LILIOPSIDA

YUSNAENI YUSUF
BIOLOGI UNM
Alismatidae
 LIMNOCHARITACEAE
1. Herba aquatik
2. Mengandung laticifer
3. Ada rhizoma
4. Daun di ujung rhizoma
5. Bunga:cymosa,
biseksual, aktinomorf
Sepal :3
Petal :3
Stamen : 9-bxk
Karpel : 6-bxk

6. Buah : folikel
Families
Alismataceae
- water
plantains
 Alismataceae
Saggitaria (arrowhead lilies, left) and
Alisma (water plantains, below) are
common aquatic plants

http://biology.smsu.edu/Herbarium/Plants
Families
Alismataceae
- water
plantains
 Hydrocharitaceae
 Monocot
 Family: Hydrocharitaceae
 Rooted submerged perennial
 Leaves 5-15 mm long and 2-
4 mm wide
 Leaves arranged in pairs on
lower nodes.
 Leaves in whorls of 3-10 on
the upper nodes.
 Hydrocharitaceae
 Hydrilla is one of the most
serious biological threats to
aquatic ecosystems in
temperate climate zones.
 Dense stands of hydrilla
provide decrease habitat for
fish and other wildlife
altering water quality by
raising
 pH, decreasing oxygen, and
increasing temperature.
Dense weed mats create
stagnant water providing
 breeding grounds for
mosquitoes
Symplocarpus foetidus flowers are bisexual.
Note Spathe and Spadix
World's Smallest Flowering Plant
The floral cavity on the dorsal side reveals
a circular concave stigma (nearest the
basal end) and a single, pollen-bearing
anther. The flowers are protogynous, with
the stigma becoming receptive before
the anther matures and sheds pollen. The
far right plant shows only the stigma, while
the far left plant shows only the anther
Commelinaceae -
spiderworts
Pontederiaceae - Order Commelinales
pickerelweeds
COROLLA
The “bee orchid” (Ophrys
speculum, Orchidaceae)
flower looks so much like
a female bee that male
bees try to mate with it; in
doing so they get hit on
the head or back with a
pollen-sac, or pollinium,
which they carry to the
next flower
Ophrys orchids
 Ophrys orchid.
The lower lip is shaped
like, smells like and
feels like a female
wasp.
Pollination is by
pseudocopulation

Male wasp on Ophrys.

 Ophrys insectifera

www.primiero.it/orchidee/album_fotografico.html

http://androsace.c
Orchid seed, note it is tiny, and lacks both endosperm and cotyledon. Each
seed is simply a membranous seed coat containing a few undifferentiated
cells.
Developing orchid plantlet or protocorm with mycorrhizal fungus.
Young orchid plant
Cattleya sp. Orchidaceae
Vanilla planifolia flower. This is the species of Vanilla cultivated for
vanilla production. It is one of the few orchids that is a vine.
 Vanilla planifolia capsules. Immature capsules are collected, sweated and
fermented, then dried and cured in the sun (a process that can take months).
The vanilla “beans” (which are actually capsules) are used as flavorings. In
ancient Mexico they were also used as a perfume and aromatic.
Madagascar and other islands in the
Indian Ocean are the main Vanilla
producers. Hand pollination
substitutes for the absence of native
pollinators. Vanilla is native to
Mexico and Central America.
 Wingless Worker
Ants
 Bees
 Butterflies
 Moths
 Flies
 Birds
Sexual deception
Different fragrances
Bright colors
The Orchids can attract
the male wasps by
releasing a chemical, 2-
ethy-5-
propylcyclohhexa-1,3-
dione, which is similar
to that of a female
Found in the Australian
Orchid, Chiloglottis
The male euglossine bees
are attracted to the
orchid smell for a
different reason
When they visit they
scratch and brush
themselves against the
flower to get the scent
The bees collect the
fragrance and store it in
their hind tibiae
They could use it for
metabolic reasons
The Males attract
females with the scent
and then use their
territorial displays to
lure them in
Males use the scent to
attract other males to a
mating site
 Diagram of male bee
In the future I think it
would be interesting to
test which of the
different types of
pollinators are best for
orchid fertilization.
 Ackerman, J. D. “Specificity and Mutual Dependency of the
Orchid- Euglossine Bee Interaction”. Biological Journal of the
Linnean Society.1983. Vol. 20. pp. 301-314.
 Beattie, A. J., Peakall, R. “ Pollination of the Orchid Microtis
Parviflora R. Br. By Flightless Worker Ants”. British Ecological
Society. Vol. 3. No. 5. 1989. pp. 515- 522.
 Calvo, Richard N. “ Evolutionary Demography of Orchids:
Intensity and Frequency of Pollination and the Cost of
Fruiting”. Ecology. Vol. 74. No. 4. June 1993. pp. 1033-1042
 Dobson, Calaway H., Dressler, Robert L., Hills, Harold G.,
Adams, Ralph M., Williams, Norris H. “ Biologically Active
Compounds in Orchid Fragrances.” Science. Vol. 164. No.
3885. 13 June 1969. pp. 1243- 1249
 Nilsson, L. A. “ Orchid pollination Biology”. Trends in Ecology
and Evolution. Vol. 7. No.8. 1992. pp. 255-259
 O’ Connell, Lisa M., Johnston, Mark O. “Male and Female
Pollination Success in a Deceptive Orchid, A Selection Study”.
Ecology. Vol. 79. No.4. June 1998. pp. 1246-1260
 Schiestl, Florian P., Peakall, Rod, Mant, Jim G., Ibarra,
Fernando, Schulz, Claudia, Franke, Stephan, Francke, Wittko.
“The Chemistry of Sexual Deception in an Orchid- Wasp
Pollination System”. Science. Vol. 302. 17 October 2003. pp.
437-438