MICROBIOLOGY

An evolving Science

Joan l. Slonczewski
John w. Foster
 contents

4 Highlights
6 Brief Contents
9 Extended Contents
17 Media Package
21 About the Authors
22 Related Titles
23 Ordering and Information
 Microbiology
MICROBIOLOGY An Evolving Science
An Evolving Science

Joan L. Slonczewski, Kenyon College

* John W. Foster, University of South Alabama

Microbiology: An Evolving Science promotes a clear understanding of

this rapidly advancing field in two distinctive ways. First, an emphasis on
* .*
current research, genomics, and molecular genetics enables students to
feun L. Slonczc- wski learn how microbiologists think as they master the discipline’s founda-
^
.
i
John \\\ Foster
tional topics. Second, a stunning and consistently executed art program
helps students visualize key microbiological processes and structures.

■ Hardcover, 1,100 pages ■ ISBN 978-0-393-97857-5


Common shapes of bacteria. The shape of
most bacterial cells can be discerned with light
microscopy, but their subcellular structures and
surface details cannot be seen. Left: Mediscan/
Visuals Unlimited; center and right: Dennis
Kunkel Microscopy.
X r
4
Highlights
Microbiology’s emphasis on molecular genetics and genomics teaches
students how contemporary microbiologists understand and approach
the field. Early coverage of genetics enables the authors to demonstrate the
importance of genomics throughout the book. This approach gives students
many advantages, including an understanding of how genomes reveal
potential metabolic pathways of diverse organisms and how genomics and
metagenomics reveal the character of microbial communities.
Current research examples throughout the text enrich students’ under-
standing of foundational topics. Every chapter presents numerous current
research examples within the up-to-date framework of molecular biology,
facilitating the incorporation of the latest research into the foundational
topics of genetics, physiology, ecology, evolution, and immunology.
^
*
7
r
 Microbial ecology and medical microbiology receive equal emphasis, with
much attention to the merging of these fields. Microbiology provides bal-
anced coverage of microbial ecology and medical microbiology. In addition
to devoting six chapters to each subject, the authors consider both ecological
and medical examples each time a principle is introduced.

A stunning and consistently executed art program helps students visu-

alize key processes and showcases the latest structural discoveries.
Acknowledging that the successful microbiology student must learn to visu-
alize key microbiological processes, Microbiology boasts a consistent, unified
Viruses infect algae. A virus attaches
art program that speaks to today’s visual student and showcases the latest
to the surface of a marine phytoplankton,
Emiliana huxleyi (SEM). Society for General structural discoveries.
Microbiology, Reading, UK
In-text features throughout the book aid student understanding and stimu-
late inquiry. “Thought Questions” throughout the text prompt students to
think about the core concepts. “To Summarize” features ensure that students
understand the key concepts of each section before they continue with the
/A
reading. And optional “Special Topics” boxes show the process of science
s
ra% tti & and give a human face to the research.

* -
m9
miI
'
<

Conveying the excitement of an evolving scientific field, Microbiology

portrays a science that is dynamic, exciting, and full of opportunities for

*
e i %
students to do important research as undergraduates now or as graduate
students. Each part begins with an interview of a prominent microbiologist

S ^F'- working today, and the work of contemporary scientists is presented along-
side that of the traditional icons.

5
 Brief Contents
 
Part I: The Microbial Cell 
1 Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
2 Observing the Microbial Cell

■
4 Chapter 4 introduces the fundamental 3 Cell Structure and Function
classes of metabolism, to be developed further
in Part III. 4 Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development  

■6 Viral genetics is introduced in preparation for 5 Environmental Influence and Control of Microbial Growth
the key roles viruses play in microbial genetics,
which is covered in Part II. 6 Virus Structure and Function

■
Part II Genetics is covered before metabolism, Part II: Genes and Genomes
enabling the authors to show the application
of genetic analysis to metabolic questions 7 Genomes and Chromosomes
and microbial diversity. Note, however, that
metabolism is actually introduced in Chapter 4 8 Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics
and that the chapters of Part III can be covered
earlier as desired. 9 Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution
10 Molecular Regulation

■
■ Chapter 11 treats examples of viruses in
11 11 Viral Molecular Biology
depth, emphasizing the diversity of molecular
mechanisms, such as primers consisting of 12 Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology
host-derived proteins or transfer RNA.
Part III: Metabolism and Biochemistry
13 Energetics and Catabolism
■
Part III The text presents the fundamental
chemistry of metabolism, including full 14 Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis
structural formulas for most pathways. The
diversity of bacterial and archaeal energetics 15 Biosynthesis
is emphasized. The chapters of Part III can be
covered before Part II, as desired. 16 Food and Industrial Microbiology

6
■
Part IV The text presents up-to-date coverage Part IV: Microbial Diversity and Ecology
of microbial evolution and a phylogeny-based
view of microbial diversity in the three domains. 17 Origins and Evolution
The varied roles of microbes in Earth’s bio-
sphere are presented, with relevance to global 18 Bacterial Diversity
concerns.
19 Archaeal Diversity
■
■■
12 ■■
16 ■■
22 ■ In addition to the numerous
28 20 Eukaryotic Diversity
examples of applied microbiology throughout
the text, Parts II through V each conclude with 21 Microbial Ecology
a chapter covering the practical applications of
the preceding chapters. 22 Microbes and the Global Environment
 

■
Part V The microbial fundamentals and re- Part V: Medicine and Immunology
search perspectives of Parts I–IV are applied to
show how modern research reveals causative 23 Human Microflora and Nonspecific Host Defenses
agents and develops new therapies.
24 The Adaptive Immune Response
25 Microbial Pathogenesis

■
■ An organ systems approach is used
26 26 Microbial Diseases
to discuss disease in terms of the different
microorganisms that can cause a given set of 27 Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
symptoms. Patient case histories illustrate key
concepts of microbial diseases while showing 28 Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology
students the clues used to rule out or rule in
different possible causes.  
Appendices  
Appendices For students in need of review, A1 Biological Molecules
two appendices present essential material from
introductory biology. A2 Introductory Cell Biology

7
 Model of a bacterial cell. Envelope: The cell
membrane contains embedded proteins for
Ribosome
structure and transport. Cytoplasm: Molecules
mRNA of nascent messenger RNA (mRNA) extend out
E
of the nucleoid to the region of the cytoplasm
P 50S rich in ribosomes. Nucleoid: The chromosomal
A
DNA is wrapped around binding proteins.
Flagellum Polypeptide
30S

1 i »1
Flagellar
U
motor
vsJ
^F**ir*

DNA-binding protein
u
K
c
HU
* s
#
%
*
f
#
*
n O *+
«s ft ] *
S
V
RNA polymerase
s ^i *
-
e
$4! A *
*
i#

*
14 *
DNA i
rJ Bt
* :o
i
>

RNA ^ fj

1?
»

50 nm
* *
V
*
<r
r
a
*
=
11 Oi*
 Extended Contents
 

Part I: The Microbial Cell 

Bacterial Cell Components
Outer membrane proteins:
iJS Sugar porin (10 nm)
I Braun lipoprotein (8 nm)
Inner membrane proteins:
a Glyceral porin
o Secretory complex (Sec)
Lipopolysaccharide
1 Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery presents the history of microbial
discovery from ancient times up to the present day, including twentieth-
century discoverers of gene cloning, the archaeal domain, and the ubiquity of
horizontal gene transfer.
2 Observing the Microbial Cell presents microscopy as the key tool of
microbial discovery, from an in-depth treatment of light microscopy and

Outer membrane a ATP synthase (20 nm diameter

in inner membrane; 32 nm total
height)
electron microscopy to examples of confocal fluorescence and scanning probe
microscopy. In-depth coverage of microscopy helps the student evaluate
Envelope

Cell wall
Periplasmic proteins:
models of the cell presented in Part II, Genes and Genomes, and Part III,
Periplasm
Inner membrane Arabinose-binding protein
Metabolism and Biochemistry.
(cell membrane) * (3 nm x 3 nm x 6 nm)
Acid resistance chaperone (HdeA)
3 Cell Structure and Function emphasizes the functional unity of the cell,
(3 nm x 3 nm x 6 nm)
Disulfide bond protein (DsbA) from envelope to nucleoid. Coverage includes envelope diversity (Gram
Ribosome (3 nm x 3 nm x 6 nm)

Cytoplasmic proteins:
positive, Gram negative, mycobacteria, and archaea), up-to-date models of
Peptide the prokaryotic cytoskeleton, and nucleoid organization. The organization of
Pyruvate kinase
(5 nm x 10 nm x 10 nm) DNA and RNA synthesis points to detailed exploration in Part II.
Cytoplasm

Phosphofructokinase
RNA (4 nm x 7 nm x 7 nm)
Proteasome
(12 nm x 12 nm x 15 nm)
4 Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development introduces the
RNA
Chaperonin GroEL fundamental classes of metabolism, to be developed further in Part III.
(18 nm x 14 nm)
polymerase Other proteins Developmental diversity includes biofilm formation, sporulation, and
73
Transcription and translation complexes:
“multicellular” fruiting body cycles.

DNA bridging
a RNA Polymerase (10 x 10 x 16 nm)
5 Environmental Influence and Control of Microbial Growth presents
protein H-NS

DNA-binding
$>
< Ribosome (21 x 21 x 21 nm)

Nucleoid components:
“extreme” environments and microbial adaptations, as well as practical
applications for control. Environmental topics are further explored in Part
protein HU
Nucleoid

y DNA (2.4 nm wide x 3.4 nm/10 bp) IV, Microbial Diversity and Ecology, while pathogens and their control are
DNA
a DNA-binding protein (3 x 3 x 5 nm) pursued in Part V, Medicine and Immunology.
DNA-bridging protein (3 x 3 x 5 nm)

9
 6 Virus Structure and Function includes up-to-date visualization methods
such as cryo-EM as well as fluorescent-focus assays. Viral genetics is
introduced in preparation for the key roles viruses play in microbial genetics,
which is covered in Part II.

Part II: Genes and Genomes

7 Genomes and Chromosomes presents the structure and function

of microbial DNA, emphasizing unity of mechanism as well as diversity
of genome structure, such as the existence of multiple linear and circular
chromosomes within some bacteria.

8 Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics presents gene expression,

from transcription and translation through chaperone-assisted folding and
transmembrane secretion. It also describes how knowledge of genes and
proteins led to the science of bioinformatics.
A.
–10
σ-factor
region 2
DNA

–35

E. coli sigma factor binds to two sequences in

a DNA promoter. Colors on sigma show various
domains. Green is region 2, which binds to the
–10 region of promoters. Dark red represents
region 4 of sigma that binds to the –35 pro- σ-factor
moter region. Blue and yellow mark regions 1 region 4
and 3, respectively, that have other functions.
Gray is part of core RNA-P. Purple on DNA are
the –10 and –35 promoter regions.

The inverted triangle represents a 245 amino acid

region present in σ70 but not most other sigmas.
B.

10 Factor Region

–10 Binding –35 B

1 2 3 4
70
 9 Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution emphasizes the
multiple means of prokaryotic gene transfer, including its relevance to the
evolution of pathogens and hosts. Intriguing variations include the role
of the transformation apparatus in enabling bacteria to consume DNA for
energy.

10 Molecular Regulation presents current models of molecular regulation,

with relevance to survival in natural ecosystems and in host organisms.

11 Viral Molecular Biology treats examples of viruses in depth,

emphasizing diversity of molecular mechanisms, such as primers consisting
of host-derived proteins or transfer RNA.

12 Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology presents research approaches

Karl Stetter collects thermophilic microbes and practical examples of applying molecular genetics to microbial
from volcanic hot springs in Siberia. Courtesy
discovery.
Karl Stetter.

Part III: Metabolism and Biochemistry

»
- J TJ| 13 Energetics and Catabolism presents the thermodynamic basis of
microbial energetics, including emerging catabolic pathways with very small
* free-energy changes. We present experimental tools used to reveal previously

» •
:
- unknown pathways.

14 Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis explores electron transport

as a unifying principle of respiration, lithotrophy, and photosynthesis.
Electrochemical potential is introduced with key supporting experiments.
* ^ 1 Lithotrophy is explored, including intriguing examples such as gold-
:’
-
. li
m m reducing bacteria as well as emerging topics of anaerobic methane and
ammonia oxidation.

11
 A. DNA replication
Leading strand 3′
DNA polymerase Helicase 5′
Template strand complex
3′
5′
3′ Parental DNA helix
Newly synthesized strand 3′
Lagging strand
Second Template
new strand strand ssDNA
3′ 5′ binding proteins
Direction RNA
of replication 5′ First new strand
RNA primer
primer Slip in template
Slip in new strand causes strand causes
increase in repeats. decrease in repeats.
B. C.
New strand 5 I 4
I 3
I 2
I 1
I New strand 5 I 4
I 3I 2
I 1I
i i i i i i i i i I RNA primer | 1 | | | | | | | I RNA primer
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
A T CG T T T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C CG A A G A A G A T CG T T T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C CG A A G A A G
T A G C A A A A G A G A A G A G A A G A G A A G A G A A G A GG C T T C T T C A C G T A G C A A A A G A G A A G A G A A G A G A A G A G A A G A GG C T T C T T C A C G
Direction of replication Template strand Direction of replication Template strand
G A A
G
C

C A
C G G
T T A A A G
4 New strand slips C T A 4
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
G A
C C T
A T CG T T T C T C T T C C CTCT TCTCT TCTC T GC A T CG T T T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C T GC
TT
T T TT
T A G C A A A A G A G A A G A G A G G A G A G A A G A GG C T T C
A C CG
A A TT A T A G C A A A A G A G A A G A G A A G A G A A G A G A A G A GG C T T C T T C A C G
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
V
AG
A Enzymes chop
G
A

O s,
New round of replication Template strand slips off unpaired

—
strand and loop. /
6 [ 5 I 4 I 3 I 2 1
l 4 3 2 1
„ i | i i i i | i .I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
GC T T T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C T T C T C CG A A G A A G T GC A T CG T T T T C T C T C T C T T C T C T T C T C CG A A G A A G T GC
T
C G A A A A G A G A A G A G A A G A G A A G A G A A G A G A A G A GG C T T C T T C A C G T A G C A A A A G A G A A G A G A A G A G A A G A GG C T T C T T C A C G
12
Au Q: For consistency, we picked up part A from
a previous figure, but in order for parts B and
C to align with A, we needed to flip the information

Slipped-strand mispairing. (A) A DNA poly-
merase dimer moving along a replication fork.
(b) The series of events that occur if the newly
synthesized strand slips back relative to the
template strand. (c) What happens if, prior to
replication, the original template strand slips
back relative to its complementary strand.
15 Biosynthesis presents key pathways of carbon and nitrogen fixation,
as well as amino acid and fatty acid biosynthesis. Modular synthesis of
polyketides and peptide antibiotics is presented.
16 Food and Industrial Microbiology shows how microbial metabolism
contributes to food production, and how microbial pathways are applied
in development of new industrial products ranging from drugs to clothing
detergents.
Part IV: Microbial Diversity and Ecology
17 Origins and Evolution explores the evidence for origins of early
life, including microfossils, chemical signatures, and molecular biology.
Phylogeny and horizontal gene transfer are explored as the basis for
microbial diversity.
18 Bacterial Diversity explores the diverse kinds of bacteria, organized in
a framework that attracts student attention and aids memory. We include
deep-branching thermophiles such as Aquifex and Chloroflexus, filamentous
and colonial Cyanobacteria, spore-forming and non-spore-forming
Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, the five classes of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides and
related anaerobes, Spirochetes, and appendaged and cell wall-less bacteria.
We discuss the challenges of defining new species and taxa. Chapters 18
through 20 are supplemented by the online student-authored Microbial
Biorealm, which provides details on over 300 genera.
19 Archaeal Diversity explores the diversity of archaea. Originally
thought to exist only in extreme environments, archaea are now found to
be ubiquitous in soil and water, and even in the human digestive tract. We
include the thermophilic Crenarchaeota, such as Sulfolobus and Pyrodictium,
as well as mesophilic crenarchaeotes and even sponge endosymbionts.
We cover the salt-loving Haloarchaea, the methanogens, and the elusive
Nanoarchaea, whose tiny size pushes the limits of viability.
13

Louis Pasteur, founder of medical microbiology
and immunology. (A) Pasteur’s contributions to
the science of microbiology and immunology
earned him lasting fame. (b) Swan-necked flask.
Pasteur showed that in such a flask, the con-
tents remain free of microbial growth, despite
access to air. Photo courtesy Institut Pasteur.
A.
u Part V: Medicine and Immunology
5
f the thought processes and research practices that medical
* B.
Growth medium
14
20 Eukaryotic Diversity presents major categories of eukaryotic organisms
traditionally studied as microbes. Phylogeny is emphasized, including
recent data revealing the unexpectedly close relatedness between fungi and
metazoan animals. Key groups of algae and protists are presented, including
lobed and shelled amebas, flagellates and ciliates, and colonial protists.
21 Microbial Ecology covers the role of microbes in soil, aquatic, and
marine ecosystems, as well as animal- and plant-associated communities.
In marine ecology we emphasize our growing awareness of the roles of
previously unknown microbial phototrophs, archaea, and viruses.
22 Microbes and the Global Environment presents a global picture
of microbial contributions to cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and other
elements. Applications are presented for environmental management and
bioremediation.
23 Human Microflora and Nonspecific Host Defenses summarizes
microbial-host interactions and describes the body’s innate defenses against
infection. All chapters of Part V present an integrated view of microbial
disease in terms of identification, diagnosis, treatment
and tracking through case histories, and descriptions of
Open to air /
professionals and microbiologists use to understand host/
microbe interactions.
S curve excludes
dust and microbes
24 The Adaptive Immune Response outlines the basics
of the immune system from antibody synthesis to allergic
reactions and illustrates how the many parts of the system
collaborate to fight disease from without (microbial
infections) and from within (cancer).

The replisome and the DNA origin. Melanie
Berkmen, working in the laboratory of Alan
Grossman, obtains the fluorescence micro-
graphs shown. Courtesy Melanie Berkmen.
I - -
25 Microbial Pathogenesis presents the different pathogenic mechanisms
employed by various organisms to cause disease, such as the modes of action
of various toxins and the mechanisms bacteria and viruses use to hijack host
cell metabolism.
26 Microbial Diseases selects patient case histories to illustrate key
concepts of microbial diseases while showing students the clues used to
rule out or rule in different possible causes. Case histories draw the students
into the material, and help them to more easily remember and integrate the
concepts. An organ systems approach is taken to reflect how clinicians begin
the process of diagnosing disease.
27 Antimicrobial Chemotherapy continues the case study approach to
explore how antibiotics work, and how microbes continually evolve clever
ways to circumvent or destroy antimicrobials, and reveals how diagnostic
laboratories test microbes for antibiotic susceptibility.
28 Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology explains how clinical
microbiology laboratories identify the agents of infectious disease and
discusses the detective work used by local, national, and international
agencies to study the epidemiology of known and newly emerging infectious
diseases.
Appendices
1 Biological Molecules reviews the structures of fundamental molecules
such as nucleotides, amino acids, and phospholipids.
2 Introductory Cell Biology reviews the structure of cells, including
components such as membranes and organelles.
15
Mechanism of action for type II topoisom-
erases (DNA gyrase of E. coli). The gyrase dsDNA
enzyme grabs DNA and, in an ATP-dependent
process, introduces a double-strand break,
passes another part of the double helix through
the break, and then reseals the break. The re- GyrB
sult is the introduction of a negative supercoil.
GyrA

&
<ATP

ADP
ATP

ADP
GyrB grabs one section
of double-stranded DNA
(represented by cylinder).

GyrA introduces
double-strand break in
this section (cylinder) and
holds the two ends apart
while remaining covalently
attached to the DNA.

GyrA ATPase passes the

intact double-stranded
section through the
double-stranded break.

GyrB rejoins the cleaved

DNA and opens at the
other end to allow the
strand that has passed
through to exit.

16
 A complete, easy-to-use Media Package expands
coverage of interesting topics and aids understand-
ing of complex processes.

Process Animations Developed specifically for Microbiology: An Evolving

Science, these animations bring key figures from the text to life, presenting
central microbial processes in a dynamic format. The animations can be
enlarged to full-screen view, and include VCR-like controls that make it easy
for instructors to control the pace of the animation during lecture.

vwwv Weblink Icons throughout the text point students to the student website,
which serves as a portal to websites where they can research a host of topics.
Each link was reviewed and approved by the authors to ensure that only
high-interest, high-quality sites were selected.

MicrobeWiki Joan Slonczewski hosts a free wiki—an online forum that allows
users to add and edit content on microbes and microbiology. The site is
refereed for accuracy and quality by Joan Slonczewski and includes several
sub-areas:
■■ Microbial Biorealm: encylopedia of bacteria, archaea, and
eukaryotic microbes.
■■ Viral Biorealm: encyclopedia of viruses of animals and plants
and bacteriophages.
■■ Microbial World News: highlights of microbiology in the news.
■■ Microbial Mythology: common errors and controversies in microbiology.

17
 Cytoplasm
Influenza virion
HA
1. Virion uptake Replication of the influenza virus The influ-
8CtKZS enza virion attaches to glycoprotein receptors
Oo - - - --
y f

on the host cell membrane and is taken up

through endocytosis. Acid triggers release of
Endosome Receptor with
N/N/N/N/
^ sialic acid
viral RNA and proteins into the cytoplasm. The
^(XvWNA
JVXAAA
viral RNA segments enter the nucleus for repli-
oO 5
QfWX

H+
! ^
cation by the viral RNA-RNA polymerase. Viral
2. (–) RNA and RNA-RNA genes are transcribed in the nucleus, and viral
Nuclear
polymerase are released. pore proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm
and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Progeny
(–) strand RNA
segment virions complete their assembly at the
8. Transcription 9. Transcription cell membrane where they are coated
3. (–) RNA and polymerase (+) strand by host membrane and viral envelope
enter nucleus. o
proteins, and are released from the

-
0

o
0
o host cell.
o o
^ WW^WJ
0 0 0 /
oo o o o /WS 10. Packaging
5
^3 o
RNA pol components o o0 o
6 o
^
T O
(–) strand RNA (–) strand proteins bind RNA
(PB1, PB2, PA, NP) o 0 0 segment genome segments.
o
o
0
0
4. Transcription
(+) strand mRNA primed by capped
translation 5′ C 3′ host mRNA.
0 11. Packaged
PB1, PB2, PA
5. (+) mRNA translation
^^Qwwwvwww
;
C
C
\ /\/\/\/ w/ \ /\/\X/\/\/\/

HA, NA Nucleus
Q
oo
o
RNA exits
nucleus.
Qwvwwwww
C M1, NS1 O
5′ mRNA o 0 o
C o O Q
o 0
6. (+) mRNA translation: o o
Envelope proteins enter ER. 0 0
C M2, NS2 o
3′ o
HA \V
NA
5′
C 3′
°
o °/o \
o
o
5′ C
o M1
3′
n 5′ C 3′
M2
xo NS2o is
13. Envelope proteins
enter Golgi.
ER
7. Packaging
proteins return O
-^o3*iky
0 6?
6?
6? 6? to nucleus. 0 0
O 0*
Q NS2 ^
° »^
° o
0 0
O
0 6?
Q 12. Capsid
assembles.
/

Golgi

14. Envelope proteins

vkl
^crsor 15. Envelope
coats capsid.
transfer to cell membrane.

18
*
^ /» 16. Virion buds out.
M StudySpace This student website includes multiple-choice quizzes, process
animations, vocabulary flashcards, indices of the Weblink reference sites
from the text, and prominent links to Joan Slonczewski’s MicrobeWiki.

Ebook Same great book at half the price. Microbiology: An Evolving Science is
also available as an ebook from nortonebooks.com. With a Norton ebook,
you can electronically highlight text, use sticky notes, and work with fully
zoomable images from the book.

Drawn Art and Photographs Digital files of all drawn art and most
photographs are available to qualified adopters.

Instructor’s Manual This valuable resource includes chapter overviews,

answers to end-of-chapter questions, and a test bank of 2,000 questions.

Test Bank The Test Bank includes 2,000 questions in ExamView® Assessment
Suite format.

BlackBoard Learning System coursepacks These coursepacks include

classroom-ready content.

19
 /

-
i L
'
'
*1 i

% * 1

A *
% *>

T> ;,
Si t
„ *

- stsr
a
.m

&
*
t iK #_ > ~*

W
aF *

?+i t +mf .

fTr H V
f

i

Helicobacter pylori within the crypt cells of
the stomach lining. Microscopy demonstrated
the presence of H. pylori, the causative agent
of gastritis, growing on the lining of the human
stomach, a location previously believed too
acidic to permit microbial growth. Mediscan/
Visuals Unlimited
About the Authors
John W. Foster received his B.S. from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
and Science (now the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia), and his
Ph. D. from Hahnemann University (now Drexel University School of
Medicine) also in Philadelphia, where he worked with Albert G. Moat.
After postdoctoral work at Georgetown University, he joined the Marshall
University School of Medicine in West Virginia and is currently teaching at
the University of South Alabama College of Medicine in Mobile, Alabama.
Dr. Foster has coauthored three editions of the textbook Microbial Physiology
and has published over 100 journal articles describing the physiology
and genetics of microbial stress responses. He has served as Chair of the
Microbial Physiology and Metabolism division of the American Society for
Microbiology, and is a member of the editorial advisory board of the journal
Molecular Microbiology.
Joan L. Slonczewski received her B.A. from Bryn Mawr College, and her
Ph.D. in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry from Yale University, where
she studied bacterial motility with Robert M. Macnab. After postdoctoral
work at the University of Pennsylvania, she taught undergraduate microbi-
ology at Kenyon College, where she earned a Silver Medal in the National
Professor of the Year program from the Council for the Advancement and
Support of Education. She has published numerous research articles with
undergraduate coauthors on bacterial pH regulation, and has published five
science fiction novels including A Door into Ocean which earned the John
W. Campbell Memorial Award. She serves as At-large Member represent-
ing Divisions on the Council Policy Committee of the American Society for
Microbiology, and is a member of the Editorial Board of the journal Applied
and Environmental Microbiology.
21
 Related Titles
 
Visit wwnorton.com for more information about these titles
or any of Norton's publications in biology.

DtaconK So :« jp Discover Biology

Third Edition and Core Topics Third Edition
Michael L. Cain, Hans Damman, Robert Lue, and Carol Kaesuk Yoon,
with contributions from Richard Morel

Principles of Principles of
Animal Behavior Developmental Biology
Lee Alan Dugatkin Fred Wilt and Sarah Hake

Vaccine Shots in the Dark

h The Controversial The Wayward Search
Story of Medicine’s for an AIDS Vaccine
Greatest Lifesaver Jon Cohen
Arthur Allen

U
&— -
'
,v
The Doctor’s Plague Federal Bodysnatchers
Germs, Childbed »
and the New Guinea Virus
TliH tkiHft ' PI M-JUI
Fever, and the Robert Desowitz
Strange Story of
Ignac Semmelweis
ss
Sherwin Nuland

22
B
W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. serves your area. Be sure to indicate the name Hong Kong and Macau
Independent and Employee-owned and enrollment of your course, along with Transglobal Publishers Service, Ltd.
Phone: (800) 233-4830 a phone number at which we might contact 27/F Unit E Shield Industrial Centre
Fax: (800) 458-6515 you for more information. 84/92 Chai Wan Kok Street
For more information on our Tsuen Wan, N.T.
publications in biology, please visit World Addresses Hong Kong
wwnorton.com/college/biology. United Kingdom, Éire, Europe,
the Middle East, Africa People’s Republic of China
To contact your local Norton W. W. Norton & Company Ltd. Everest International Publishing Services
representative, please visit Castle House Wei Zhao, Director
wwnorton.com/college/contact. 75/76 Wells Street 2-1-503 UHN Intl
London W1T 3QT 2 Xi Ba He Dong Li
For secondary school orders, wwnorton.co.uk Beijing 100028
please contact Peoples Education:
299 Market Street Australia Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand,
Saddle Brook, NJ 07663-5312 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. Indonesia
Phone: (800) 822-1080 42 McDougall Street APAC Publishers Services Pte, Ltd.
Fax: (201) 712-0045 Milton, Queensland 4064 Block 8, #05-02
peoplesed.com Lorong Bakar Batu
New Zealand Singapore 348743
Examination requests Pearson Education New Zealand
If you teach a course for which you would 67 Apollo Drive, Mairangi Bay Philippines and Guam
consider adopting Microbiology as a required Auckland 10 Delaney Global Publishers Services
text and would like to request a copy for B 10 L 2 Maryland Homes I
examination, please visit wwnorton.com/ Japan Landayan, San Pedro, Laguna
college. MK International, Ltd. Philippines 4023
1-3-13-201 Higashi-Mizuhodai
You may also fill out and return the Fujimi-shi Mexico, South and Central America,
attached reply card. In order for us to Saitama 354-0015 the Caribbean
consider your request, you must fill out the US PubRep, Inc.
form completely. In the United States and Taiwan and Korea 311 Dean Drive
Canada, mail your request to the address on B. K. Norton, Ltd. Rockville, MD 20851-1144 USA
the form; elsewhere, submit your request on 5F, 60 Roosevelt Road
college letterhead and mail it to the office that Sec. 4, Taipei 100, Tawain
Yes, please consider my request for an
examination copy of Microbiology.

course title enrollment

textbook in use

author(s)

decision date

name

department

college

address

city

state/province zip/mail code

country

telephone number

e-mail address

office hours

do not write below.

mBIO 51-489D
 place
stamp
here
W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Attn: Renee McCabe
800 Keystone Industrial park
Dunmore, PA 18512-9939
*% /

> i
4 j
j

4
<
* i

*
i
«4 f J *
^4
wwnorton.com/college
** 4
* J
5
*i
i
D-489 Printed in the United States

* 2 '4 $