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ACTIVIDAD INDIVIDUAL
GRUPO
100412_260
TUTOR
JAVIER ANDRES MORENO
𝜋
A. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑡 − 3 )
𝜋
B. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑡 + 4 )
𝜋
C. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝑡 + 3 ) respuesta correcta
𝜋
D. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 3 )
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝐸𝐷𝑂 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠: 𝑁(𝑦) ∗ 𝑦′ = 𝑀(𝑥)
1
𝑁(𝑦) = , 𝑀(𝑥) = 1
𝑥² + 1
1 𝑑
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 (𝑥) = 1
𝑥² + 1 𝑑𝑡
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑡
𝑥² + 1
𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑠𝑖:
∫ 1𝑑𝑡
=1∗𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
= 𝑡 + 𝑐₁
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥)
𝑥² + 1
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) = 𝑡
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(√3) = 0 + 𝑐₁
𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑐 1 :
𝜋
𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑥 = 𝑡 + 𝑐₁ 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐₁ =
3
𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥:
𝜋
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) = 𝑡 +
3
𝜋
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥) = 𝑡 + 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑥
3
1
𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( (3𝑡 + 𝜋)
3
3𝑡 𝜋
𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( + )
3 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 = 1 + 𝑥 2 , 𝑥(0) = √3 𝑒𝑠
𝑑𝑡
𝝅
𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝒕 + )
𝟑
3. 2𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 𝑦 4 − 𝑦 3 = 𝐶
4. 2𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 4 − 3𝑦 3 = 𝐶
Solución:
𝑀 = (2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑆𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 2𝑦 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑥) = 1
𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑦 ∗ 1
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟
𝑴 = 𝟐𝒚
𝑁 = (3𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑁𝑥 −𝑀𝑦
𝜇(𝑦) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑀
𝑑𝑦
𝑁𝑥 − 𝑀𝑦 6𝑥 − 2𝑦 4𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑦
𝑀 2𝑦 2𝑦
ahora reemplazamos la fórmula:
𝑦 𝑦²
𝜇(𝑦) = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑦 → 𝑒2 ∫ → 𝑒2 ∫ → 𝑦²
𝑑𝑦 2
entonces el factor integrante de la ecuación es:
𝝁(𝒚) = 𝒚²
comprobamos nuevamente con el criterio de exactitud, anteponiendo
el factor integrante en cada expresión:
𝑦²(2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦²(3𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 − 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(2𝑥𝑦³)𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥 2 𝑦² + 4𝑦³ − 3)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑴𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙𝒚² = 𝑵 = 𝟔𝐱𝒚²
7. Una ecuación diferencial de la forma 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0, es exacta si
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
se tiene que: = , es decir, sus derivadas parciales son iguales.
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝝏𝑵
𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓
𝝏𝒙
𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎/𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎
𝑑 𝟑 𝟐 𝑑 𝟐 𝑑
= (𝒙 𝒚 ) + (𝒙 ) − (𝟏))
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝟑 𝟐
= (𝒙 𝒚 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 3
𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 𝑦 2 (𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 = 𝑦 2 ∗ 3𝑥 3−1
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦²
𝑑
𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎: (𝑥ᵃ) = 𝑎 ∗ 𝑥ᵃ⁻¹
𝑑𝑥
= 2x²⁻¹
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 2𝑥
𝑑
(1)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒: (𝑎) = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(1) = 0
𝑑𝑥
= 3𝑥 2 𝑦² + 2𝑥 − 0
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦² + 2𝑥
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
≠ ⇒ 𝟐𝒚𝟑 𝒙 ≠ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒚² + 𝟐𝒙
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒏𝒐 𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒂
𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎/𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= (2𝑥 3 𝑦 2 ) − (2𝑥) − (3))
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
= (2𝑥 3 𝑦 2 ) = 6𝑦²𝑥²
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(2𝑥) = 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(3) = 0
𝑑𝑥
= 6𝑦²𝑥² − 2 − 0
simplificar
= 𝟔𝒙²𝒚² − 𝟐
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
≠ ⇒ 𝟒𝒙𝒚𝟑 + 𝟔𝒙²𝒚² − 𝟐
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒏𝒐 𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒂
𝑑
(1) = 0
𝑑𝑦
= 6𝑥²𝑦 + 1 − 0
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 𝟔𝒙²𝒚 + 𝟏
𝝏𝑵
𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓
𝝏𝒙
𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= (𝟐𝒙𝟑 𝒚 + (𝑥) − (4))
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
= (𝟐𝒚)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝟑
𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 2𝑦 (𝒙 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 = 2𝑦 ∗ 3𝑥³⁻¹
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 6𝑦𝑥²
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥) 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑥) = 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑
(4)
𝑑𝑦
𝑑
𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒: (𝑎) = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(4) = 0
𝑑𝑥
= 6𝑦𝑥² + 1 − 0
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 𝟔𝒙²𝒚 + 𝟏
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
= ⇒ 𝟔𝒙²𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟔𝒙²𝒚 + 𝟏
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒂
𝐍(𝐱, 𝐲) = (𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)
𝝏𝑵
𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓
𝝏𝒙
𝑑 2
𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 6𝑦 2 (𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎: 6𝑦 2 ∗ 2𝑥 2 ⁻¹
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟: 12𝑦 2 𝑥
𝑑
(2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒: 2 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛: (𝑥) = 1
𝑑𝑥
=𝟐∗𝟏=𝟐
𝑑
(5)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒: (𝑎) = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(5) = 𝟎
𝑑𝑥
= 12𝑦 2 𝑥 − 2 + 0
𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒓
= 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐
𝝏𝑴 𝝏𝑵
= ⇒= 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐 == 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒙
𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒂
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