PART C

An emergency is a serious, unexpected, often dangerous situation that requires immediate action.
The emergency procedure is a plan of actions to be conducted in a certain order of manner, in
response to an emergency event. To have the emergency procedure is a must in an organization.
To comply with the statutory requirements, an organization are frequently required to have written
emergency procedures in a place demands from their insurers, their regulatory agency,
shareholders, stakeholders and unions to protect staff, the public, the environment, the business,
their property and their reputation.

It may be appropriate to carry out a risk assessment before preparing a procedure. This is through
the estimating how likely it is for an emergency event to occur. We also have to consider how
serious or damaging the consequences would be if the accident really happens. The emergency
procedure should provide an appropriate response to the situation. Identifies the responsibilities,
action and resources to deal with an emergency in an emergency procedure.

A question that always wonder is why an emergency plan is need in the organizations? A definite
plan to deal with major emergencies is an important element. Developing the plan has other
advantages besides the major benefit of guidance during an emergency. Preplanning of the
emergency procedures is necessary because we do not know when the accident will happen. It will
be a chaos during an emergency if we do not have an emergency plan because we need a rapid
decision and shortage of time in the situation.

The overall objective of the emergency plan for handling sudden or unexpected situations are to
prevent fatalities and injuries from happens. Then, to reduce damage to building and equipment.
Next, to protect the environment and community. Lastly, to educate all the workers on what to do
and prioritize during emergency.

From the company that we have visited which is Proton (Shah Alam), the probability accidents
could occur is really high due to a lot of machinery in the factory which to manufacture the cars
such as Proton Saga, Proton Exora and many mores. So, there are some procedures and steps that
can be considered by Proton management team for the emergency, injury, and accidents that might
be happen during manufacturing process.
Case 1: Emergency evacuation

For the fire, self-rescue techniques, there is an evacuation plan provided by the company. The
evacuation plans are very important to be placed at every section in working area. This is to make
sure when there is a fire, the workers will be alerted where they supposed to be. The plan should
be developed by determining the following:

I. Conditions under which an evacuation would be necessary.

II. Conditions under which it may be better shelter-in-place.
III. Specific evacuation procedures, including routes and exits.

A disorganized evacuation can result in confusion, injury, and property damage.

Emergency evacuation procedure

DON'T PANIC

At all times during an emergency follow the instructions of the Building and Area Wardens.

1. On hearing the evacuation alarm, immediately prepare to leave the building – secure
confidential materials and valuables, collect personal belongings, shut down experiments,
switch off computers, electrical appliances, equipment and machinery.

2. If the evacuation alarm sounds, or if instructed to do so by a Warden, leave the building by

the nearest and safest exit route. All doors should be closed (but not locked) on leaving.

3. If possible, take hand held personal belongings (such as handbags and briefcases) with you
when you leave. Do not return to collect belongings.

4. Assist any person with a disability to leave the building, or to the nearest fire isolated or
fire safe haven for multi-stored buildings. Do not attempt to carry people down stairs.

5. Walk quickly and calmly to the designated assembly area for your building or as advised
by a Warden or Fire and Emergency Services personnel.
DO NOT USE THE LIFTS

6. Remain at the assembly area (in groups) until instructed to leave by a Warden or Fire and
Emergency Services personnel.

7. Do not re-enter the building until informed that it is safe to do so by a Warden or Fire and
Emergency Services personnel. Do not enter a building in alarm.

Figure 1: Evacuation plan layout

Case 2: Putting of a fire

Figure 2: Procedure putting off a fire

Procedure

Raise the alarm

1. If safe to do so, ensure the immediate safety of anyone within the vicinity of the fire.

2. Raise the alarm if not already sounding, using a break glass alarm panel or by shouting
‘Fire, Fire, Fire’ if a panel is not available. The alarm system automatically notifies the
Fire and Emergency Services and Security (who then notifies other emergency personnel).

3. Phone Security (call 999). Give your name, building, level, room number, type and extent
of the fire/smoke and inform your supervisor or Building Warden if safe to do so.

4. Evacuate the immediate area.

Fire fighting

5. If safe to do so and if trained in the use of fire equipment – attempt to extinguish the fire.

6. Choose the correct fire extinguisher. Do not use water or foam on an electrical fire.

Evacuate

7. Evacuate the building as instructed to do so by a Warden.

8. Walk quickly and calmly to the assembly area.

9. Close doors and windows as you exit - do not lock doors. Leave lights on.

DO NOT USE THE LIFTS

10. Remain in the assembly area in groups until instructed to leave by a Warden or Fire and
Emergency Services personnel.

11. Do not re-enter the building until informed that it is safe to do so by the ECO or Fire and
Emergency Services personnel.
Additional procedure

Figure 3: Basic steps when saw a small fire

Case 3: Electrocution

Electrocution and burn normally will come together. It needs medical attention even the person
seems to be just fine. It might give effect in a long-time term. In a big company, there will be a
high voltage machine running to form a product. In Proton, they use robotic arm to perform a
welding process.

Procedure

1) Make sure the scene is safe, electricity cut off before approach the victim.
2) Always wear the suitable Personal Protective Equipment. Tap the victim and shout “Are
you okay?”
3) If the victim is unconscious, follow DRsCAB procedure. If the victim is responsive, check
the victim for injury.
4) Expose the burn area.
5) Cover the burn area with a piece of non-sticky wet cloth.
6) Monitor victim condition and send to nearest hospital.

Figure 4: Basic steps when electrocution and burn occurred

Case 4: Chemical spill control

General procedure
Raise the alarm
1. Ensure the immediate safety of anyone within the vicinity of the spill.
2. Evacuate the immediate area around the spill.
3. Report the spill to your supervisor and Safety Officer or Safety, emergency call (999).
Isolate the hazard

4. Anyone who has been exposed must, if safe to do so, be moved to a safe decontamination
area. The treatment of serious injury must take precedence over decontamination and
containment.

 If unsure of the hazards presented and associated risks to safety and health, consult
your supervisor, or Safety Officer, or Safety, Health and Wellbeing prior to taking any
action.

5. Restrict unnecessary movement into and through the area to avoid spreading
contamination. Isolate the affected area at a safe distance by erecting a temporary barricade
and placing radioactive or biohazard warning signs.
Clean-up

6. Do not re-enter the area until it has been decontaminated by personnel trained specifically
in radiation or biological safety, as appropriate. For any clean-up activities, there must be
a minimum of two people.
Evacuate
7. Evacuate the building as instructed to do so by the emergency personnel.
8. Walk quickly and calmly to the assembly area or as advised by the emergency personnel.
9. Remain in the assembly area in groups.

 In the case of a fire every effort must be made to prevent undue spreading of
contamination. However, firefighting must take precedence over the control of
contamination.
 Figure 5: Basic steps chemical spill control

Basic steps
1) Make sure the scene is safe. Identify the spill liquid and refer to the MSDS.
2) Put on appropriate Personal Protective Equipment according MSDS. Do not enter the
contaminated area if in doubt of safety.
3) Place socks around the spill to contain the liquid chemical from spreading.
4) Cover the spill with absorbent material.
5) Remove the saturated chemical and put it into disposable.
6) Clean up the area using method stated in MSDS.
Case 5: Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

General steps
Before do CPR

1. Shake and Shout

Grasp the patient by the shoulders and shake briskly. Shout "Wake up!" and the patient's
name if you know it. Shake and shout for a few seconds, but don't spend too much time.

2. Call 999
Anytime a patient won't wake up, call 999 immediately. Get help on the way as fast as you
can.

3. Check for Breathing

Tilt the patient's head back and look for breathing. If the patient doesn't take a breath in
less than 10 seconds, start CPR.

Don't spend a lot of time trying to wake the patient. If it doesn't work with five seconds of trying,
move on. You can't hurt the patient with CPR, but if the patient needs CPR and you don't do it, the
patient will die.

Start CPR

1. Push on the Chest

Imagine a line between the nipples and put your hands on the center of the chest right below
that line. Push hard and fast—about twice per second.

2. Rescue Breaths
If you have had CPR training and feel comfortable performing the steps, push on the chest
30 times then give 2 rescue breaths. Repeat cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths
until help arrives or the patient wakes up.

If you have not had CPR training or don't feel comfortable giving rescue breaths, just keep pushing
on the chest until help arrives.
 Figure 6:Basic steps of CPR

Additional information during performing CPR

Shaking and Shouting

The idea is to try the least invasive treatment for the patient before moving on to something more
aggressive. Shaking and shouting went out of favor for a while due to concern about neck injuries.
The reality is that neck injuries are both very uncommon and very unlikely to be aggravated by
this maneuver.

Try a quick shake and shout, but don't let this step get in the way of the more important steps. If
the patient isn't responding, call 999. If the patient wakes up, but is confused or not able to speak,
call 999.

Calling 999

Whenever you have an unconscious adult patient, the ambulance is the first thing you want on the
way. Even before starting CPR, you need to call 999 and get help started your way. Without an
ambulance to get the patient and transport him to the right hospital, none of the stuff on this list
will help much.

Follow the instructions given by the dispatcher on the other end of the phone (if they do give you
instructions). If they don't provide instructions, follow the steps listed above.

Chest Compressions

Compressing the chest moves blood through the brain, keeping it alive until the heart can get
started again. It's really important to keep the blood flowing without interruption. Any delay in
pushing on the chest (or any pause of more than a few seconds) also significantly affects how good
blood flows.

Almost as important as how deep and how fast you compress the chest, releasing the chest after
each push is also critical. Your hands shouldn't bounce, but you should lift your entire body weight
off the patient in between each compression.

Chest compressions are extremely important. If you are not comfortable giving rescue breaths, still
perform chest compressions! It's called Hands Only CPR. No matter what, keep going until help
arrives or the patient wakes up and tells you to stop.

Rescue Breathing

Rescue breathing has become one of the most controversial steps in CPR. The debate is ongoing
about how much is enough (or too much) and whether it's even necessary.