CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4

PRESENT SIMPLE / PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I. Simple Present
Form:
Most Verbs

Most verbs conjugate like the verb "run" below. Notice how you add an "s" to third-person forms. Third-
person negative forms and third-person questions are made using "does."

Positive Negative Question

I run. I do not run. Do I run?

You run. You do not run. Do you run?

We run. We do not run. Do we run?

They run. They do not run. Do they run?

He runs. He does not run. Does he run?

She runs. She does not run. Does she run?

It runs. It does not run. Does it run?

Instead of "s," "es" is added to positive, third-person forms of verbs ending with the following sounds: s,
z, sh, ch, j

To Be

The verb "be" is irregular in the Simple Present. It also has different question forms and negative forms.

Positive Negative Question

I am. I am not. Am I?

You are. You are not. Are you?

We are. We are not. Are we?

They are. They are not. Are they?

He is. He is not. Is he?

She is. She is not. Is she?

It is. It is not. Is it?

Examples:

 You speak English.

 Do you speak English?
 You do not speak English.

USE 1 Repeated Actions

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a
hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a
person often forgets or usually does not do.

Examples:

 I play tennis.
 She does not play tennis.
 Does he play tennis?
 The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
 The train does not leave at 9 AM.
 When does the train usually leave?
 She always forgets her purse.
 He never forgets his wallet.
 Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun.
 Does the Sun circle the Earth?

USE 2 Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will
be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make
generalizations about people or things.

Examples:

 Cats like milk.

 Birds do not like milk.
 Do pigs like milk?
 California is in America.
 California is not in the United Kingdom.
 Windows are made of glass.
 Windows are not made of wood.
 New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue.
USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future

Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most
commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events
as well.

Examples:

 The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.

 The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
 When do we board the plane?
 The party starts at 8 o'clock.
 When does class begin tomorrow?

USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not
happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.

Examples:

 I am here now.
 She is not here now.
 He needs help right now.
 He does not need help now.
 He has his passport in his hand.
 Do you have your passport with you?

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, frequently, usually, often,
sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, once/twice/three times a week, every …,

I sometimes stay up late but I am rarely late for school.

We don’t usually catch the bus to school.
Does it never snow in Vietnam?
 Present Continuous
FORM

Positive Negative Question

I am speaking. I am not speaking. Am I speaking?

You are speaking. You are not speaking. Are you speaking?

We are speaking. We are not speaking. Are we speaking?

They are speaking. They are not speaking. Are they speaking?

He is speaking. He is not speaking. Is he speaking?

She is speaking. She is not speaking. Is she speaking?

It is speaking. It is not speaking. Is it speaking?

USE 1 Now

Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at
this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.

Examples:

 You are learning English now.

 You are not swimming now.
 Are you sleeping?
 I am sitting.
 I am not standing.
 Is he sitting or standing?
 They are reading their books.
 They are not watching television.
 What are you doing?
 Why aren't you doing your homework?
USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now

In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on. Sometimes,
we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in
progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.

Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.)

 I am studying to become a doctor.

 I am not studying to become a dentist.
 I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
 I am not reading any books right now.
 Are you working on any special projects at work?
 Aren't you teaching at the university now?

USE 3 Near Future

Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the
near future.

Examples:

 I am meeting some friends after work.

 I am not going to the party tonight.
 Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
 Isn't he coming with us tonight?

USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something
irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present, but with negative
emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."

Examples:

 She is always coming to class late.

 He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
 I don't like them because they are always complaining.
REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also,
certain non-continuous meanings forMixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using
Present Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Present.

Examples:

 She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not Correct

 She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct

Prent Simple or Present Continuous

1. Look! They (leave) the house.

2. And look, she (wear) a raincoat because it (rain) outside.

3. He (watch / not) the news every day.

4. (you / go) on holiday by plane sometimes?

5. Brian (cycle) 30 km every day.

6. Samantha (do) her homework at the moment.

7. The baby (sleep / not) at the moment.

8. Normally, Jenny (wear) black shoes, but today she (wear) red wellies.

9. You (see / not) her every day.

10. I (read / not) a book now.

11. The school bag (be) very heavy

12. We (go / not) to school on Sundays.

13. Look! Jenny (go) to school.

14. My parents (shop) right now.

15. (they / play) computer games every day?

16. (she / eat) dinner at the moment?

17. (she / visit) her grandma very often?

18. He usually (get up) early in the morning.

19. On her back, Jenny (carry) her school bag.

20. What (they / do) right now?

21. (you/watch) TV every evening?

22. (he/eat) rice every day?

23. I (work) at the moment.

24. (he/come) to London often?

25. He (play) tennis now.

26. (you/work) at the zoo?

27. They (not/visit) their grandma on Tuesdays. 34.

28. He (not/play) golf now.

29. (you/play) tennis this week?

30. They (go) to a restaurant every Saturday.

31. She (not/go) to the cinema very often.

32. You usually (arrive) late.

33. He normally (eat) dinner at home.

35. (you/study) every night? 36.

37. (they/work) late usually? 38.

39. You (not/go) to school on Saturday or Sunday. 40.

41. I (not/work) at night. 42.

43. (she/work) at the moment? 44.

45. I (not/drink) coffee very often. 46.

47. Julie (sleep) now. 48.

 - Spelling rules
o Các động từ kết thúc là: o, ch, s, x, sh, ta thêm es:
VD: goes, fixes, finishes, passes, watches, …
o Các động từ kết thúc là: phụ âm + y, ta chuyển y -> i + es:
VD: carries, dries, flies, studies,copies
o Các động từ còn lại: ta thêm –s:
VD: works, writes, knows, listens, learns, …
- Pronounciation rules:
o –s /s/: V ends with the sound /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/
VD: Starts, hates, stops, works, meets, surfs,….
o –es /iz/: V ends with –ge, sh, ch, /z/, /s/
VD: changes, watches, fixes, washes, uses, misses, ….
o –s/z/: các âm còn lại
VD: listens,

- Quy tắc viết –ing sau V:

1). If the verb ends in an E we remove the E and add ING.
live -> living make -> making
take -> taking have -> having
2). If the verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant (C-V-C), we double the
final consonant and add ING.
sit -> sitting swim -> swimming
plan -> planning get -> getting
Note: If the verb ends with two vowels plus a consonant or two consonant plus a
vowel, you should generally not double the final consonant:
eat -> eating talk -> talking
treat -> treating pour -> pouring
3). If a two-syllable verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant, we do
not double the final consonant when the stress is on the first syllable.
listen -> listening open -> opening visit -> visiting
happen -> happening enter -> entering water -> watering
4). But, we do not double the final consonant when the verb ends in W, X or Y or
when the final syllable is not emphasized.
fix -> fixing snow -> snowing
play -> playing box -> boxing
 5). If the verb ends in consonant + vowel + L, we normally double the final L and
add ING.
travel -> travelling snorkel -> snorkelling
marvel -> marvelling equal -> equalling
6). If the verb ends in IE we change it to YING.
lie -> lying die -> dying tie -> tying

Write the words in the forms of V-ing and Vs.

Say the Vs and tick in the correct column: /S/, /Z/, or /IZ/.
Verb V-ing V-s /s/ /z/ /iz/
1. love
2. wake
3. push
4. leave
5. lie
6. hate
7. put
8. dream
9. snore
10. need
11. go
12. find
13. say
14. continue
15. shake
16. shout
17. get
18. want
19. run
20. watch
21. read
22. study
23. plan
24. agree
25. treat
26. open
27. travel
28. date
29. miss
30. carry