SOLAR DRAINAGE CLEANER

ABSTRACT
In the proposed concept is to replace the manual work in drainage cleaning by
automated system. Now-a-days even though automation plays a vital role in all
industrial applications in the proper disposal of sewages from industries and
commercials are still a challenging task. Drainage pipes are using for the disposal and
unfortunately sometimes there may be loss of human life while cleaning the blockages
in the drainage pipes.
To overcome this problems and to save human life. The device is placed across
drain so that only water flow through the lower grids. Waste like bottles, etc. Floating
in drain is lifted by teeth which are connected to chain. This chain is attached by gears
driven by motor. The energy provided to motor is solar photovoltaic cell connected to
it. When motor runs the chain starts to circulate making teeth to lift up. The waste
materials are lifted by teeth and are stored in waste storage tank.
It is very dangerous to people who working for drainage cleaning because of in
the drainage having most of solid metals waste like blades, waste medical injections,
home waste, etc., these are settled under the water because density of this metals is
very high as compared to the water. these metals waste is harmful to the people so
this proposed system eliminates these problems.

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INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT WORK:
In this research paper the proposed concept is to replace the manual work in
drainage cleaning by automated system. Now-a-days even though automation plays a vital role in
all industrial applications in the proper disposal of sewages from industries and commercials are
still a challenging task. Drainage pipes are using for the disposal and unfortunately sometimes
there may be loss of human life while cleaning the blockages in the drainage pipes. To overcome
this problem and to save human life. The device is place across drain so that only water flow
through lower grids. Waste like bottle, etc. Floating in drain are lifted by teeth which is connected
to chain. This chain is attached by gears driven by motor. When motor runs the chain starts to
circulate making teeth to lift up. The waste materials are lifted by teeth and are stored in waste
storage tank. DC motors with help of h-bridge designed ie., Dc motor control plays a major role in
many applications; dc motor is required to be rotated in clockwise and counter clockwise
directions. For this purpose h bridge is designed. In this project l293 is used to drive two dc motors.
Automatic Drainage Water Cleaning overcomes all sorts of drainage problems and promotes
blockage free drains promoting continuous flow of drain water. In the modern era there have been
adequate sewage problems where sewage water needs to be segregated to clean our surrounding
environment. The waste and gases produced from the industries are very harmful to human beings
and to the environment. Our proposed system is used to clean and control the drainage level using
auto mechanism technique. Water running through a water drainage system mostly carries along
waste materials most which are non-biodegradable which not only cause flooding but also climate
change. Overflow of water drainage system occurs when there is a blockage of an end of the
drainage system forcing the water to find its way elsewhere apart from the mapped out drainage
system, therefore the running water spills over the horizontal height of the drainage systems
spreading to regions alongside the drainage system, thereby causing problems such as pushing
down of structures such as fences, water logging of farm lands and residential building, etc. The
impurities present in water can cause hazardous and disease. As long as the draining system is
considered the function of the main drainage system is to collect, transport and dispose of the
water through an outfall or outlet. Impurities in drainage water can be only like empty bottles,
polythene bags, papers, etc. The problem such as Environmental pollution and spreading of viral
diseases are avoidable. Automation of Drainage Cleaning System would reduce the risk of various
diseases spread due to accumulation of waste. This Drainage Cleaning International Journal of
Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science (IJTIMES) Volume 3, Issue 12, December-
2017, e-ISSN: 2455-2585, Impact Factor: 3.45 (SJIF-2015) IJTIMES-2017@All rights reserved 156
system will clean the waste at the surface of drainage which would allow the flow of water. The
devices is place across drain so that only water flow through lower grids, waste like bottle, etc.
Floating in drain are lifted by teeth which is connected to chain. This chain is attached by gear

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driven by motor. When motor runs the chain starts to circulate making teeth to lift up. The waste
materials are lifted by teeth and are stored in waste storage tank.

NEED FOR PROJECT REPORT:

 To obtain long terms or short term loans from banks and other financial institutions.
 For registration of unit with the authorities of the industry.
 Approach the concerned authorities for allotment of land and building.
 For getting quota of raw materials.
 For import of tools, plants machinery and raw materials

VARIOUS AGENCIES REQQUIRED FOR THE PROJECT REPORT:

 Assess managerial and entrepreneurial capabilities of the person.

 Assess the benefit of project.
 As Certain the technical feasibility of the project.
 As Certain financial validity of the project.
 As certain the utility of the project report to the society.

VARIOUS AENCIES REQUIRED FOR THE PROJECT REPORT:

 Assess managerial and entrepreneurial capabilities of the person.

 Assess the benefit of project.
 As certain the technical feasibility of the project.
 As certain financial validity of the project.
 As certain the utility of the project report to the society.

FACTORS CONSIDERED BEFORE GIVING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE:

 Process technology.
 Economic size of unit .
 Technical know-how and consultancy.
 Basis of selection.
 Technical persons needed.
 Location of the plant.
 Flexibility.
 Financial statement.

MARKET SURVEY:

The study of the spending characteristics and purchasing power of the consumer who are
within your business’s geographic area of operation; a research methods for defining the market
parameters of a business.

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SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY:

Small scale industry is defined as a unit in which investment in original value of plant and
machinery should not exceed Rs.1.5 crore.

However, to facilitate technology up gradation and enhance competitiveness, the

investment limit has been raised to Rs. 5 crore in respect of 71 high tech export oriented items in
drugs, pharmaceuticals, hand knitwear sectors, etc.

ROLE OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES:

All industrial units with a capital investment of not more than Rs.1 crore at present,
treated as small scale units. For ancillary units i.e., those supplying components etc., to large scale
industries and the export oriented units, the limit of capital investment is also Rs.1 crore. Industrial
units with an investment of up to Rs.25 lakhs belongs to the tiny sector. It may be noted that
capital investment covers only investment in plant and machinery, land and factory buildings are
excluded. As per this classification all industries with capital investment higher than specified for
small scale units or large scale industries.

The small scale industries contribute a lot to the progress of the Indian economy. They have also
a great potential for the future development of the economy. Let us discuss their role in detail.

OBJECTIVES:
 Large scope for employment.
 Large production
 Large explore
LABOUR AND INDUSTRIAL LAWS:

Laws related to industrial relations

1 The trade unions act, 1926

The trade unions (amendments) act, 2001

2 The industrial employment (standing orders) act,1946

The industrial employment (standing orders) rules, 1946

3 The industrial disputes act, 1926

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399

TABLE11

LAWS RELATED TO EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING

1 The employment exchanges (compulsory notification of vacancies) act,1959

The employment exchanges (compulsory notification of vacancies) rules, 1959

2 The apprentices act, 1961

TABLE 2

LAWS RELATED TO DEPRIVED AND DISADVANTAGED SECTIONS OF THE SOCIETY

1 The bonded labour system (abolition) act, 1976

2 The child labour (prohibition & regulation) act, 1986

3 The children (pledging of labour) act, 1933

TABLE 3

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CHAPTER-1

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COMPONENTS OF SOLAR DRAINAGE CLEANER

1.1 SOLAR PANEL
Solar panel is used to absorb energy and stores in a
battery. When we need power we connect the wire to
battery. The solar panel is mainly used to convert sunlight into
electricity. Light striking the crystals induces the
“photovoltaic effect,” which generates electricity. The
electricity produced is called direct current (DC) and can be
used immediately or stored in a battery. The photovoltaic solar
system is easy to install even retrospectively to the
existing electrical system of the building. The generated clean
energy does not pollute the environment, reduces gas
emissions causing greenhouse effect, and it is important too,
that we create significant cash inflow to ourselves.

1.2 CHAIN

A Bike chain is a roller chain that transfers power from the upper shaft to lower shaft by wiper
motor runs. The conveyer which is connected to the chain through welding. Most chains are made
from plain carbon or alloy steel, but some are nickel-plated to prevent rust, or for aesthetics

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1.3 SPROCKETS

A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, or cogs, that mesh with
a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The name 'sprocket' applies generally to
any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing over it. It is distinguished from
a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in that
sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.
Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked vehicles, and other machinery either to
transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or to impart linear motion
to a track, tape etc. Perhaps the most common form of sprocket may be found in the bicycle, in
which the pedal shaft carries a large sprocket-wheel, which drives a chain, which, in turn, drives a
small sprocket on the axle of the rear wheel. Early automobiles were also largely driven by
sprocket and chain mechanism, a practice largely copiedfrom bicycles.

Sprockets are of various designs, a maximum of efficiency being claimed for each by its originator.
Sprockets typically do not have a flange. Some sprockets used with timing belts have flanges to
keep the timing belt centered. Sprockets and chains are also used for power transmission from one
shaft to another where slippage is not admissible, sprocket chains being used instead of belts or
ropes and sprocket-wheels instead of pulleys. They can be run at high speed and some forms of
chain are so constructed as to be noiseless even at high speed
1.4 BEARINGS
bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and
reduces friction between moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing
friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or
to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts.
Rotary bearings hold rotating components such as shafts or axles within mechanical systems, and
transfer axial and radial loads from the source of the load to the structure supporting it. The
simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing, consists of a shaft rotating in a hole. Lubrication is
often used to reduce friction. In the ball bearing and roller bearing, to prevent sliding friction,
rolling elements such as rollers or balls with a circular cross-section are located between the races

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or journals of the bearing assembly.

1.5 BATTERY

An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external
connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, smart phones, and electric
cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its
negative terminal is the anode. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that when
connected to an external circuit will flow and deliver energy to an external device. When a battery
is connected to an external circuit, electrolytes are able to move as ions within, allowing the
chemical reactions to be completed at the separate terminals and so deliver energy to the external
circuit. It is the movement of those ions within the battery which allows current to flow out of the
battery to perform work. Historically the term "battery" specifically referred to a device composed
of multiple cells, however the usage has evolved additionally to include devices composed of a

single cell.
Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and discarded; the electrode materials
are irreversibly changed during discharge. Common examples are the alkaline battery used
for flashlights and a multitude of portable electronic devices. Secondary (rechargeable)
batteries can be discharged and recharged multiple times using an applied electric current; the
original composition of the electrodes can be restored by reverse current. Examples include
the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium-ion batteries used for portable electronics such
as laptops and smart phones.

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Batteries come in many shapes and sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing aids and
wristwatches to small, thin cells used in smart phones, to large lead acid batteries used in cars and
trucks, and at the largest extreme, huge battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby or
emergency power for telephone exchanges and computer data center.

1.5 CONTROL UNIT

The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs
the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory, arithmetic/logic unit and input and
output devices how to respond to a program's instructions.
It directs the operation of the other units by providing timing and control signals. Most computer
resources are managed by the CU. It directs the flow of data between the CPU and the other
devices. John von Neumann included the control unit as part of the von Neumann architecture. In
modern computer designs, the control unit is typically an internal part of the CPU with its overall
role and operation unchanged since its introduction. The Control Unit (CU) is digital circuitry
contained within the processor that coordinates the sequence of data movements into, out of, and
between a processor's many sub-units. The result of these routed data movements through
various digital circuits (sub-units) within the processor produces the manipulated data expected by
a software instruction (loaded earlier, likely from memory). It controls (conducts) data flow inside
the processor and additionally provides several external control signals to the rest of the computer
to further direct data and instructions to/from processor external destinations (i.e. memory).

Examples of devices that require a CU are CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs). The CU
receives external instructions or commands which it converts into a sequence of control signals
that the CU applies to the data path to implement a sequence of register-transfer level operations.

1.6 SHAFT
To transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces power to a
machine which absorbs power. The various members such as pulleys and gears are mounted on it.
A shaft is rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is us. The material
used for ordinary shafts is mild steel. When high strength is required, an alloy steel such
as nickel, nickel-chromium or chromium-vanadium steel is used.
Shafts are generally formed by hot rolling and finished to size by cold
drawing or turning and grinding.
They are mainly classified into two types.
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 Transmission shafts are used to transmit power between the source and the machine
absorbing power; e.g. counter shafts and line shafts.
 Machine shafts are the integral part of the machine itself; e.g. crankshaft.

1.7 TRANSFORMER:
A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or
more circuits through electromagnetic induction. A varying current in one coil of the transformer
produces a varying magnetic field, which in turn induces a varying electromotive force (emf) or
"voltage" in a second coil. Power can be transferred between the two coils through the magnetic
field, without a metallic connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of
induction discovered in 1831 described this effect. Transformers are used to increase or decrease
the alternating voltages in electric power applications.
Since the invention of the first constant-potential transformer in 1885, transformers have become
essential for the transmission, distribution, and utilization of alternating current electrical
energy.[3] A wide range of transformer designs is encountered in electronic and electric power
applications. Transformers range in size from RF transformers less than a cubic centimeter in
volume to units interconnecting the power grid weighing hundreds of tons.

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CHAPTER-2

WORKING PRINCIPLE
The proposed Automatic Sewage Cleaner is placed across the drain in order to filter the waste
things like Bottles, Papers etc. Floating in drain is lifted by bucket conveyor which is connected to
chain. This chain is attached by sprocket with shaft driven by wiper motor which is energized by
solar photovoltaic cell. When wiper motor runs the shaft, chain starts to circulate making the
bucket conveyor to lift up. The waste materials are lifted by conveyor and are stored in waste
storage tank. Once tank filled, then, the IR sensor is enabled by which the GSM module will be
working in order to give the alertness to the customer in the form of SMS. Hence, the drainage
could be cleaned out properly so that drain water will flow easily.

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working principle of solar drainage system

The devices is place across drain so that only water flow through lower grids, waste like bottle,
Etc. Floating in drain are lifted by teeth which is connected to chain. This chain is attached by
gear driven by motor .When motor runs the chain starts to circulate making teeth to lift up.
The waste materials are lifted by teeth and are stored in waste storage tank.

 WORKING

 The gadget is place over the deplete so water course through lower grids, squander like
bottle, cloth wood papers etc. Flowing in deplete are restricted by teeth which is
associated with chain.

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 This anchor is appended to equip driven by motor. Motor is begin bind is begin to circle.
 Making teeth to lift up squandered material put away in tank.

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CHAPTER-3

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DESIGN OF PROJECT
Configuration comprises of use of logical guideline, specialized data, and creative energy for
advancement of new component to perform particular capacity with most extreme economy and
effectiveness. Thus cautious outline approach must be embraced. The aggregate plan work has
been part into two sections. 1. System design 2. Mechanical design

A. SYSTEM DESIGN:
Framework configuration is for the most part concerns the different physical limitations
and ergonomics, space prerequisites, game plan of different segments on casing at
framework, man-machine collaboration, no. of controls, position of controls, workplaces,
of upkeep, extent of change, weight if machine from ground level, add up to weight of
machine and significantly more.
B. MECHANICAL DESIGN:
In mechanical design the components are listed down and stored on the basis of their
procurement, design in two categories namely. 1. Designed parts 2. Parts to be
purchased
Mechanical outline stage is imperative from the perspective of originator as entire
achievement of venture relies on upon the right plan examination of the issue.
Numerous preparatory options are killed amid this stage. Creator ought to have
sufficient learning about physical properties of material, load stresses and
disappointment. He ought to recognize all inside and outer powers following up on
machine parts.

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CHAPTER-4

FABRICATION OF THE PROJECT

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4.1 Mechanism & Working:

• The automated mechanism is basically designed to filter out the solid waste of
the running drains and hence removing the possibility of any blockage of the
flowing waste water.
• The turbine is the power (rotation) generating element that functions on the
hydraulic power and hence then drive the chain mechanism.The power generated
by the turbine is being transmitted through the sprocket-chain arrangement from
turbine shaft to mechanism driving shaft and hence the chain mechanism is being
driven.
• The chain mechanism is being fitted with the wire mesh filter that just picks up
the solid waste while the liquid waste flows through the mesh.
• The size of mesh holes can be adjusted in order to decide the different size of
solid waste we are working on.
• The system is being adjusted at an angle so that mesh is able to hold the solid waste.
• The storage box is kept where the solid waste is collected and later that box can
be cleaned to remove the collected waste.

4.2 Components Required & Analysis:

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S.No. Component Quantity Specificatio

n
1 Angle Rod 4 40cm
2 Angle Rod 4 26cm
3 Square Rod 2 75x2.5x2.5c
m
4 Square Rod 2 70x2.5x2.5c
m
5 Square Rod 10 75x1x1
6 Sprocket 6 N.A.
7 Bearing 6 N.A.
8 Shaft 3 N.A.
9 Chain 3 170cm
10 Square Rod 2 26x2.5x2.5c
m
11 Prong 2 N.A.
12 Sheet Metal 1 2x2m
Dia. 0.5 cm
,

13 Circular Rod 1 Length=1m

Table 3.1 Components

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CAD MODELLLING

Respective Screenshots:

Fig. 4.1 Dimensions

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Fig 4.2 Schematic model

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Fig. 4.3 Front view

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Fig. 4.4 Rear portion

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Fig. 4.5 Side View

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Fig.4.6 Side View

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Fig 4.7 Front View

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Fig.4.8 View From floor

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Fig 4.9 Model

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Fig. 4.10 Sprocket

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Fig 4.11 Component Dimension (1)

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Fig 4.12 Component Dimension (2)

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CHAPTER-5

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METHODOLOGY
Methodology used for whole processing of Drain cleaning Machine is given below; this
methodology gives way about how work is to be carried out in systematic way. It is
standard process of describing process, how it is done in simplest manner.

Design of drain cleaning machine mechanism

Select standard
parts

Manufacturing each component and construct the setup

Conduct the experiment

Conclusion

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CHAPTER-6

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ASSEMBLY
First design the project in the computer system by using CAD. Collect all the components
required for manufacturing of SOLAR DRAINAGE CLEANER .check the measurements of
the height, width and inclination of the project. The assembling of the solar drainage
cleaner is give below:

 Cut the MS square PIPE in required dimension.

 Weld the square type MS STEEL pipe in proper structure.
 Check the angle of the base and opposite side of the frame in right angle.
 Weld the two bearings on the frame in proper direction.
 Fix the sprockets in the shaft rod and weld the sprockets in exact distance.
 Weld the shaft rod in the bearings.
 Weld another two bearings at the bottom of the frame in the same direction to
the upper bearings.
 In the same way adjust the sprockets in the shaft and weld the shaft in the
bearings.
 Connecting the two chains to the two sprockets.
 Fabricate the buckets by using sheet metal.
 Weld the buckets to the centres of the chain.
 Connect the motor shaft to main shaft to the project.
 Connect the motor to battery by using wires and connecting the transformer
between the motor and battery.
 Connecting the solar panel to the battery by using wires.
 Connecting the control unit between the battery and solar panel by convert the
solar energy into electrical power.
 Place the solar panel opposite to the sun rays.

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CHAPTER-7

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RESULT

Drainage Cleaning System is a social incentive project where we tried to

present a much better procedure to keep our drain clean and thus providing
the way to a cleaner and safer surrounding.
We performed the following test and results are being discussed as follows:
 Weight Lifted: We tried to present the model where the model is
successfully able to lift the 1 Kg of the drainage APMC i.e solid waste.
With the constraint of the size and budget the project performs excellent
in its parameters.

Speed of the Drain: As the setup which performs excellently on the constraints condition
that have been designed in view of the real life drain condition, we try to provide the
drain with the minimum speed of 5 Km/Hr and able to derive out the results that the
battery is getting charged and able to run the mechanism.

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CHAPTER-8

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SCOPE OF PROJECT
As the project has been based on the baseline to make integration of the
benefits for human health, societal concerns and national cleanliness policy.
Therefore it covers many section of proportionate benefits to the all sphere of
our present life.
Explaining all the present benefits in respective category:

FOR ACADEMICS

 Drainage Cleaning System is basically a agglomeration of the basic

mechanical components that we have gone through regressively during
out past four year of circulum.

All the basic components that majorly consist of the Chain drives,
Bearings, Welding, Turbine etc components are finely integrated to build
to structurally simple project.

 Moreover the last add on the project to give and edge effect harnessing
of the flow energy of the drain gives the project the much needed future
scope of exploitation of the renewable resource.

FOR INDUSTRY

 Presently as a nation, India purposefully focus on two major things.

Firstly as young and fast growing nation we are concentrating to pull out
the maximum from out manufacturing sector with a touch of Start-ups as
thing of sub-topic focus.

Our Project, as being new in the market network will provide the
entrepreneurs the much needed ideas to blend the technology with
societal benefits and harness the market.

 Secondly, as a nation we are focusing on the Public benefits in the policy

making and providing the young generation the employment and
environment safety. While being a high-market potential project
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conserves the profit for the industry section with the advance of
providing the corporate social benefits.

FOR SOCIETY

 In a modern society where luxury has become a necessity in the urban

and rural hub, there lies a section of the population who still lives on
meager just enough to satisfy its hand to mouth needs. Sanitations is
one of the very basic amenities required for the basic living of a man and
providing with such a technological and economical instrument which
can change the pathetic sewerage condition of the town and cities of
mediocre India.
With such a potential instrument of employment generation in the society through industry co-
operation, this product land you in the win-situation
FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The projects Drainage cleaning system definitely serves the many dimensions
the human needs and definitely presents a bright future aspect in this domain.
With technological advancement this core-mechanical project can be
revolutionized to include the technology like GSM etc, to make the working of
the Municipal Boards of the cites more viable.
The project can be incorporate the automatic dustbin lifting system and hence
the project can be tech-abled.
 For the people.

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CHAPTER-9

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CONCLUSION

Now we can reach the conclusion that with the help of our project
AUTOMATED DRAINAGE CLEANING SYSTEM that:
 We can apply this project in remote and slum areas with effectiveness.
 Since drains are linked with hygiene and in slum areas this is
major problem and we can apply this project in those areas and
can safeguard health of the people.
 Our project is very useful in monsoon because in rainy season our
drains are usually are overflowing and they can be blocked by
solid wastes.
 We can incorporate this project with SWACCH BHARAT ABHIYAAN
which is a revolution in present times.
 We can say that in India our drains and sewage paths are open so
this project or mechanism can become very handy and use to
clean them.
Our project is very easy to operate since we are using this mechanism to generate
electricity to drive the mechanism itself (self driven) and is very easy to maintain.

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