Connection Design Examples

Connection Design
Examples
Using the 2015 NDS (DES345)
Lori Koch, P.E. Adam Robertson, M.A.Sc., P.Eng.

Manager, Educational Outreach Manager, Codes and Standards
American Wood Council Canadian Wood Council
COURSE DESCRIPTION
With the variety of fasteners available for wood construction, this

presentation will provide a basic understanding of connections
that includes design examples based on the 2015 National
Design Specification® (NDS®) for Wood Construction. Solutions
for nailed, screwed, and bolted connections will be presented,
along with specific information on calculating shear capacity as
well as withdrawal capacity. Multiple approaches to calculating
capacity will be discussed, including tabulated references,
calculation-based techniques, and computer program solutions
(including WoodWorks® Connections software). Material
properties for fasteners as well as connected materials including
wood-to-wood, wood-to-steel, and wood-to-concrete will be
discussed.
Disclaimer: Portions of this presentation were developed by a

third party and are not funded by American Wood Council or the
Softwood Lumber Board.
DES 345 – Connection Design Examples
The American Wood Council is a Registered
Provider with The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider
# 50111237.
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will
be reported to AIA CES for AIA members.
Certificates of Completion for both AIA members
and non-AIA members are available upon request.
This course is registered with AIA CES for
Participants may download the continuing professional education. As such, it does
presentation here: not include content that may be deemed or
http://www.awc.org/education/resources construed to be an approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of construction or any method
or manner of handling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the
conclusion of this presentation.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion, participants will be better able to identify:
1 Withdrawal and Shear Loading 3 Lateral Yield Modes

Be familiar with NDS provisions for fastener Understand the 6 lateral design value yield
withdrawal capacity and NDS and TR-12 modes and material properties used to
provisions for fastener shear capacity calculate capacity
2 NDS-based Calculations 4 Software-based Solutions

Learn various approaches in the NDS for Understand the types of connections
WoodWorks® software designs, how to use
calculating fastener capacity the software, how to view the design results
and the connection drawing output

OUTLINE
1 Introduction 3 Shear Examples

NDS Provisions on Connection Design Force is applied perpendicular to the length
of the fastener
2 Withdrawal Examples 4 Computer Aided Solutions

Force is applied parallel to the length of the Examples using WoodWorks® software
fastener

POLLING QUESTION
What is your profession?
a) Engineer
b) Architect
c) Building Official
d) Other

6
NDS CH. 11 – MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS
Design issues
Reference design values
Chapter 12 – dowel-type connectors (nails, bolts, lag/wood screws)
Chapter 13 – split rings and shear plates
Chapter 14 – timber rivets
Adjustment factors

7
NDS CH. 11 – MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS

8
NDS CH. 12 – DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS
Withdrawal Equations for Dowel-Type Fasteners

• Lag screws
W = 1800 G3/2 D3/4
• Wood screws
W = 2800 G2 D
• Smooth shank nails (bright or galvanized carbon steel)
W = 1380 G5/2 D
• Post-frame ring shank nails
W = 1800 G2 D

9
Withdrawal Penetration
• Lag screws
Do NOT include length of tapered fastener tip in penetration
• Wood screws, Nails/Spikes
Include length of tapered fastener tip in penetration

10
Withdrawal based on inches of penetration into main member

11
WITHDRAWAL EXAMPLES
Withdrawal examples
• Smooth shank nail
• Lag screw

12
Withdrawal Design Value - Plain Shank Nail
Using 2015 NDS section 12.2, calculate the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) reference
withdrawal capacity of an 8d common plain shank nail in the connection below:
Main member:
Spruce-Pine-Fir Nominal 4x (Actual dimension 3.5 in.) (G = 0.42)
Side member:
12 gage (0.105 in. thick) ASTM A653 Grade 33 steel side plate
Fastener Dimensions:
8d nail (NDS Table L4)
Length = 2.5 in.
Diameter = 0.131 in.
D  0.131 Fastener diameter (in.)
G  0.42 Specific gravity (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
L  2.5 Nail Length (in.)
Ls  0.105 Side Member thickness (in.)
p t  L  Ls Nail penetration into main member (in.)
p t  2.395
5
2
W  1380 G  D NDS Equation 12.2-3
W  20.7 Reference withdrawal design value. Compare to NDS Table

12.2C, W = 21 lbs/in
Resistance  p t W
Resistance based on main member penetration (lbs)
Resistance  49 AWC Online Connection Calculator gives identical result of 49 lbs
See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment factors for connections based on
end use conditions.
Withdrawal Design Value - Lag Screw
Using 2015 NDS provisions (NDS 12.2) calculate the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) withdrawal
capacity of a lag screw in the connection below:
Main member:
Southern Pine Nominal 6x (Actual thickness = 5.5 in.) (G = 0.55) (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
Side member:
Southern Pine Nominal 2x (Actual thickness = 1.5 in.) (G = 0.55) (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
1/2 in. diameter lag screw (NDS Table L2)
Length = 4 in.
Tip Length = 0.3125 in.
D  0.5 Fastener diameter (in.)

tip  0.3125 Fastener tapered tip length (in.)
G  0.55 Specific gravity (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
L  4 Lag screw length (in.)
Ls  1.5 Side Member thickness (in.)
p t  L  Ls  tip Lag screw penetration into main member (in.)
p t  2.188
3 3
2 4
W  1800 G  D NDS Equation 12.2-1
W  436.6 Compare to NDS Reference Withdrawal Design Value Table

12.2A, W = 437 lbs/in.
Resistance  p t W
Resistance based on main member penetration (lbs)
Resistance  955 AWC Online Connection Calculator gives identical result of 955 lbs
See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment factors for connections based on end
use conditions.
• 4 Yield Modes
• 6 Yield Equations
• Single & Double Shear
• Wood-to-Wood
• Wood-to-Steel
• Wood-to-Concrete
Members must be in contact

at shear plane – NO GAPS!

13
YIELD MODES
MODE I
• bearing-dominated yield of
wood fibers
MODE II
• pivoting of fastener with
localized crushing of wood
fibers
MODE III
•fastener yield in bending at one
plastic hinge and localized
crushing of wood fibers
MODE IV
• fastener yield in bending at
two plastic hinges and
localized crushing of wood
DES 345 – Connection Design Examples fibers
14
POLLING QUESTION
The NDS Yield Limit Equations for Modes II and IIIm do
not apply to Single Shear connections.
a) True
b) False

15
DOWEL BEARING STRENGTH

16
FASTENER BENDING YIELD STRENGTH
Load

17
FASTENER BENDING YIELD STRENGTH
Fastener Bending Yield Strength (Fyb) sources:

• NDS Appendix I
• TR-12 Appendix A
• Manufacturer’s data
• ICC Evaluation Service Report
• ASTM F1667 Appendix

18
New

19
New
Non-
uniform for
CLT
20
• Adjust lm or ls to compensate for orthogonal

grain orientations in adjacent layers
• Parallel to grain: Fe/Feǁ
Example: ½” bolt in southern pine 3-ply CLT
with 1-½” laminations
lm = t1ǁ + t2 + t3ǁ = 3(1.5) = 4.5”
lm-adj = t1ǁ + t2(Fe/Feǁ) + t3ǁ
=1.5 +1.5(3650/6150) +1.5 = 3.9”

21

22
Threaded
length < lm/4 lm
Dia. Fastener = D
Threaded
length < lm/4 lm
Dia. Fastener = D

23
lm
Dia. Fastener = Dr
NDS Chapter 12 Tables use:

• Dr for lateral yield equations for lag screws and wood screws
• D for bolts

24
FASTENER BEARING LENGTH
Tapered tip length, E:

• Dimensions for Lag Screws in NDS Appendix L
• Wood screws, Nails/Spikes
• Tip length, E = 2D
• Bearing length = penetration – E/2
• 6D minimum penetration for nails*, spikes, wood screws
• 4D minimum penetration for lag screws
*Exception for double shear connections with clinched nails, D ≤ 0.148”

25
TECHNICAL REPORT 12
Provide tools for the analysis of

• gaps between members
• various fastener bending moment configurations
• fasteners through hollow members
• fasteners with tapered tips
Provides mechanics-based approach to Lateral Connection Design
Calculate “P” value with TR-12 equations

• divide by Rd (NDS Table 12.3.1B) to get “Z” equal to NDS values
http://www.awc.org/publications/TR/index.php

26
TECHNICAL REPORT 12
TR-12 Appendix A
• Provides design values inputs for various materials
• Dowel bearing strengths (Fe)
• Fastener bending yield strengths (Fyb)
http://www.awc.org/publications/TR/index.php

27
SINGLE SHEAR NAIL EXAMPLE
Compare to NDS Table 12N value:

Z = 121 lbs Single Nail ‐ Single Shear
Nail Properties Yield Mode Calculations
Nail Size 10d Mode Im 785
Diameter (in.) 0.148 Mode Is 280
Fyb (psi) 90000 Mode II 262
Length (in.) 3 Mode IIIm 272
Mode IIIs 121
Main Member Properties Mode IV 128
Main Member Thickness (in.) 2.5
Main Member Species Southern Pine Z (lbs) = 121
Main Member Dowel Bearing Strength (Fem) (psi) 5550
Side Member Properties
Side Member Thickness (in.) 0.75
Side Member Species Southern Pine
Side Member Dowel Bearing Strength (Fes) (psi) 5550
Calculated Inputs
Side Member Bearing Length (Ls) (in.) 0.75
Main Member Penetration (p) (in.) 2.25
Tapered Tip Length (E) (in.) 0.296
Main Member Bearing Length (Lm) (in.) 2.102
28
SHEAR EXAMPLES
Additional shear examples

• Smooth shank nail – single shear
• Wood Screw – double shear
• Bolt – single shear

29
Single Common Nail Lateral Design Value - Single Shear
Wood-to-wood Connection
Using the 2015 NDS yield limit equations in section 12.3, determine the Allowable Stress
Design (ASD) reference lateral capacity of a single shear connection with the following
configuration:
Main member
Nominal 3x Southern Pine (Actual thickness = 2.5 in.) (G = 0.55) (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
Side member
Nominal 1x Southern Pine (Actual thickness = 0.75 in.) (G = 0.55) (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
10d Common Nail (NDS Table L4)
D = 0.148 in.
Length = 3 in.
Define parameters:
Fem  5550 Main member Dowel Bearing Strength (NDS Table 12.3.3) (psi)
Fes  5550 Side member Dowel Bearing Strength (NDS Table 12.3.3) (psi)
Fem
Re 
Fes Re  1
Fyb  90000 Fastener dowel bending yield strength (psi) (NDS Table I1)
D  0.148 Nail Diameter (in.)
Tip  2  D Length of tapered fastener tip (in.) (NDS 12.3.5.3b)
Ls  0.75 Side member Dowel Bearing Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5)
Tip
Lm  3  Ls  Main member Dowel Bearing Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5.3)
2
Lm  2.1
NDS 12.1.6.5 Requires minimum main member penetration equal to 6D, Lm > 0.89 in.
Rd  2.2 Reduction Term (NDS Table 12.3.1B)

Calculate k1, k2, and k3 (NDS Table 12.3.1A)
Lm
Rt  Rt  2.803
Ls
 R  2  R 2  1  R  R 2  R 2 R 3  R  1  R 
 e e  t t  t e e t
k 1 
1  Re
k 1  0.935
 
2  Fyb 1  2  Re  D
2
k 2  1   
2 1  Re 
2
3  Fem Lm
k 2  1.04
 2  1  Re 2  Fyb  2  Re  D

2
k 3  1   
 Re  3  Fem Ls
2
k 3  1.294
Yield Mode Calculations (NDS Table 12.3.1A)
Mode Im
D Lm Fem
ZIm 
Rd
ZIm  785 Yield Mode Im Solution (lbs)
Mode Is
D Ls Fes
ZIs 
Rd
ZIs  280 Yield Mode Is Solution (lbs)

Mode II
k 1  D Ls Fes
ZII 
Rd
ZII  262 Yield Mode II Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIm
k 2  D Lm Fem
ZIIIm 
 1  2  R e  R d
ZIIIm  272 Yield Mode IIIm Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIs
k 3  D Ls Fem
ZIIIs 
 2  Re  Rd
ZIIIs  121 Yield Mode IIIs Solution (lbs)
Mode IV
 D2  2 Fem Fyb
ZIV  
 Rd  3   1  R e
 
ZIV  128
Yield Mode IV Solution (lbs)
 ZIm 
   785 
 ZIs   280 
 Z   
II  262 
Zdist   Zdist   Creating an array with all Yield Mode Solutions
 ZIIIm   272 
   121 
 ZIIIs   
Z   128 
 IV 

Z  min Zdist 
Z  121 Minimum value of all Yield Modes provides Z reference lateral
design value (lbs). Mode IIIs controls. Compare to NDS Table 12N
value = 121 lbs. See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of
additional adjustment factors for connections based on end use
conditions.
Single Wood Screw Lateral Design Value - Double Shear
Wood-to-wood Connection
Using 2015 NDS yield limit equations in section 12.3, determine the allowable stress design
reference lateral design value of a double shear connection with the following configuration:
Main member
Actual 3 in. Structural Composite Lumber Member (G = 0.5) (NDS 12.3.3.3)
Side members
Nominal 2x Douglas Fir-Larch (DF-L) (Actual thickness = 1.5 in.) (G = 0.5) (NDS 12.3.3A)
Number 10 Wood Screw (NDS Table L3)
D = 0.19 in.
Dr= 0.152 in.
Length = 6 in.
Define parameters:
Fem
Re  Re  1
Fes
tm  3.0 Main Member thickness (in.)
ts  1.5 Side Member thickness (in.)

D  0.19 Screw Diameter (in.)
Dr  0.152 Screw Root Diameter (in.)

Lscrew  6 Screw Length (in.)
Tip  2  D Length of tapered fastener tip (in.) (NDS 12.3.5.3b)

Lm  tm Lm  3
Main member Dowel Bearing Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5.3)
Tip
Ls  Lscrew  Lm  ts  Side member Dowel Bearing Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5)
2
Ls  1.31 NDS 12.1.5.6 requires minimum 6D penetration, Ls>1.14 in.
Rd  10D  0.5 Rd  2.4 Reduction Term (NDS Table 12.3.1B)

Calculate k3 (NDS Table 12.3.1A) (k1 and k2 not used)
 2  1  Re 2  Fyb  2  Re  Dr

2
k 3  1   
 Re  3  Fem Ls
2
k 3  1.113
Mode Im
Dr Lm Fem

ZIm 
Rd
Mode Is
2Dr Ls Fes

ZIs 
Rd
Mode IIIs
2k 3  Dr Ls Fem

ZIIIs 
 2  Re  Rd
Mode IV
 2D 2  2 F  F
 r  em yb
ZIV 
 R   3  1  R 
 d  e
ZIV  214
 ZIm 
   883 
 ZIs  772 
Zdist    Zdist   Creating an array with all Yield Mode Solutions
 286 
 ZIIIs   214 
Z   
 IV 

Z  min Zdist 
Z  214 Minimum value of all Yield Modes provides Z reference lateral design
value (lbs). Mode IV controls. There are no tabulated values in the NDS
to compare. See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional
adjustment factors for connections based on end use conditions.
Single Bolt Lateral Design Value - Single Shear Wood-to-Wood
Connection
Using the 2015 NDS Yield Limit Equations (NDS 12.3), determine the Allowable Stress
Design (ASD) reference lateral capacity of a single shear connection with the following
configuration:
Main member
Nominal 4x Hem-Fir (Actual thickness = 3.5")
Side member
Nominal 4x Hem-Fir (Actual thickness = 3.5")
Both members loaded parallel to grain

G = 0.43 for Hem-Fir (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
1/2 in. diameter bolt
8 in. Bolt with 1.5 in. thread length (NDS Table L1)
Define parameters:
Fem
Re 
Fes Re  1
D  0.5 Bolt Diameter (in.)

Per NDS 12.3.7.2, check that threads are less than 1/4 the bearing length in the member holding
the threads. In this case, 3.5 in./4 > 0.5 in. Therefore, OK to use D instead of Dr in calculations.
Ls  3.5 Side member Dowel Bearing Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5)
Lm  3.5 Main member Dowel Bearing Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5)
Rd1  4.0
Rd2  3.6
Reduction Terms (NDS Table 12.3.1B)
Rd3  3.2
Calculate k1, k2, and k3 (NDS Table 12.3.1A)
Lm
Rt  Rt  1
Ls
 R  2  R 2  1  R  R 2  R 2 R 3  R  1  R 
 e e  t t  t e e t
k 1 
1  Re
k 1  0.414
 
2  Fyb 1  2  Re  D
2
k 2  1   
2 1  Re 
2
3  Fem Lm
k 2  1.093
 2  1  Re 2  Fyb  2  Re  D

2
k 3  1   
 Re  3  Fem Ls
2
k 3  1.093
Mode Im
D Lm Fem
ZIm 
Rd1
Mode Is
D Ls Fes
ZIs 
Rd1

Mode II
k 1  D Ls Fes
ZII 
Rd2
ZII  966 Yield Mode II Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIm
k 2  D Lm Fem
ZIIIm 
1  2 Re Rd3
ZIIIm  957 Yield Mode IIIm Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIs
k 3  D Ls Fem
ZIIIs 
2  Re Rd3
Mode IV
 D2  2 Fem Fyb
ZIV  
 Rd3  3  1  Re
 
ZIV  663
 ZIm 
 
 ZIs 
 Z 
II 
Zdist   Creating an array with all Yield Mode Solutions
 ZIIIm 
 
 ZIIIs 
Z 
 IV 
Minimum value of all Yield Modes provides Z reference lateral

Z  min Zdist  Z  663
design value (lbs). Mode IV controls.
Repeat same problem, but solve using Technical Report 12 - General Dowel Equations for
Calculating Lateral Connection Values (TR-12) Equations for comparison
q s  Fes D Side member dowel bearing resistance, lbs/in.
q m  Fem D Main member dowel bearing resistance, lbs/in.
3
Fyb D Side and Main member dowel resistance (equal due to equivalent dowel
M 
6 diameter in both members), in.-lbs
gap  0 Gap between member shear planes, in.
The limiting wood stresses used in the yield model are based on the load at which the
load-deformation curve from a fastener embedment test intersects a line represented by the
initial tangent modolus offset 5%of the fastener diameter. The reduction term, Rd, reduces the
values calculated using the yield limit equations to approximate estimates of the nominal
proportional limit design valuesin previous NDS editions.
Yield Mode Calculations (TR-12 Table 1-1)
Mode Im
PIm  q m Lm
TR-12 Yield Mode Im Solution (lbs)

PIm  8400
Mode Is
PIs  q s Ls
TR-12 Yield Mode Is Solution (lbs)
PIs  8400
Mode II
1 1
AII  
4 qs 4 qm
Ls Lm
BII   gap 
2 2
2 2
q s Ls q m Lm
CII  
4 4
2
BII  BII  4  AII CII
PII 
2  AII
PII  3479 TR-12 Yield Mode II Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIm
1 1
AIIIm  
2 qs 4 qm
Lm
BIIIm  gap 
2
2
q m Lm
CIIIm  M 
4
2
BIIIm  BIIIm  4  AIIIm CIIIm
PIIIm 
2  AIIIm
PIIIm  3062
TR-12 Yield Mode IIIm Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIs
1 1
AIIIs  
4 qs 2 qm
Ls
BIIIs  gap 
2
2
q s Ls
CIIIs  M 
4
2
BIIIs  BIIIs  4  AIIIs CIIIs
PIIIs 
2  AIIIs
PIIIs  3062
TR-12 Yield Mode IIIs Solution (lbs)
Mode IV
1 1
AIV  
2 qs 2 qm
BIV  gap
CIV  M  M
2
BIV  BIV  4  AIV CIV
PIV 
2  AIV
PIV  2121 TR-12 Yield Mode IV Solution (lbs)
 PIm 
 Rd1 
 
 PIs 
 Rd1 
   2100 
 PII   2100  Converting from TR-12 "P" values to NDS "Z"
 R    values and creating an array. Shows TR-12
d2  966 
Zdist2   Zdist2   results equal NDS results for each Yield
 PIIIm   957  Mode. All values in units of lbs.
   957 
 Rd3   
P   663 
 IIIs 
 Rd3 
 
 PIV 
 Rd3 
 

Z2  min Zdist2  Z value from TR-12 equations is equivalent to Z value from NDS
equations and comparable to NDS Table 12A value Zparallel = 660
Z2  663 lb. See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment
factors for connections based on end use conditions.
 2100   2100 
 2100   2100  Zdist is NDS equation result, Zdist2 is
    TR-12 equation result, for Modes Im,
 966   966 
Zdist  Zdist2  Is, II, IIIm, IIIs, and IV, respectively. All
 957   957 
values in units of lbs.
 957   957 
   
 663   663 
POLLING QUESTION
Technical Report 12 can be used to calculate a dowel‐
type connection’s:
a) Reference withdrawal design values
b) Reference lateral design values
c) Combined lateral and withdrawal reference
design values
d) Maximum fastener sizes

30
2018 NDS CHANGES – WHAT’S COMING?
Revised withdrawal equations for deformed-shank nails
Inclusion of Roof Sheathing Ring Shank (RSRS) nail
Removal of generic threaded nail withdrawal provision
New equation for stainless steel smooth shank nails
Round-head fastener pull-through
December webinar on
2018 NDS changes!

31
WOODWORKS DESIGN OFFICE 11 SOFTWARE
SIZER
Gravity Design
Concept mode
Beam mode
Column mode
SHEARWALLS
Lateral Design (Wind and Seismic)
CONNECTIONS
Fasteners
DATABASE EDITOR
Add proprietary products
woodworks-software.com
32
Choose connection geometry:
Lapped shear
Wood-to-wood
Splice, two member

33
Choose fastener type:
Nails

34
Specify properties of main member:
Database editor

35
Database editor:

36
Specify properties of side member:
Database editor

Manual input section sizes 37
Wet service
factor (CM)
Specify additional Temperature

parameters: factor (Ct)
Fire retardant
treatment (Cft)
(Unique to
WoodWorks –
not in NDS)
Frequently used load
duration factor (CD)

38
Specify fastener
properties:

39
Preliminary connection layout:

40
Results:

41
Results:

42
SINGLE SHEAR BOLT EXAMPLE
Lapped shear
Wood-to-wood
Splice, two member

43
Bolts

44
Specify properties of main and side members:

45
Wet service
factor (CM)

Fire retardant
treatment (Cft)
(Unique to
WoodWorks –
not in NDS)

46
Specify fastener
properties:

47

48
Results:

49
Results:

50
Results:

51
LAG SCREW WITHDRAWAL EXAMPLE
Post and Beam

Beam-to-beam
One-sided

52
Lag screws

53
Specify properties of main and side members:

54
Wet service
factor (CM)

Fire retardant
treatment (Cft)
(Unique to
WoodWorks –
not in NDS)

55
Specify fastener properties:

56
Export to CAD file (.DXF format)


57
Results:

58
Results:

59
Results:

60
Results:

61
ADDITIONAL CONNECTION TYPES
Wood-to-wood:
Export as DXF
Wood-to-steel:
Wood-to-concrete:

62
WOODWORKS DESIGN OFFICE 11 SOFTWARE
SIZER
Gravity Design
Concept mode
Beam mode
Column mode
DATABASE EDITOR 10% discount for AWC members

Add proprietary products
SHEARWALLS For more information contact:

Lateral Design (Wind and Seismic)
sales@woodworks-software.com
CONNECTIONS or
Fasteners
support@woodworks-software.com
63
POLLING QUESTION
The WoodWorks Design Office software has versions for both US and
Canadian standards.
a) True
b) False

64
i n fo @ aw c . o r g | w w w. aw c . o r g
This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution,

display and use of the presentation without written permission of American Wood Council (AWC) is
prohibited. © American Wood Council 2017

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Connection Design

Lori Koch, P.E. Adam Robertson, M.A.Sc., P.Eng.

With the variety of fasteners available for wood construction, this

Disclaimer: Portions of this presentation were developed by a

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

1 Withdrawal and Shear Loading 3 Lateral Yield Modes

2 NDS-based Calculations 4 Software-based Solutions

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

1 Introduction 3 Shear Examples

2 Withdrawal Examples 4 Computer Aided Solutions

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

Chapter 13 – split rings and shear plates

Chapter 14 – timber rivets

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

Withdrawal Equations for Dowel-Type Fasteners

W = 1800 G3/2 D3/4

• Smooth shank nails (bright or galvanized carbon steel)

• Post-frame ring shank nails

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

Do NOT include length of tapered fastener tip in penetration

• Wood screws, Nails/Spikes

Include length of tapered fastener tip in penetration

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

Withdrawal based on inches of penetration into main member

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

G  0.42 Specific gravity (NDS Table 12.3.3A)

L  2.5 Nail Length (in.)

Ls  0.105 Side Member thickness (in.)

p t  L  Ls Nail penetration into main member (in.)

W  20.7 Reference withdrawal design value. Compare to NDS Table

Resistance  49 AWC Online Connection Calculator gives identical result of 49 lbs

D  0.5 Fastener diameter (in.)

L  4 Lag screw length (in.)

Ls  1.5 Side Member thickness (in.)

p t  L  Ls  tip Lag screw penetration into main member (in.)

W  436.6 Compare to NDS Reference Withdrawal Design Value Table

Members must be in contact

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

Fastener Bending Yield Strength (Fyb) sources:

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

• Adjust lm or ls to compensate for orthogonal

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

NDS Chapter 12 Tables use:

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

Tapered tip length, E:

*Exception for double shear connections with clinched nails, D ≤ 0.148”

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

Provide tools for the analysis of

Provides mechanics-based approach to Lateral Connection Design

Calculate “P” value with TR-12 equations

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples

• Provides design values inputs for various materials

• Dowel bearing strengths (Fe)

• Fastener bending yield strengths (Fyb)

DES 345 – Connection Design Examples