Excel Review Center ECE Refresher GEAS 1

27. A block slides down an inclined… Box 2: ∑F = 0

0 = F1 + F2 + F3 + F4
Solution: ∑Fx = ±ma
T = ma
(
F4 = 0 − F1 + F2 + F3 )
= 0 − ( 80∠145° + 60∠0 + 40∠315 )
Since the block will accelerate down
F4
the plane, take the summation of T = 20a
forces in y-axis (perpendicular to the F4 = 28.8∠217.7° → Ans
plane) and equate to zero while the Both Box 1 and Box 2 will accelerate at
summation of forces in both x-axis the same rate since they are pulled 32. A uniform horizontal beam of length…
(parallel to the plane) is equal to ma. together (though 50 N force is only
Take the axis parallel to the plane as applied to the first box). Also, tension in
the x-axis and the axis perpendicular the cable that connects the two boxes
to the plane as the y-axis. Draw your is the same:
FBD. From the FBD:
50 − 20a = 20a
∑Fy = 0 m
a = 1.25
N = Wy = mgcosθ s2

∑Fx = ±ma
⎛ m⎞
Wx − f = ma T = 20a = 20 ⎜ 1.25 2 ⎟ = 25N → Ans.
⎝ s ⎠
ma = mgsinθ − µmgcosθ
a = gsinθ − µgcosθ 30. A thin cylindrical wheel is allowed…
(
a = g sinθ − µ cosθ → Ans ) Solution:
50 N Solution:

28. If an object slides down an inclined… Get the summation of moments at the
hinge (forces at the hinge and the
40 cm horizontal component of tension are
Solution:
not included in the equation):
By conservation of energy, the initial
potential energy of the block will be ∑M = 0
partially converted to kinetic energy ( ) () ( )
−W 4 − W 3 + Ty 6 = 0
and the rest will be used as work −W ( 4 ) − W ( 3 ) + ( Tsin30° ) ( 6 ) = 0
against friction. Writing that as an − ( 80 ) ( 9.81) ( 4 ) − (100 ) ( 9.81) ( 3 ) + ( Tsin30° ) ( 6 ) = 0
equation: T = Iα
2027 = T
Fr = Iα
PEinitial = KEfinal + Wfriction (50)(0.4) = 20α 33. An object slides down an incline…
rad
The work done against friction is the α =1 2 Solution:
energy that will be dissipated. So s
based from the problem, 30% of the
initial potential energy will be converted After 3 seconds, assuming the wheel
( )
N = 2 Wx − f
into kinetic energy while 70% will be started at rest: W cosθ = 2 ( W sinθ − µN)
used to do work against friction (energy W cosθ = 2 ( W sinθ − 0.5W cosθ )
dissipated during the descent): ω f = ω o + αt
cosθ = 2 ( sinθ − 0.5cosθ )
rad
0.7PEinitial = Wfriction ( )( )
ωf = 0 + 1 3 = 3
s
→ Ans
θ = 45° → Ans
0.7mgh = fd
0.7mgdsin30° = µNd 1 34. A block of mass 2 kg slides on an…
θ = ω o t + αt 2
0.7mgdsin30° = µmgcos30°d 2 Solution:
1
( )( )
2
sin30° θ = 0 + 1 3 = 4.5rad → Ans
0.7 =µ 2
cos30° Since there is no acceleration, take
µ = 0.41→ Ans the summation of forces in both the x-
and y-axis and equate to zero. Take
31. Three force F1, F2, and F3 act… the axis parallel to the plane as the x-
29. Two equal masses 20 kg each are axis and the axis perpendicular to the
connected by a rigid string and move plane as the y-axis. Draw your FBD.
across a smooth frictionless horizontal F1 = 80 N From the FBD:
surface with a uniform acceleration,
when pulled by a force 50 N. What is
the tension in the string? ∑Fy = 0
35 F2 = 60 N
° N = Wy = mgcos30°
Solution: 45
°
∑Fx = 0
Box 1: P − Wx − f = 0
F3 = 40 N P = Wx + f
∑Fx = ±ma
Solution: P = mgsin30 + 0.86mgcos30
P − T = ma
P = 24.4N → Ans
T = 50 − 20a To make the system in equilibrium, the
vector sum of all forces must be zero:
∑F = 0

Use your calculator:

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher GEAS 1
35. A body of mass 25 kg falls on the… Vmax = A 2ω 2 PEinitial = KEfinal
2 1 2 1 2
Solution: ⎛ 2π ⎞ mgh = mv + Iω
1.26 = A 2 ⎜ ⎟ 2 2
⎝ T⎠ 2
Get the velocity of the body as it 1 2 1⎛ 1 2⎞ ⎛ v ⎞
2 mgh = mv + ⎜ mr ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
reaches the ground. ⎛ ⎞ 2 2⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ r⎠
⎜ ⎟ 1 2 1 2
2π ⎟
1.26 = A 2 ⎜ ;A = 0.28m → Ans mgh = mv + mv
v = 2gh = 2 9.81 19.6 ( )( ) ⎜ L⎟ 2 4
⎜ 2π ⎟ 1 2 1 2
v = 19.6
m
↓
⎝ g⎠ ( )( )
9.81 5 sin30 = v + v
2 4
s m
37. A 200-kg container rests on the… v = 5.72 → Ans
s
Get the deceleration of the body as it
penetrates the ground: Solution: Note: Moment of inertia of a solid
1
∑Fy = +ma For the FBD of the container on the cylinder is mr 2 . Kinetic energy used in
2
back of the pick-up truck:
F − W = +ma the sum of the translational and the
rotational kinetic energy since there is
( )(
4998 − 25 9.81 = +25a ) ∑Fx = ma linear and rotational motion.
m f = m1a
a = 190.11 ↑ 40. A uniform solid sphere is rolling…
s2 µN = m1a
µm1g = m1a Solution:
Compute for its displacement until it
stops: a = µg As the sphere rolls up the plane, its
(
1.5 = µ 9.81 ) acceleration is directed down the
v 2f = v o2 ± 2as plane (it slows down as it rolls up the
µ = 0.153 → Ans
plane).
( ) ( )( )
2
0 = −19.6 + 2 190.11 −d
2
d = 1.01 m → Ans 38. A sphere of mass 1.40 x10 kg… If m is the mass of the ball, r the radius
and θ the angle of inclination of the
Solution: plane, F is the friction and N is the
36. A pendulum has a bob with a… normal force of the plane on the ball:
By work-energy theorem, the work
done to stop the sphere will be equal to ∑Fy = 0 ∑Fx = ma
Solution:
the decrease in the kinetic energy of
the sphere. N − Wy = 0 Wx − f = ma
At the lowest point of the motion, solve
N = mgcosθ mgsinθ − f = ma → eq1
for the velocity. Use conservation of
energy. The potential energy at the W = −ΔKE
initial position will be converted into (
W = − KEf − KEi ) About the center of the ball:
kinetic energy as it passes the lowest
point: W = − ( 0 − KE )i
Torque = Iα = fR
⎛ Iα = fR
⎛1 1 ⎞⎞
PEinitial = KEbottom W = − ⎜ 0 − ⎜ mv 2 + Iω 2 ⎟ ⎟ ⎛2 2⎞ a
⎝ ⎝2 2 ⎠⎠ ⎜⎝ 5 mR ⎟⎠ R = fR
1 2
mgh =
mv 1 2 1 2 2
2 W= mv + Iω f= ma
2 2 5
1
gh = v 2 1 2 1⎛ 2 2⎞ ⎛ v ⎞
2

2 W= mv + ⎜ mr ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ Going back to equation 1:

1 2 2⎝ 5 ⎠⎝ r⎠
(
g L − Lcos30 = v 2
2
) 1 2 1 2 2
W= mv + mv mgsinθ − ma = ma
m 2 5 5
v = 1.26
s W = 2.21J → Ans 2
gsinθ − a = a
5
Draw the FBD at the lowest point of the Note: Moment of inertia of a solid 5
a = gsinθ
motion: 2 7
sphere is mr 2 . Kinetic energy used in m
5 a = 1.22 2 → Ans
∑Fy = ma the sum of the translational and the s
rotational kinetic energy since there is
T − W = maN linear and rotational motion. Note: Moment of inertia of a solid
v2 2
sphere is mr 2 . Kinetic energy used in
T − mg = m 39. A solid cylinder of mass M and… 5
r
the sum of the translational and the
) ( 0.6 )
2
1.26
( )
T − 1.27 9.81= 1.27 ( Solution: rotational kinetic energy since there is
linear and rotational motion.
T = 15.8N → Ans By conservation of energy, the initial
potential energy of the cylinder at the
As on object in SHM, solve for the top of the inclined plane will be
amplitude of the motion: completely converted into kinetic
energy (translational kinetic energy
since it moves in a straight line and
rotational kinetic energy since it is
rotating) at the bottom of the inclined
plane since there is no friction
mentioned:

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher GEAS 1
41. JayR is playing with a toy car… 43. For an inelastic collision of two… Weight changes according to location
as it is dependent on the acceleration
Solution: Solution: due to gravity, g (i.e. W = mg)

At the topmost part of the track: Conservation of momentum: GM

g' =
(R + h)
2

∑Fy = maN ( )
mv + 0 = 2m v f
GM
v2 v g' =
W =m vf =
(R + 2R)
2
r 2
v2 GM 1 GM 1
mg = m Solve for loss in kinetic energy: g' = = = g
r (3R) ( )
2
9 R2 9
v = gr = (9.81)(0.1) 1 2
KEBC = mv
m 2 1
v = 1 → Ans W'= W → Ans
s 9
1
42. An object with a mass of 0.4 kg… KEAC =
2
(
m + m vf2 ) 47. Two balls, one with a mass of 3 kg and
2 speed of 2 m/s and the other one of
1 ⎛ v⎞ 1⎛ 1 ⎞
Solution:
KEAC =
2
( )
2m ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ mv 2 ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ 2⎝ 2 ⎠
mass 5 kg and speed of 2 m/s, move
towards each other and collide head
r T on. What is the speed of the objects
after collision if the collision is perfectly
60° loss = KEBC − KEAC inelastic?
W
1 2 1⎛ 1 2⎞
loss = mv − ⎜ mv ⎟ Solution:
2 2⎝ 2 ⎠
1 Conservation of momentum:
5m loss = KEBC → Ans
2
( )
m1v1 + m2v 2 = m1 + m2 v f
44. A man who weighs 800 N steps…
(3)( 2) + (5)( −2) = (3 + 5) v f
Solution: m
v f = −0.5 → Ans
s
If the elevator accelerates upward:
Analyzing the horizontal axis:
Note: The velocity after collision is in
∑Fy = ±ma the direction of the 5 kg ball. It makes
2πr
T= R − W = ma sense as it is the more massive ball
v between the two.
3.5 =
2π 2.5( ) R = W + ma
800
v
m
R = 800 +
9.81
5 () 48. A simple pendulum makes an…

v = 4.49 Solution:
s R = 1208 N → Ans

∑Fx = maN For the weighing scale reading to equal ( )( )( )

T = Fd = 0.5 9.81 0.4 = 2 Nm → Ans
his weight, the elevator should not be
v2 accelerating (a = 0)
Tcos 60 = m
r

( )( )
2 45. A certain incline plane has a…
4.49
Tcos 60 = 0.4 49. A certain cable will break if the…
2.5 Solution:
T = 6.45 N → Ans Solution:
5
−1
Solve for the centripetal (normal) θ = sin = 14.5° This is an example of a catenary
20
acceleration: cable as the cable sags due to its own
The net force is equal to the weight. The weight of the cable as a
( ) distributed load is given by:
2
v2 4.49 m component of the weight parallel to the
aN = = = 8.06 2 → Ans plane. The component of the weight
r 2.5 s
perpendicular to the plane is equal to
ω=
W mg 50 9.81
= = = 9.81
( )(
N )
the normal force so they cancel each L L 50 m
Solve for the total acceleration:
other out.

atotal = aN2 + a2T Wx = mgsin14.5°

⎛ m⎞
2
( )( )
Wx = 2 9.81 sin14.5° = 4.9 N
The span of a catenary cable is the
( )
2
atotal = ⎜ 8.06 2 ⎟ + rα horizontal distance between its two
⎝ s ⎠ supports:
2
46. At the surface of the Earth, an…
⎛ m⎞
( )
2
atotal = ⎜ 8.06 2 ⎟ + 2.5x3
⎝ s ⎠ Solution:
m Mass is the inertia of the object, so it
atotal = 11.01 → Ans
s2 will never change regardless of the
location of the object.

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Excel Review Center ECE Refresher GEAS 1
T = ωy 2
⎛ ωx 2 ⎞
500 = 9.81y; y = 50.97 m T1 = H2 + ⎜ 1 ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
2
y2 = s2 + c 2 ⎛ 10,000x14.642 ⎞
T1 = 1071.62 + ⎜ ⎟
c = y2 − s2 = 50.972 − 252 ⎝ 2 ⎠
c = 44.4 m T1 = 1081.8kN

s+y Tension at the right support:

span = 2x = 2c ln
c
2
25 + 50.97 ⎛ ωx 2 ⎞
span = 2 44.4 ln ( 44.4
) T2 = H + ⎜ 2 ⎟
2

⎝ 2 ⎠
span = 47.6 m → Ans
2
⎛ 10,000x25.362 ⎞
T1 = 1071.62 + ⎜ ⎟
sag = d = y − c ⎝ 2 ⎠
sag = 50.97 − 44.4 = 6.57m → Ans T1 = 1101.4kN

50. A cable is used to span a distance…

Always be kind.
Solution:

This is a parabolic cable with uneven

supports.
T2

T1 d2

d1

x1 H x2

From the figure, the tension at the

bottom part is H, tension at the leftmost
part is T1 and tension at the rightmost
part is T2. As a rule, the higher the
point, the greater the value of tension.
Therefore, T2 > T1 > H.

From the problem, d1 = 1m and d2 = 3

m. Solve first for x1 and x2. Since this is
a parabolic cable, it follows the shape
of a parabola. Hence, by ratio and
proportion:

d1 d2
=
x12 x 22
1 3
=
( )
2 2
x1 40 − x1
x1 = 14.64 m
x 2 = 25.36 m

Tension at the lowest point:

( )( )
2
ωx12 10,000 14.64
H= = = 1071.6kN
2d1 21 ()
(10,000)( 25.36)
2
ωx 22
H= = = 1071.6kN
2d2 2 (3)

Tension at the left support:

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