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Casio fx-991ES Calculator

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TSR Wiki > Study Help > Subjects and Revision > Subject Guides > Mathematics >
Making the most of your Casio FX-991ES Calculator American Football Talk

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A lot of people own an FX-991ES, but I've found that very few of them realise how
powerful this unassuming little calculator actually is. Here's a (not entirely Look for uni courses on TSR
comprehensive) guide to getting the best out of the Casio fx-991ES. The guide
assumes basic knowledge of how to get around the calculator (changing mode,
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changing from degrees to radians, memory etc). For more information, consult the
manual. Any aviators/aviators-to-be here?

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Contents
Do you smoke? If so, why?
1 Mode 1: C OMP
1.1 Definite Integration graphic calculator radian mode?????
1.2 Numerical Differentiation
1.3 The C ALC Button
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1.4 The SOLVE Operation English coursework help
1.5 Summation
2 Mode 2: C MPLX Magdalene College (Cambridge) Students and
Applicants
3 Mode 3: STAT
4 Mode 5: EQN guy only speaks to me when with his mates
4.1 Simultaneous Equations
4.2 Quadratic and C ubic Equations The FIFA Thread
5 Mode 6: MATRIX
see more
5.1 Adding Matrices
5.2 Scalar Multiplication
5.3 Matrix multiplication
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5.4 Transpose Matrix
5.5 Inverse of Matrix 1st
6 Mode 7: TABLE
2:1
7 Mode 8: VEC TOR
7.1 Adding Vectors 2:2
7.2 The C ross Product 3rd
7.3 The Dot Product
Other
7.4 Magnitude
8 Unit C onversion
9 Scientific C onstants vote now

Mode 1: COMP Uses Of Plant Hormones In Agriculture

This is the mode you'll be using most of the time. It's probably the most versatile see more
mode, giving you the options of definite calculus, calculation of functions and a
rudimentary equation solver. Unless otherwise specified, this guide will be using
MathIO, (Shift/MODE/1), Norm1 (Shift/MODE/8/1).

Definite Integration

It must be noted that integration can only be performed with respect to x. To

perform definite integration, first press the button. This will bring up an

integral sign, with blanks for the upper and lower limits and the integrand, and a

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11/19/2015 Making the Most of your Casio fx-991ES Calculator - The Student Room
'dx' at the end. The cursor will be flashing for you to enter the integrand (in terms
of x), using ALPHA - for example, . Once you have entered your
integrand, input your upper and lower limits by scrolling up and down using the
REPLAY/directional arrow buttons. Press [=], and it'll perform the integration,
giving the answer as a fraction if appropriate.

Numerical Differentiation

Again, this can only be performed with respect to x. The calculator will, given f(x),

calculate f'(x) for a particular value of x. Press SHIFT/ (that is, ). This will

bring up something that looks a bit like this: . Enter f(x), and scroll

right to enter the value of x at which you want to calculate the gradient. Press [=].

The CALC Button

This allows you to calculate the value of a function (of up to 7 variables) at a
particular value of each variable. At a blank screen, enter your function in terms of
the variables (using ALPHA) - e.g. . Press CALC. Prompts will appear
for you to enter values of your variables. Don't worry if there's already a value
displayed - this is just the most recent value that has been stored as that letter.
Simply enter your value (in terms of pi, ln, log, fractions...) and press [=]. You will
have to repeat this for each variable. The final press of [=] will calculate the value
of the function.

The SOLVE Operation

This will solve most equations that you throw at it - with a few catches. The first
major catch is that it only ever returns one solution - so if you're trying to find x
with an equation in x^2, you're better off in equation mode, however multiple
values can be found. The second catch is that you can only ever solve for one
variable at a time - entering multiple variables will cause the calculator to prompt
you to enter specific values for each of those variables save for x (or the one
you've specified (by adding, say, ",Y" to the end of the equation). The third catch
is that if your equation is rather complicated, it can take a very long time to solve
accurately. The fourth catch is that it will only ever give you a solution as an
integer or decimal.

I'll deal only with equations in terms of x, as doing it this way saves a few
keypresses, and potentially a lot of valuable time. Enter the equation you want to
solve, using ALPHA. It is not necessary for this to be in the form f(x) = 0. For
example, . Then press SHIFT/CALC (SOLVE). The calculator will
then display "Solve for X", along with the current value of X in memory (this can
generally be ignored - see below). Press [=] again, and it'll come up with this:

What this means is that for , 3X + 2 - 6X = 0. "L - R" gives you an idea of
the accuracy of the calculator's solution. In most cases , it'll be exact (assuming
you have the sense to change recurring decimals into fractions).

If your equation has more than one solution there is a way in finding them take
and you press solve, the screen you then see is if you type in
a value the calculator will solve your equation giving you an answer nearest to the
value you entered so for the example above, if you entered 80 as your value your
answer will be 90, then when you solve it again and enter 250 as your value your
answer will be 270

Summation
This allows you to calculate the sum of a series between two terms. The method
for this is essentially the same as that for integration. To access the summation

function, press SHIFT/ ( ).

Mode 2: CMPLX
In complex mode, the calculator is able to perform all expected calculations

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involving complex numbers. The ENG button (left of the open brackets button)
becomes i. It is therefore possible to enter complex numbers in the form a + bi.
Another option is to enter complex numbers in the modulus-argument form. This
can be done by first entering the modulus, then pressing Shift and the (-) button (
), then entering the argument of the complex number in the correct format
(degrees/radians/grads). It is possible to convert between the two forms from the
complex menu (Shift-2). This menu also allows you to find the complex conjugate
of the complex number, as well as the argument. To find the modulus of a complex
number, use the Abs function.

Mode 3: STAT
Statistics mode allows to input data in multiple forms and will give you the
procedures required to calculate many values from the data sets (eg. standard
deviation).

You can enter data with only one variable or two. After entering data, it is possible
to carry out several different functions including variance and regulation
calculations (which can be useful for A-level maths).

Mode 5: EQN
This is possibly the most useful of the fx-991ES's 'extra' modes. You can use it to
solve simultaneous equations of two or three variables, quadratics in the form
, and cubics in the form .

Upon entering equation mode, you will be presented with the following options:

1:
2:
3:
4:

Simultaneous Equations

Options 1 and 2 are the simultaneous equation modes. Select option 1 if you have
two unknown variables, or option 2 if you have three. Here I'll deal with two
unknowns - the procedure for three is exactly the same. I'll use the simultaneous
equations obtained from the solution to the following question:

"A man buys 3 fish and 2 portions of chips for £2.80 A woman buys 1 fish and 4
portions chips for £2.60 How much are the fish and how much are the chips?"

3x + 2y = 2.8 (equation 1),

x + 4y = 2.6 (equation 2),

where x is the price of 1 fish, and y is the price of 1 chip. The more mathematically
able among you may already have seen that a fish costs £0.60, and a chip costs
£0.50.

Upon selecting option 1, you'll be faced with a 3*2 matrix - the columns of which
are labelled a, b, and c, the rows of which are named 1 and 2.

Enter equation 1's x coefficient, then press [=]. Do the same for the y coefficient
and the constant on the RHS. Press [=] again, and do the same for equation 2.
Pressing [=] again will show you first the solution for x, and another press shows
the solution for y. So the keypresses are:

[3][=][2][=][2][.][8][=][1][=][4][=][2][.][6][=][=]

Quadratic and Cubic Equations

Options 3 and 4 are the polynomial modes - choose option 3 if you have a
quadratic equation, and option 4 if you have a cubic equation. Note that they will
provide you with all roots, both real and complex. Here I'll be dealing with a
quadratic, , the roots of which are x = 1 and x = 0.5.

Enter the coefficients of x^2, x, and 1 in exactly the same way as has been
outlined for simultaneous equations. Press [=] again and you will be shown the
two roots of the equation, and . In the case of a repeated root, simply "X
= " will be displayed.

Mode 6: MATRIX
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Adding Matrices

To solve that press mode,6,1,1* and then enter values for your first matrix, then
press on, then shift,4,2,2,1* then enter values again for your second matrix, then
on again then press shift 4,3 then press add, then press shift 4,4, then press
equals

*for 3x3

Scalar Multiplication

To do a scalar multiple of a matrix press mode 6,1,4* then enter your values of
your matrix, then on, then press the number your multiplying by and then times,
then press shift 4,3 and then equals

*for 2x3

Matrix multiplication

To multiply the above example press mode,6,1,4* and then enter values, then
press on, then shift,4,2,2,2** then enter values again then on again then press
shift 4,3 then press times, then press shift 4,4, then press equals

*for 2x3 **for 3x2

Transpose Matrix

To transpose a matrix press mode 6,1,2* then enter your values and press on,
press shift 4,8 then shift 4,3 and then equals

*for 3x2

Inverse of Matrix

To find the inverse press mode 6,1,5* then enter your values and press on, then
press shift 4,3, then press the button underneath the mode, then press
equals

*for 2x2

Mode 7: TABLE
The table mode allows the generation of a table of numbers based on a function
of X. This is a quick method of calculating several values for a function of X, as well
as helping sketch graphs. Upon entering table mode, you'll be prompted to enter
a function of X. Enter the value of X at which the table should begin, end, and the
difference between each value and the table will be generated.

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Mode 8: VECTOR

Throughout this section, I'll be using two 3D vectors, VctA and VctB - and

respectively.

This mode allows you to perform calculations on 3D and 2D vectors - up to three

at a time. Upon selecting vector mode, you'll be prompted to choose a vector
memory slot to enter (VctA, VctB, or VctC). After choosing which memory slot
you're going to use, you will be prompted to choose the dimensions of the vector
(either 2 or 3). Now enter the values of your vector. Rather than using one column
and three rows to indicate i, j and k, the fx-991ES uses one row and three
columns. Enter the i value (in the leftmost box), then press [=], which will prompt
the calculator to scroll to the centre box, in which you enter the j value. Press [=]
again, and it'll scroll to the right-hand box, in which you enter the k value. Press
AC, and you'll return to a blank screen.

To enter data for another vector, press SHIFT/5 (VECTOR) (which we'll now call
'Vector Options') and choose option 2 (Data). This will return you to the screen
you were presented with when you first entered vector mode. Proceed from there
as before, choosing a different memory slot.

Adding Vectors

We are going to add together vectors A and B. So we should be looking for an

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answer of . At a blank screen (AC), go into Vector
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w hy your degree should make you
Options and choose VctA (option 3). This will cause "VctA" to show up on the main think internationally

screen. Now press [+]. Go into Vector Options again, and choose VctB (option 4).
Press [=]. This will take you to VctAns (a fourth memory slot, uneditable by the Open Day 21 November
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user) - which indeed shows .

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Challenge yourself: Apply for a
The Cross Product degree w ith De Broc School of
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This procedure is basically the same as that of adding vectors - only you press [ ]
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The Dot Product EPQ Questionnaire

You might have been wondering what option 7 in Vector Options is for. It's for Any aviators/aviators-to-be here?
calculating the dot product of vectors.
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. Do you smoke? If so, why?

graphic calculator radian mode?????

Select vector A, re-enter Vector Options, select Dot (option 7), go into Vector
Options one more time and select vector B. Press [=]. You should see the
following:

In contrast to convention the dot product has higher precedence than the vector
product so you will sometimes need brackets around a vector product expression.

Magnitude

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11/19/2015 Making the Most of your Casio fx-991ES Calculator - The Student Room

Press SHIFT/hyp (Abs), go into Vector Options, choose your vector, and press [=].

Unit Conversion
The Casio fx-991ES can convert between different units of measurement, by first
inputting the value to be converted, then pressing Shift and 8. A full list of
conversions is given on the case of the calculator.

Scientific Constants
By pressing Shift then 7 in any mode except Base-N, it is possible to recall one of
40 constants stored on the calculator by inputting a number from 01 to 40.
Although none are necessary for A level exams (they'll be given to you), the
following may be helpful (though be aware that examinations may expect you to
use specified rounded values):

01 - Mass of proton
02 - Mass of neutron
03 - Mass of electron
06 - Planck's constant
17 - Atomic mass unit
24 - Avogadro's constant
27 - Molar gas constant
28 - Speed of light
35 - Gravitational field strength
38 - Difference between Kelvin and Celsius
39 - Gravitational Constant
40 - Atmospheric pressure
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