CONSTRUCTION OF ELEVATED CORRIDOR BY INTEGRATING

EJIPURA MAINROAD/INNER RING ROAD JUNCTION, SONY WORLD

JUNCTION AND KENDRIYA SADAN, KARNATAKA
REPORT FOR PILE INTEGRITY TESTING
ON 04 NOS. R.C. BORED PILES

MAIN CLIENT : Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike

CONSULTANT : Infra Support Engg. Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

CONTRACTOR : M/s. Simplex Infrastructure Ltd.

(CLIENT FOR GD) Sony World Flyover Project (C3191),
C/o. Divya Darshan Building,
# 110, Koramangala, 6th Block (2nd Floor),
Opp. Sri Krishna Sagar Restaurant,
Near Koramangala Club – 560 095

TEST AGENCY : M/s. GEO DYNAMICS

‘Anand’, 49, Atmajyoti Nagar Society,
Near Atmajyoti Ashram, Ellora Park,
Baroda -390 023
Tele / Fax: +91-265-2388139, 2393205
Web Site: www.geodynamics.net

PROJECT NO. : PIT-F155-18

DATE : September 14, 2018

Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS ULR - TC752118000000253F
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/5.10/01F/Issue No.01/Issue Date: 01-10-2017/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date:-- / Page 1 of 10
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PILE DETAILS

3. TESTING EQUIPMENT

4. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

5. LIMITATIONS OF TEST SYSTEM

6. DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A : PILE INTEGRITY TEST RESULTS

APPENDIX B : PILE INTEGRITY TEST GRAPHS

Rv/Vd
Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS ULR - TC752118000000253F
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/5.10/01F/Issue No.01/Issue Date: 01-10-2017/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date:-- / Page 2 of 10
Project No.: PIT-F155-18 September 14, 2018

CONSTRUCTION OF ELEVATED CORRIDOR BY INTEGRATING EJIPURA MAINROAD/INNER

RING ROAD JUNCTION, SONY WORLD JUNCTION AND KENDRIYA SADAN, KARNATAKA
REPORT FOR PILE INTEGRITY TESTING ON 04 NOS. R.C. BORED PILES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Geo Dynamics was engaged by M/s. Simplex Infrastructure Ltd to conduct pile integrity testing
(PIT) on r.c. bored piles installed at the above site. The aim of testing was to assess the pile
integrity for potential problems like cross-sectional changes, honeycombing, concrete quality,
continuity etc. The field tests were conducted on 13th September, 2018. The testing was conducted
by Mr. M.Gopal. The tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D5882.

This report presents the results of pile integrity testing using the Pile Integrity Tester, PIT, based on
the details available and the site conditions at the time of testing. The report is on the basis of pile
locations and field information provided by you.

2.0 PILE DETAILS

Pile Integrity Testing was conducted on r.c. bored piles with diameter 1200mm. However, diameter
of the pile is not expected to affect the results. Following table summarizes the Individual pile no.
and depths are mentioned in Appendix B of the report inside the graphs.

Pile Details

Type of Pile R.C. Bored

Conventional Rig
Method of Piling
Machine

Liner Depth from test level (m) Not Available

Pile Diameter 1200mm

Pile depths from test level 9.30m – 9.99m

Concrete Grade M-35

Period of Casting 22/02/18 – 02/08/18

Soil Data Availability Available

Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS ULR - TC752118000000253F
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/5.10/01F/Issue No.01/Issue Date: 01-10-2017/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date:-- / Page 3 of 10
Project No..: PIT-F155--18

3.0 TES
STING EQUIPMENT

Integrity tessts were perfformed usingg the most advanced

a state of art da
ata collection
n system ava ailable to
estimate pile integrity by surface immpact methods. In this system
s the PIT
P Collectorr allows for detection
d
of wave refllections from
m changes in n pile impedance. The Collector ca an acquire, enhance,
e dissplay and
plot data. The
T erpretation of the resultss are based on the pile top velocityy against
conclusiion and inte
time curve.

The testing involves atttachment of accelerome eter on the pile

p top. Afte er attachmen nt, the impact device
(a nylon tipped hamme er) generatess a low straiin compresssive wave, which
w travelss down the pile.
p The
accelerationn and velocity records of
o the impacct, along withh subsequennt reflectionss from either pile toe
and/or discoontinuities are graphically displayed.

The integrityy testing meethod separa

ates the effe
ect of impactt and surfacce reflectionss from otherr relevant
reflections (i.e. pile to
oe or other discontinuitties) by ave eraging reco ords of sevveral impactts. This
averaging teechnique tends to canccel random signals
s in an
ny particular blow while amplifying the
t effect
of the releva
ant repetitive
e response.

The signal records obtained

o are
e also exponentially amplified
a with time. This enhan nces the
identification of relevant reflections in records, which have low energy due to signals being da
ampened
out by skin friction.
f

4.0 INTE
ERPRETATION OF RES
SULTS

The interpre esults consissts of evaluation of data based on the reflections recorde
etation of re ed during
testing as described
d ab
bove. Reflecctions are prroduced by variations
v in
n shape, material, soil reesistance
changes, jooints etc. Thhe deepest reflector
r is th ection is lastt observed. All such
he pile’s toe and its refle
reflections are
a in accele eration form
m and are nu ntegrated to velocity beffore being displayed.
umerically in
The integrity of the pile
e thus tested
d is based ono such refle ections and detected changes in im mpedance
(EA/c) alongg the pile le
ength, when subjected to an impactt blow. Here e E is the elastic modulu us of the
pile materia ss-sectional area of the
al, A is cros e pile and c is the wavve speed. Impedance variation
usually refe
ers to cross-s
sectional chaange.

The typical data sets for good or erally be ass shown in Figures 1a
o damaged shall gene a and 1b
respectivelyy and are als
so defined in
n ASTM D58
882.
IM
MPACT
TOE RESP
PONSE DE
EFECT

Fig.1a Typiical Velocity

y Trace - Go
ood Pile Fig.1b Typ
pical Velocity Trace - Damaged
D Pile

Note: 1) This test reporrt or part of the same shaall not be reproduced wiithout written permissionn from the GEO DYNAM
MICS ULR - TC
C7521180000000253F
2) The results arre related to the test perfformed at location shownn by client
Doc. No.: F/5.10/01F/Issue No.01/Issue Date: 01-10-2017/ Amend
A No.:00 / Amennd Date:-- / Page 4 of
o 10
Project No.: PIT-F155-18

Refer to the typical trace for a defective pile in Figure 1b; the method cannot identify nature of defect
as the wave reflects from a reduction in either elastic modulus or cross-section. Thus whether the
defect is necking, honeycombs, voids, soil inclusions, tremie choke etc. they are all classified as
defects.
However, all the scenarios are not acceptable and hence such piles are still classified as doubtful and
may need further testing / remedial action / replacement / re-design based on its actual load carrying
capacity etc. Bulbs are not classified as defects.

The curve after the toe response is basically a second cycle of the wave moving through the pile. If the
energy of impact is sufficient or for shorter pile lengths, it is possible that the wave moves a few times
along the pile before it dies down whereas in some cases, it only completes a partial second cycle.
Generally the waveform after the first cycle is inconsequential for interpretation.

The length is an important input into the test system which is used to compute wave speed. Typical
range of wave speed for good and consistent concrete is 3500m/sec to 4200m/sec and wave speed
lesser than 3500m/sec but upto 3200m/sec is many times likely for large jobs with lesser quality
control or very low percentage reinforcement. Piles with permanent liners may have consistently
higher speeds from 3800m/sec to 4300m/sec.

Piles with a major bulb may show a reflection from bulb and a secondary reflection similar to a defect.
Such a secondary reflection should not be considered as a defect. The method is intended to detect
major defect and minor defects like localized loss of cover may not be detected by this method. It is
sometimes difficult to evaluate the magnitude of defect when pile defects are at half the pile length.

5.0 LIMITATIONS OF TEST SYSTEM

1. The test method can generally evaluate for piles upto an L/D ratio of 45 to 50. However, this also
depends on the soil resistance that may attenuate the signals.

2. For piles with greatly varying cross-sectional area especially in layered soils, it may be difficult to
distinguish relevant reflections due to construction method and those due to localized
discontinuities.

3. The method cannot evaluate multiple defects inside the pile and also cannot be used for jointed
pre-cast piles, steel piles, micro piles etc.

4. Although the test system can be used to evaluate length of piles, the determination of pile length is
approximate within a range of ± 5 – 10% due to variation in concrete density. This implies that the
method cannot evaluate defects that could be present in the bottom 5% -10% of the pile shaft.

6.0 DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS

The test results for the 04 piles tested are attached in Appendix A of the report. The detailed test
graphs are attached in Appendix B of the report. Generally the following conclusions can be derived
from integrity test conducted on the pile shafts.

1. Total 04 piles were tested at the site.

2. Wave speed for tested piles varied generally from 3600m/sec to 4000m/sec and can be termed as
consistent concrete quality.

Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS ULR - TC752118000000253F
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/5.10/01F/Issue No.01/Issue Date: 01-10-2017/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date:-- / Page 5 of 10
Project No.: PIT-F155-18

3. Pile No. P29-4 shows possible defect at 7.5m from test level. Hence, it is suggested to conduct
High Strain Dynamic Pile Test on the subject pile to evaluate actual pile capacity or it is suggested
that the findings shall be reviewed by the consultant to the project before proceeding with further
site activity.

4. No major defect seems evident for other tested piles.

5. Pile integrity is classified as OK except those mentioned in para: 3 based on low strain test records
and subject to above mentioned comments.

6. This report has been prepared with generally accepted engineering practices and the results of
integrity testing as per ASTM D5882. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made. The
findings provided in this report are based on the result of the individual pile tested and information
made available to us.

Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS ULR - TC752118000000253F
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/5.10/01F/Issue No.01/Issue Date: 01-10-2017/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date:-- / Page 6 of 10
Project No.: PIT-F155-18

APPENDIX A
PILE INTEGRITY TEST RESULTS

Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS ULR - TC752118000000253F
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
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 Project No.: PIT-F155-18

Length of
Sr. Toe Pile from Wave Speed Shaft Cross-Section and Soil Changes Pile
Pile No. Comments
No. Response test level (m/sec) (From test level) Integrity
(m)*
Location:- Sony World Fly Over (P29) Date of Testing :- 13th September, 2018

1. P29-1 Evident 9.85 3800 Fairly uniform pile shaft. OK -

Fairly uniform pile shaft except minor defect

2. P29-2 Evident 9.99 3600 OK -
seems evident around 5.5m from test level.

3. P29-3 Evident 9.89 3800 Fairly uniform pile shaft. OK -

Possible defect seems evident around 7.5m from

4. P29-4 -- 9.30 4000 -- -
test level.

* As per site record

Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS ULR - TC752118000000253F
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/5.10/01F/Issue No.01/Issue Date: 01-10-2017/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date:-- / Page 8 of 10
Project No.: PIT-F155-18

APPENDIX B
PILE INTEGRITY TEST GRAPHS

Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS ULR - TC752118000000253F
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/5.10/01F/Issue No.01/Issue Date: 01-10-2017/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date:-- / Page 9 of 10
Project No.: PIT-F155-18

GEO DY NA MICS 9/1 4/2 01 8

1 3- 9 SONY WORLD
\...\13 - 0 9\1 3- 9 SONY WORL D.PIT PIT- W 2 00 9- 1
cm/s Pile: P29-1 - 4: # 11 1200MM
0.30
SIMPLEX INFRA
9/13/2018 9:45:29 AM
0.15
Hi 200.0 m 9.5 Hz
2W 1.00 m 1900.0 Hz
0.00

x 19.00
-0.15 V 0.131 cm/s (0.139)
9.85 m (3800 m/s)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 m
cm/s Pile: P29-2 - 4: # 21 1200MM
0.30
SIMPLEX INFRA
9/13/2018 9:47:55 AM
0.15
Hi 200.0 m 9.0 Hz
2W 1.90 m 947.4 Hz
0.00

x 20.00
-0.15 V 0.134 cm/s (0.173)
9.99 m (3600 m/s)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 m
cm/s Pile: P29-3 - 2: # 36 1200MM
0.30
SIMPLEX INFRA
9/13/2018 9:52:15 AM
0.15
Hi 150.0 m 12.7 Hz
2W 0.98 m 1938.8 Hz
0.00

x 20.00
-0.15 V 0.146 cm/s (0.158)
9.89 m (3800 m/s)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 m
cm/s Pile: P29-4 - 2: # 60 1200MM
0.20
SIMPLEX INFRA
9/13/2018 9:57:59 AM
0.10
2W 2.58 m 775.2 Hz

0.00

x 18.00
-0.10 V 0.106 cm/s (0.146)
9.30 m (4000 m/s)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 m

Page 1

Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS ULR - TC752118000000253F
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/5.10/01F/Issue No.01/Issue Date: 01-10-2017/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date:-- / Page 10 of 10