000.000 kōṭi
೦೦
P a g e | 67 of 71
Numbers
12 Ordinal Numbers
Ordinal numbers. The ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix anē, to the
Cardinal numbers.
English Kannada Kannada English Numeral

Numerals Numerals Numerals Word Word
oṃdanē
modalanē
೧ 1st.
eraḍanē ೨ 2nd.
mūranē ೩ 3rd.
nālkanē ೪ 4th.
&c. &c. &c. &c.
P a g e | 68 of 71
Numbers
13 Fractions
The principal fractions with their signs are
English Kannada Kannada Fractions

English Fractions Word
Fractions Fractions Word
1/16 vīsa
1/8 bēḷe
¼ kālu
½ are
¾ mukkālu
P a g e | 69 of 71
Months, Seasons, Parts of the Day, Days of the Week
P a g e | 70 of 71
P a g e | 71 of 71

Kannada Class Notes

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Kannada Class Notes

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Kannada Class Notes

8.2 The Nominative Case (Nom.)................................................................................46

(1) Singular (Ekavachana) and

First Nominative prathama

Second Accusative dviteeya

Third Instrumental triteeya

Fourth Dative chaturthi

fifth Ablative panchami

Sixth Possesive / Genitive shashti

Seventh Locative saptami

Eight Vocative Sambodhane

2 Pronouns – (I, You, We, He, She & It)

MALE FEMALE MALE / FEMALE

3 Verbs – Conjugation (Past, Present & Future Tense)

3 Verbs – Conjugation (Past, Present & Future Tense)

3 Verbs – Conjugation (Past, Present & Future Tense)

3 Verbs – Conjugation (Past, Present & Future Tense)

3 Verbs – Conjugation (Past, Present & Future Tense)

3 Verbs – Conjugation (Past, Present & Future Tense)

3 Verbs – Conjugation (Past, Present & Future Tense)

3 Verbs – Conjugation (Past, Present & Future Tense)

3 Verbs – Conjugation (Past, Present & Future Tense)

4 Quick Samadhan – English / Kannada / Hindi / Use

ENGLISH KANNADA HINDI USE

To come Baralu आना Baa/ Banni (respect)

To fly Haralu उडना Haaru/ Haari (respect)

To boil Bisi madalu उबालना Bisi maadu/ Bisi maadi (respect)

To do Maadalu करना Maadu/ Maadi (respect)

To say, to tell Helalu कहना Helu/ Heli (respect)

To try Prayathna padalu Prayathna padi (respect)

To bite Kacchalu काटना Kacchu

To cut Kattarisu काटना Kattarisu/ Kattharisi (respect)

To jump Hegaralu कूदना Hegaru/ Hegari (respect)

To buy Kondu kollalu Konduko

ENGLISH KANNADA HINDI USE

To eat Thinnalu खाना Thinnu/ thinni (respect)

To pull, to drag Eleyalu खींचना Eli

To play Aadalu खेलना Aata aadu (play game)

To lose Kaleduko खोना Kaledu hoyitu (I lost)

To seek Thilidukollalu खोजना Thiliduko/

To open Thereyalu खोलना Thegi/thegeyiri (respect)

To sing Haadalu गाना Haadu (song/sing)

To count Enisalu Duddu Enisu (count money)

To like Ishtapadu चाहना Nana ishta(I like)

To shout, Kiruchu, Kiruchabeda (Don’t shout)

ENGLISH KANNADA HINDI USE

To kiss Mutthu kodalu. चूमना Mutthu kodu (Give kiss)

To burn Sudalu जलना Benki suduttade (Fire burns)

To awake Elisalu जगना Avanannu elisu (wake him)

To go Hogalu जाना Neenu hogu (You go)

To know Thiliyalu जानना Adannu thiliduko (Know it)

To win Gellalu जीतना Naanu gedde (I won)

ENGLISH KANNADA HINDI USE

To swim Eejadalu तैरना Avanu eejaduttane(He will swim)

To tire Susthagu थकना Avarige susthayitu(He became tired)

To show Thorisalu Avanige Thorisu (show him)

To give Kodalu दे ना Avanige kodalu (to give him)

To run Odalu दौड़ना Odu (run)

To push Thollalu Avanannu thollu (Push him)

To wash Tholeyalu धोना Paathre tholi (wash vessels)

To dance Nruthya madalu नाचना Nruthya madu (Dance)

To take bath Snaana madalu नहाना Snaana madu (take bath)

To breakfast Thindige Naanu thindige hogthini (I will go for breakfast)

ENGLISH KANNADA HINDI USE

To catch Hidiyalu पकड़ना Kallanannu hidi (catch thief)

To read Odalu पढना Pusthaka odu (Read book)

To reach Seralu पहुं चना Bega seru(reach fast)