Coordinates: 48°53′20″N 2°23′27″E

Conservatoire de Paris
The Conservatoire de Paris (pronounced [kɔ̃.sɛʁ.va.twaʁ də pa.ʁi]; English: Paris
Conservatoire national
Conservatory) is a college of music and dance founded in 1795 associated with
supérieur de musique et
PSL Research University. It is situated in the avenue Jean Jaurès in the 19th
de danse de Paris
arrondissement of Paris, France. The Conservatoire offers instruction in music,
dance, and drama, drawing on the traditions of the "French School".

In 1946 it was split in two, one part for acting, theatre and drama, known as the
Conservatoire national supérieur d'art dramatique (CNSAD), and the other for
music and dance, known as the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et
de danse de Paris (CNSMDP). Today the conservatories operate under the auspices
of the Ministry of Culture and Communication.

Contents
History
École Royale de Chant
Institut National de Musique
Founding of the Conservatoire
Salle des Concerts du Conservatoire Type Grande école
Library
Established 1795
Bourbon Restoration
Instrument museum Affiliation PSL Research
Franco-Prussian War and the Third Republic University
Gabriel Fauré Director Bruno Mantovani
The modern era
CNSAD Address 209 avenue Jean-
CNSMDP Jaurès, Paris, Île-de-
France, 75019,
Faculty
France
See also
References
Campus Urban

External links Website www

.conservatoiredeparis
.fr/en/accueil/
History

École Royale de Chant

On 3 December 1783 Papillon de la Ferté, intendant of the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi, proposed that Niccolò Piccinni should be
appointed director of a future École royale de chant (Royal School of Singing). The school was instituted by a decree of 3 January
1784 and opened on 1 April with the composer François-Joseph Gossec as the provisional director. Piccinni refused the directorship,
but did join the faculty as a professor of singing. The new school was located in buildings adjacent to the Hôtel des Menus-Plaisirs at
the junction of the rue Bergère and the rue du Faubourg Poissonnière.[1][2] In June, a class in dramatic declamation was added, and
[3]
the name was modified to École royale de chant et de déclamation.
Institut National de Musique
In 1792, Bernard Sarrette created the École gratuite de la garde nationale, which in
the following year became the Institut national de musique. The latter was also
installed in the facilities of the former Menus-Plaisirs on the rue Bergère[1] and was
responsible for the training of musicians for the National Guard bands, which were
in great demand for the enormous, popular outdoor gatherings put on by the
revolutionary governmentafter the Reign of Terror.[2]

Former Conservatoire building (until

Founding of the Conservatoire 1911) in the 9th arrondissement of
On 3 August 1795, the government combined the École royale with the Institut Paris, which now houses theCNSAD
national de musique, creating the Conservatoire de musique under the direction of (48.873074°N 2.347001°E)

Sarrette. The combined organization remained in the facilities on the rue Bergère.
[2][4]
The first 351 pupils commenced their studies in October 1796.

By 1800, the staff of the Conservatory included some of the most important names in music in
Paris, including, besides Gossec, the composers Luigi Cherubini, Jean-François Le Sueur,
Étienne Méhul, and Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny, as well as the violinists Pierre Baillot,
Rodolphe Kreutzer, and Pierre Rode.[2]

Salle des Concerts du Conservatoire

A concert hall, designed by the architect
François-Jacques Delannoy,[5] was inaugurated
on 7 July 1811.[6] The hall, which still exists
today, was in the shape of a U (with the orchestra
at the straight end). It held an audience of
1055.[7] The acoustics were generally regarded
as superb. The French composer and conductor Site plan (1836) of the
Antoine Elwart described it as the Stradivarius of Menus-Plaisirs, the Concert
A concert in March 1843 Hall, and the Conservatoire
concert halls.[8]

In 1828 François Habeneck, a professor of violin

and head of the Conservatory's orchestra, founded the Société des Concerts du Conservatoire (forerunner of the Orchestre de Paris).
The Society held concerts in the hall almost continuously until 1945, when it moved to the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées.[9] The
French composer Hector Berlioz premiered his Symphonie fantastique in the conservatory's hall on 5 December 1830 with an
orchestra of more than a hundred players.[6]

Library
The original library was created by Sarrette in 1801.[10] After the construction of the concert hall, the library moved to a large room
above the entrance vestibule.[11] In the 1830s, Berlioz became a part-time curator in the Conservatory library and was the librarian
Félicien David.[2]
from 1852 until his death in 1869, but never held a teaching position. He was succeeded as librarian by

Bourbon Restoration
Sarrette was dismissed on 28 December 1814, after the Bourbon Restoration, but was reinstated on 26 May 1815, after Napoleon's
return to power during the Hundred Days. However, after Napoleon's fall, Sarrette was finally compelled to retire on 17
November.[10] The school was closed in the first two years of the Bourbon Restoration, during the reign of Louis XVIII, but
reopened in April 1816 as the École royale de musique, with François-Louis
Perne as its director.[2] In 1819, François Benoist was appointed professor of
organ.[7]

Probably the best known director in the 19th century was Luigi Cherubini, who
took over on 1 April 1822 and remained in charge until 8 February 1842.
Cherubini maintained high standards and his staff included teachers such as
François-Joseph Fétis, Habeneck, Fromental Halévy, Le Sueur, Ferdinando Paer,
and Anton Reicha.[2]

Cherubini was succeeded by Daniel-François-Esprit Auber in 1842. Under Library, 1895

Auber, composition teachers included Adolphe Adam, Halévy, and Ambroise
Thomas; piano teachers, Louise Farrenc, Henri Herz, and Antoine François
Marmontel; violin teachers, Jean-Delphin Alard and Charles Dancla; and cello teachers, Pierre
Chevillard and Auguste Franchomme.[2]

In 1852, Camille Urso, who studied with Lambert Massart, became the first female student to win a
prize on violin.[12]

Instrument museum
The Conservatory Instrument Museum, founded in 1861, was formed from the instrument collection
of Louis Clapisson.[2][13] The French music historian Gustave Chouquet became the curator of the
[13]
museum in 1871 and did much to expand and upgrade the collection. Camille Urso

Franco-Prussian War and the Third Republic

In the Franco-Prussian War, during the siege of Paris (September 1870 – January 1871), the Conservatory was used as a hospital. On
13 May 1871, the day after Auber's death, the leaders of the Paris Commune appointed Francisco Salvador-Daniel as the director –
however Daniel was shot and killed ten days later by the troops of the French Army. He was replaced by Ambroise Thomas, who
remained in the post until 1896. Thomas's rather conservative directorship was vigorously criticized by many of the students, notably
Claude Debussy.[2]

During this period César Franck was ostensibly the organ teacher, but was actually
giving classes in composition. His classes were attended by several students who
were later to become important composers, including Ernest Chausson, Guy
Ropartz, Guillaume Lekeu, Charles Bordes, and Vincent d'Indy.[2]

Théodore Dubois succeeded Thomas after the latter's death in 1896. Professors
included Charles-Marie Widor, Gabriel Fauré, and Charles Lenepveu for
composition, Alexandre Guilmant for organ, Paul Taffanel for flute, and Louis
Diémer for piano.[2]
Piano class of Charles de Bériot in
1895 with Maurice Ravel on the left
Gabriel Fauré
Lenepveu had been expected to succeed Dubois as director, but after the "Affaire
Ravel" in 1905, Ravel's teacher Gabriel Fauré became director. Le Courrier Musical (15 June 1905) wrote: "Gabriel Fauré is an
[14]
independent thinker: that is to say, there is much we can expect from him, and it is with joy that we welcome his nomination."

Fauré appointed forward-thinking representatives (such as Debussy, Paul Dukas, and André Messager) to the governing council,
loosened restrictions on repertoire, and added conducting and music history to the courses of study. Widor's composition students
during this period included Darius Milhaud, Arthur Honegger, and Germaine Tailleferre. Other students included Lili Boulanger and
Nadia Boulanger. New to the staff were Alfred Cortot for piano and Eugène Gigout
for organ.[2]

The modern era

1.[2]
The Conservatory moved to facilities at 14 rue de Madrid in 191

Henri Rabaud succeeded Fauré in 1920 and served until 1941. Notable students were
Olivier Messiaen, Jean Langlais, and Jehan Alain. Staff included Dukas and Jean
Fauré in his office at the
Roger-Ducasse for composition, Marcel Dupré for organ, Marcel Moyse for flute,
Conservatoire, 1918
and Claire Croiza for singing.[2]

Claude Delvincourt was director from 1941 until his tragic death in an automobile
accident in 1954. Delvincourt was a progressive administrator, adding classes in
harpsichord, saxophone, percussion, and the Ondes Martenot. Staff included
Milhaud for composition and Messiaen for analysis and aesthetics. In 1946, the
dramatic arts were transferred to a separate institution (CNSAD). Delvincourt was
succeeded by Dupré in 1954, Raymond Loucheur in 1956, Raymond Gallois-
Montbrun in 1962, Marc Bleuse in 1984, and Alain Louvier in 1986. Plans to move
the Conservatory of Music and Dance to more modern facilities in the Parc de la
The CNSMDP new building at the
Villette were initiated under Bleuse and completed under Louvier. It opened as part Cité de la Musique.
of the Cité de la Musique in September 1990.[2]

Currently, the conservatories train more than 1,200 students in structured programs, with 350 professors in nine departments.

CNSAD
The Conservatoire national supérieur d'art dramatique (CNSAD) (National Superior Conservatory of the Dramatic Arts) is the
conservatory for acting, drama, and theatre, known by its acronym CNSAD. It is located in the original historic building of the
Conservatoire de Paris on the rue du Conservatoire at rue Sainte-Cécile in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. Free public performances
by students at the CNSAD are given frequently in the Conservatoire's theatre.

CNSMDP
The Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris (CNSMDP) (National Superior Conservatory of Paris for
Music and Dance) is a separate conservatory for music and dance. The French government built its new campus in the 19th
arrondissement of Paris. It was designed by Christian de Portzamparc.

The organ on site was built in 1991 by the Austrian Rieger Orgelbau firm. It has 53 stops on 3 manuals and pedals. A larger organ of
over 7,000 pipes with 91 stops was made in 2015 by the same company for the symphony hall of the nearby
Philharmonie de Paris.

Faculty
Students

A listing of former students can be found atList of former students of the Conservatoire de Paris

Former teachers

A listing of former teachers can be found atList of former teachers at the Conservatoire de Paris
See also
École Normale de Musique de Paris
Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de yon
L
Prix de Rome

References
Notes

1. Prod'homme & Crauzat 1929, pp. 67–74.

2. Simeone 2000, pp. 214–217, "Conservatoire de Musique".
3. Chouquet 1900, p. 391 (https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi01grovuoft#page/391/mode/1up)
..
4. Pierre 1895, pp. 179–182 (https://books.google.com/books?id=lugsAAAA
YAAJ&pg=PA179).
5. Brault & Du Bois 1893, p. 53.
6. Simeone 2000, pp. 183–184, Salle du Conservatoire (Salle de lAncien Conservatoire.
7. Charlton et al 2001.
8. Holomon 2004, p. 72.
9. Holomon 2004, pp. 3, 85; Pierre 1900,p. 771 (https://books.google.com/books?id=MXAJAQAAMAAJ&pg=P
A771).
10. Chouquet 1900, p. 392 (https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi01grovuoft#page/392/mode/1up)
.
11. Prod'homme & Crauzat 1929, pp. 120–121.
12. Le Ménestrel (2 August 1903), p. 243 (http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5782991f/f3.image)
.
13. Fétis, "Chouquet (Adolphe-Gustave)", 1978,vol. 1, pp. 181–182 (https://books.google.com/books?id=QwYV
AAAAQ
AAJ&pg=PA181).
14. Quoted and translated by Simeone 2000, p. 216.

Sources

Charlton, David; Trevitt, John; Gosselin, Guy(2001). "Paris. VI. 1789–1870" in Sadie 2001.
Chouquet, Gustave (1900). "Conservatoire de Musique" inA Dictionary of Music and Musicians, edited by George
Grove. London: Macmillan. Copy at Wikisource.
Fétis, François-Joseph(1878). Biographie universelle des musiciens, supplement in two volumes byArthur Pougin.
Paris: Didot. Vols. 1 and 2 at Google Books.
Holoman, D. Kern (2004).The Société des Concerts du Conservatoire, 1828–1967 . Berkeley: University of California
Press. ISBN 9780520236646.
Pierre, Constant, editor (1895). B. Sarrette et les origines du Conservatoire national de musique et de déclamation .
Paris: Delalain Frères.Copy at Google Books.
Pierre, Constant, editor (1900).Le Conservatoire national de musique et de déclamation. Documents historiques et
administratifs. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. 1031 pages.View at Google Books.
Prod'homme, Jacques-Gabriel; Crauzat, E. de (1929).Les Menus Plaisirs du Roi. L'école royale et le Conservatoire
de musique. Paris: Delagrave. OCLC 842136603.
Sadie, Stanley, editor (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians , 2nd edition. London: Macmillan.
ISBN 9781561592395 (hardcover). OCLC 419285866 (eBook).
Simeone, Nigel (2000).Paris – A Musical Gazetteer. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300080537.

External links
CNSAD website
CNSMDP website {English}
Effects of the Bologna Declaration on Professional Music Training in Europe
European Association of Conservatoires (AEC)
Les enseignants – List of teachers and accompanists at the Conservatoire de Paris
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservatoire_de_Paris&oldid=880825125
"

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