p= Asin 2x (2 7 or y Asin[ 22 —»0] (14.39) The harmonic wave given by Eq. 14.28 assumes that the displacement y is zero at 4 = ands = 0. If the uansverse wave is not zero, we generally express the harmonic ‘wave in the form: Asin(kx — of +4) or » =k, w= Inf) (14.40) Acos(kx—wt+9) where ¢ is a constant, called the phase constant, that can be determined from the wave’ Example 14.4 A harmonic wave traveling along a string in the direction of inereasing x has the following form y=0.4 sin(0.2.x — 5), where all the numei SI units. (a) Find the amplitude, wave number, angular frequency, and speed of the wave. (b) Find the wavelength, period, and frequency of the wave. I constants are in Solution: (a) Comparing this wave with y=Asin(kx — of + @), we find the amplitude, wave number, angular frequency, and phase to be: A=04m, k 0.2radm, w= Srads, and @=0 From Eq. 14.37 we find the speed of the wave to be:_@ __Srad/s ° = > 02 tad (b) Equation 14.31 gives the wavelength of the wave as follows: 2a 2x rad “kK 0.2 radim From Eq. 14.34 we can find the period of the wave as follows: Qe Qn rad Oo Studs Equation 14.35 gives the frequency of the wave as follows: 1 I I= 7 * 1265 Note that the quantities calculated are independent of the amplitude A. =25 m/s =314m = 1.265 = 0.857! = 0.8 cycle/s = 0.8 Hz