Translate the three different genre texts below into English and analyze the approaches, strategies, and

techniques of your translation by

using the table below (use the landscape orientation in page layout of MS Word) after that answer the question.

Text 1

After being reduced slightly to 25 percent from 28 percent in 2010, the idea to reduce the corporate tax rate to 17 percent through the
proposed revision of the Income Tax Law was raised by President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo in 2016, and then again by Prabowo Subianto, his rival
in the April presidential elections.

The blunt reasons behind this idea were to increase competitiveness and draw in foreign investment by simply matching it with Singapore’s
corporate tax rate. Although those reasons sound compelling, there are so many interdependent variables that should be taken into account and
analyzed carefully before making this significant policy change.

Setelah diturunkan dari 28 persen ke 25 persen di 2010, gagasan penurunan tarif pajak perusahaan menjadi 17 persen melalui usulan revisi
Hukum Pajak Penghasilan yang diterbitkan oleh Presiden Joko “Jokowi” Widodo tahun 2016, dan juga oleh Prabowo Subianto, saingannya di
pemilihan presiden bulan April.

Alasan-alasan konyol dibalik gagasan ini adalah menaikan daya saing dan menarik investasi asing dengan hanya menyamakan tarif pajak
perusahaan di Singapura. Meskipun alasan tersebut terdengar dipaksakan, ada banyak variabel saling bergantung yang harus diperhitungkan dan
dianalisa secara menyeluruh sebelum membuat perubahan besar aturan ini.
Text 2

After being reduced slightly to 25 percent from 28 percent in 2010, the idea to reduce the corporate tax rate to 17 percent through the
proposed revision of the Income Tax Law was raised by President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo in 2016, and then again by Prabowo Subianto, his rival
in the April presidential elections.

The blunt reasons behind this idea were to increase competitiveness and draw in foreign investment by simply matching it with Singapore’s
corporate tax rate. Although those reasons sound compelling, there are so many interdependent variables that should be taken into account and
analyzed carefully before making this significant policy change.

Setelah sedikit diturunkan dari 28 persen ke 25 persen dalam 2010, gagasan penurunan tarif pajak perusahaan menjadi 17 persen melalui
usulan revisi Hukum Pajak Penghasilan yang diterbitkan oleh Presiden Joko “Jokowi” Widodo tahun 2016, dan juga oleh Prabowo Subianto,
saingannya di pemilihan presiden bulan April.

Alasan-alasan konyol dibalik gagasan ini adalah menaikan daya saing dan menarik investasi asing dengan hanya menyamakan dengan tarif
pajak perusahaan di Singapura. Meskipun alasan tersebut terdengar dipaksakan, ada banyak variabel saling bergantung yang harus diperhitungkan
dan dianalisa secara menyeluruh sebelum membuat perubahan besar aturan ini.

Text 3

It was perhaps the most unusual sight ever beheld on the august and stately grounds of the Glasgow Institute of Science, founded in 1761
by grant of charter from George III. A large podium, studded with microphones, had been erected on the Great Lawn, directly in front of the
administration building. Before it had been set some three dozen folding chairs, on which sat reporters from local newspapers, the Times of
London, Nature, Oceanography, Time magazine, and a host of others. To the right of the podium were two television cameras, one from the BBC
and the other from CNN. To the podium’s left was a large wooden scaffold, upon which sat a large, strange-looking machine of dark metal: a cross
between a cigar tube and a pincushion, about thirty feet long, with a bulky attachment protruding from its upper edge.

Mungkin ini adalah pemandangan paling tidak biasa yang berlangsung di bulan Agustus dan megah tertancapnya Glasgow Institute of
Science, didirikan pada tahun 1761 melalui pengesahan piagam dari George III. Sebuah podium besar terhias dengan beberapa mikrofon, sudah
bediri tegak di Great Lawn yang berhadapan langsung dengan gedung administrasi. Sebelum dipasangnya sekitar 3 lusin kursi lipat dimana
duduknya beberapa reporter koran lokal, Times of London, Nature, Oceanography, majalah Time, dan rombongan lainnya. Dari sebelah kanan
podium ada 2 kamera televisi, satu dari BBC dan satu lagi dari CNN. Dari sebelah kiri podium ada perancah kayu besar, diatasnya terpasang
sebuah mesin metal gelap yang besar dan terlihat aneh: sebuah silang diantara tabung cerutu dan bantalan peniti, sekitar 30 kaki panjangnya,
dengan sebuah tambahan tebal menonjol dari ujung atasnya.

Worksheet of Translation

No. Text English Indonesian Approach, Description

Strategies, and
Techniques

1. After being reduced slightly to 25 After being reduced Setelah diturunkan Transposition Switching between
percent from 28 percent in 2010, the idea slightly being reduced and
to reduce the corporate tax rate to 17 slightly
percent through the proposed revision of
to 25 percent from 28 dari 28 persen ke 25 Modulation Switching the
the Income Tax Law was raised by
percent in 2010, persen di 2010, percentages
 President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo in Calque percent = persen
2016, and then again by Prabowo
the idea to reduce the gagasan penurunan tarif Reformulation to + reduce = reducing
Subianto, his rival in the April
corporate tax rate pajak perusahaan the is omitted
presidential elections.
to 17 percent through the menjadi 17 persen Calque Income Tax Law =
proposed revision of the melalui usulan revisi Hukum Pajak
Income Tax Law Hukum Pajak Penghasilan
Penghasilan percent = persen

was raised by President yang diterbitkan oleh Reformulation was raised = yang
Joko “Jokowi” Widodo Presiden Joko “Jokowi” diterbitkan
in 2016, Widodo tahun 2016, in = tahun

and then again by dan juga oleh Prabowo Compression then is omitted
Prabowo Subianto, his Subianto, saingannya di Modulation his = -nya
rival in the April pemilihan presiden bulan
Expansion Bulan is added between
presidential elections. April.
presiden and April

2. The blunt reasons behind this The blunt reasons behind Alasan-alasan konyol Transposition Switching between blunt
idea were to increase competitiveness this idea dibalik gagasan ini and reasons
and draw in foreign investment by were to increase adalah menaikan daya Reformulation To increase =
simply matching it with Singapore’s competitiveness and saing dan menarik menaikkan
corporate tax rate. Although those draw in foreign investasi asing
Modulation
reasons sound compelling, there are so investment
draw in = menarik
many interdependent variables that
should be taken into account and by simply matching it dengan hanya Modulation it = -nya
analyzed carefully before making this with Singapore’s menyamakan dengan Singapore’s = di
significant policy change. corporate tax rate. tarif pajak perusahaan di Singapura
Singapura.
corporate tax rate = tarif
Calque
pajak perusahaan

Although those reasons Meskipun alasan tersebut Literal The structures are
sound compelling, terdengar dipaksakan, translation matching.

there are so many ada banyak variabel Compression there is omitted

interdependent variables saling bergantung Transposition Switching between
adverb and noun

that should be taken into yang harus Equivalence take into account =
account and analyzed diperhitungkan dan diperhitungkan
carefully dianalisa secara carefully = dengan
Modulation
menyeluruh menyeluruh
 before making this sebelum membuat Transposition Switching between this,
significant policy change perubahan besar aturan significant, policy, and
ini. change.

3. It was perhaps the most unusual sight It was perhaps the most Mungkin ini adalah Transposition Switching between it
ever beheld on the august and stately unusual sight ever pemandangan paling and perhaps.
grounds of the Glasgow Institute of tidak biasa Switching between
Science, founded in 1761 by grant of most, unusual, sight, and
charter from George III. A large podium, Compression
ever.
studded with microphones, had been
was and the are omitted
erected on the Great Lawn, directly in
front of the administration building. beheld on the august and yang berlangsung di Expansion yang is added
Before it had been set some three dozen stately grounds of the bulan Agustus dan bulan is added
folding chairs, on which sat reporters Glasgow megah tertancapnya
Compression of the is omitted
from local newspapers, the Times of Glasgow Institute of
London, Nature, Oceanography, Time Science, Modulation stately grounds = megah

magazine, and a host of others. To the tertancapnya

right of the podium were two television Glasgow Institute of

Borrowing
cameras, one from the BBC and the other Science is not translated.
from CNN. To the podium’s left was a founded in 1761 by grant didirikan pada tahun Reformulation in = pada
large wooden scaffold, upon which sat a of charter from George 1761 melalui pengesahan Expansion tahun is added
large, strange-looking machine of dark III. piagam dari George III.
grant of charter =
metal: a cross between a cigar tube and a
pengesahan piagam
pincushion, about thirty feet long, with a Equivalence
bulky attachment protruding from its A large podium, studded Sebuah podium besar Reformulation Comma is omitted.
upper edge. with microphones, terhias dengan beberapa Expansion beberapa is added.
mikrofon,
Calque microphone = mikrofon
had been erected on the sudah bediri tegak di Modulation erected = berdiri tegak
Great Lawn, directly in Great Lawn yang directly in front of =
front of the berhadapan langsung berhadapan langsung
administration building. dengan gedung
Great Lawn is not
administrasi. Borrowing
translated.

Comma is omitted.
Reformulation
yang is added
Expansion
administration building
Transposition
= gedung administrasi

administration =
Calque administrasi

Before it had been set Sebelum dipasangnya Modulation Comma is omitted.

some three dozen folding sekitar 3 lusin kursi lipat had been is omitted.
chairs, on which sat dimana duduknya
it = -nya
reporters from local beberapa reporter koran
newspapers, lokal, some = beberapa

Transposition folding chairs = kursi

lipat
 sat reporters from local
newspapers = dimana
duduknya beberapa
reporter koran lokal

the Times of London, Times of London, Compression the, a, and of are

Nature, Oceanography, Oceanography,
majalah Borrowing omitted.
Time magazine, and a Time, dan rombongan Times of London,
host of others. lainnya. Oceanography, Time are
Transposition
not translated.

Switching between host

and others.

To the right of the podium Dari sebelah kanan Adaptation English is usually
were two television podium ada 2 kamera pointing from middle to
cameras, one from the televisi, satu dari BBC corner; contrary with
BBC and the other from dan satu lagi dari CNN. Indonesia.
CNN. Compression
the is omitted
Modulation
the other = satu lagi

To the podium’s left was Dari sebelah kiri podium Adaptation English is usually
a large wooden scaffold, ada perancah kayu besar, pointing from middle to
 corner; contrary with
Indonesia.

Switching between
Transposition
large, wooden, and
scaffold.

upon which sat a large, diatasnya terpasang Reformulation which sat = terpasang
strange-looking machine sebuah mesin metal gelap Compression of is omitted.
of dark metal: yang besar dan terlihat
Transposition Switching between
aneh:
large, strange-looking,
machine, dark metal.

a cross between a cigar sebuah silang diantara Compression Second a is omitted.

tube and a pincushion, tabung cerutu dan
about thirty feet long, bantalan peniti, sekitar 30
kaki panjangnya,

with a bulky attachment dengan sebuah tambahan Modulation its = -nya

protruding from its upper tebal menonjol dari ujung
edge. atasnya.
Question

What makes the differences in translating a text? Support with theories!

There are several obstacles when doing translation as defined by Christiane Nord (2005), as follows:

a. Language problems

The translator does not share the same sense of linguistic forms between the languages, but rather interpreting – either terminology, lexical, sematic,
stylistic; some or all of them.

b. Cultural problems

It occurs due to differences between two distinguished cultures - either cultural references transfer or cultural allusions transfer. Therefore, the
complexity to understand the message or identifying and decoding the sociocultural type of information are the cultural problem that have to be
encountered by translator.

c. Textual problems

The problems refer to the understanding of the source text, compared to intra-textual characteristics and extra-textual references, including the
coherence and cohesion textual elements (structures and phrases in the target text).

d. Pragmatic problems

Nord stated that the problems in this case are caused by differences between the text originality and the production situation of the translator. It
could be affected by the target readers; the transmission path between the message; the motivation of the texts; or the texts function.

Source:
Nord, C. (2005). Text analysis in translation: Theory, methodology, and didactic application of a model for translation-oriented text analysis (No.
94). Rodopi.