Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1.1 Introduction
from possible diseases, viruses, infections, etc. Nowadays, being healthy is one of the
strategies to survive in this world. But, due to continuous aging of the population, there
are still many people committing diseases due to: a) lack of food causing malnutrition;
b) lack of shelter causing an individual being prone to diseases and accidents; c) lack of
health facilities.
community. So, that is why hospital is one of the important facilities in our community.
For some instances and purposes, there are two main types of hospitals: public
hospitals and private hospitals. Public hospitals are funded by local funds. However, in
comparison, private hospitals have better technical facilities than public hospitals
which assure patients of higher quality service than public hospitals can provide. In the
As a result, public hospitals cannot turn anyone away especially someone who
is entirely poor comes in; the hospital must treat him or her. This became one of the
Division, stated that the congestion in public hospitals is very common phenomenon,
such as: a) massive patients in ER; b) mothers sharing beds in Obstetrics ward; c)
patients in corridor are all common in public hospitals. In addition, this problem
government hospitals and 960 private hospitals. For rural health units and barangay
health stations, there are 2,598 health units and 20,241 barangay health stations
One of the hospitals which has congestion problem is the Arayat District
Hospital or it is known now as Dr. Emigdio Cruz, Sr. Memorial Hospital located at San
Agustin Norte, Arayat, Pampanga. Arayat have a total of 8 hospitals, 7 are private
hospitals and only 1 public hospital which is the Dr. Emigdio Cruz, Sr. Memorial
Arayat is the 6th most populated municipality in Pampanga which has 133,492
residences with 30 barangays, and having a total land area of 134.48km2. (Source: PSA
2015)
SAN AGUSTIN
YEAR ARAYAT
NORTE
2000 3,099 101,792
2007 3,220 118,312
2010 3,495 121,348
2015 3593 133,492
Table 1.1 Population of San Agustin Norte, Arayat and Arayat, Pampanga
Table 1.1 shows that the congestion in Arayat District Hospital is no wonder
Arayat District Hospital was previously located at Barangay San Roque, Bitas,
about 8 km from the town proper. The roads going to the hospital were impassable; the
only transport system was tricycle or none at all specially during the night and rainy
season. The clientele would rather go to private clinics or travel to San Fernando for
their medical needs. On May 18, 1989, the hospital was transferred to its new site at
This Memorial Hospital is now serving not only the Arayat, but also the people
of Sta. Ana, Candaba, & Cabiao, Nueva Ecija. This is the only public hospital in Arayat
Prior to the congestion, the hospital management provided annual statistic report
for the researchers. It is stated that the hospital is currently having 25 authorized bed
Table 1.2 shows the continuous increase of incoming patients in the hospital
Division, stated that if the current hospital has a BOR of greater than 75%, the hospital
needs expansion. Therefore, Dr. Emigdio C. Cruz, Sr. Memorial Hospital having an
personnel.
Hospital management tried to solve the problem by admitting patients more than
the expected capacity of each ward room, and some of the patients occupied the
hallways. According to the management, they already know that it is not good for the
patients because it is too crowded, but they cannot decline them because they need help
aims to create a design for an additional one-storey for the existing hospital without
et al. (2018) entitled “Design of Additional Two Floors of Existing One Storey
using Ultimate Strength Design (USD) by means of retrofitting the ground floor.
Therefore, the researchers found out that their study is feasible, and by this time the
Using steel for structure has made a name in the field of modern construction.
Many civil engineers were deciding to use steel as a primary framing materials
because: a) steel saves money; b) lessen construction time; c) minimize the needs in
labour; d) gives a lighter weight without sacrificing the strength of the structure.
Many civil engineers, particularly the structural designers are still searching for
the new principles in structural design. One of the fastest growing importances in the
design of structural members for steel structures is the use of limit state design or Load
serviceability, unlike Allowable Stress Design service loads were only considered. In
this method, factored loads are applied to a steel component to determine the required
absolute strength, and this is evaluated with the component's assumed strength and a
Historically, the Allowable Stress Method (ASD) has delivered safe and reliable
steel and composite structures. However, method does not comprehend inconsistency
of various load effects (live load, dead load) and resistances (i.e shear capacity,
bending, cracks, etc.). For this reason, Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) is
Therefore, the researchers would like to create a design of an additional floor for
the current hospital to improve its serviceability and to be more sufficient in admitting
the patients, with the use of steel and LRFD as materials and design method
respectively.
Dr. Emigdio C. Cruz Sr. Memorial Hospital is located at San Agustin Norte,
Arayat, Pampanga which suffers to congestion problem. This hospital is being funded
by the government which leads the people to choose this hospital. The hospital
management tried to solve this problem by admitting patients more than the capacity of
each ward room, and other patients occupied even the hallways. The researchers
decided to design another storey for the existing one storey hospital using the Load and
Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Ultimate Strength Design (USD) for the
retrofitting of the ground floor thus, it can sustain a two storey. This will also give
benefits to the community around San Agustin Norte if the project will be studied and
improved more. Moreover, the hospital will be more sufficient in admitting the
patients.
The general objective of this study is to analyze the structure of the existing
hospital, and to design an additional one-storey using the LRFD method by means of
provide structural design computations for both steel and retrofitted members
of the structure.
identify which is more economical between retrofitting of the existing
This study will be significant to the residents of San Agustin Norte, Arayat,
Pampanga. Through the help of this study, the hospital can serve more patients due to
the increased of facilities. Also, the hospital’s services will be more accessible and
Office for the other district hospitals that are suffering in congestion. It will also a big
This study will focus on the structural design of the existing building, and the
additional one-storey using the Ultimate Stress Design (USD) of the ground floor
Also, a Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) will be used for the additional
floor by means of retrofitting the ground floor. The other studies such as sanitary,
the use of this software, the researchers could construct a model of proposed building,
and could input all the forces (including wind load and earthquake load) acting in the
structure to clearly identify the critical points of the structure. Also, the dead loads and
live loads will be specified from NSCP 2015 (National Structural Code of the
Philippines). In the structural design, ASEP Steel Handbook 2004 was served as a
The feasibility studies about the construction of the proposed plan without
stopping the operations of the hospital will be excluded from this study. This study
will not determine the actual effectiveness of the proposed plan due to the inability of
the researchers to identify the actual number of patients in the near future.
steel structures. The objective of this method is to make sure that the actual stress
provided by the loadings is less than the allowable stress of the structure.
American Iron and Steel Construction (AISC) – It refers to the American institute
and trade association for the use structural steel in construction industry.
Dead Load – It refers to the load that is permanently fitted in the structure.
Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) – It is a steel method design that can
determine the required absolute strength, and it is evaluated using the components of
the concrete.
Collection of Data
Structural Analysis
DESIGN RETROFITTING
STRUCTURAL
RESULTS