What is data?

• A collection of raw facts and figures is called data. Word **RAW** means that
data is unprocessed.
• Text
• Numbers
• Sound
• Images
• Shapes
• Videos
• Graphs

Data sharing
• The ability to share the same data resource with multiple applications or users or
Data sharing is a process of transferring data electronically from one place to
another. Data can be transferred by using different medium.

• Basic elements of data sharing

1. Message
2. Sending device:
3. Receiving Device
4. Communication Channel
5. Encoder and decoder
• Message: The message is the data or information that is shared.it may be in the
form of text, numbers, pictures, sounds, videos or a combination of these.

• Sending device: A device that sends the message is called sending device. It is
also called source or transmitter. The sending device can be computer, fax
machine or mobile phone etc.

• Receiving Device: A device that receive the message is called receiving

device. It is also called sink. The receiving device can be computer, fax machine
or mobile phone etc.
• Communication Channel: It is also called medium. It is a path through
which data is transmitted from one location to another.it may be wire or wireless
medium.

• Encoder and decoder: Encoder is a device that converts signal in a form

that can pass through a transmission medium. The decoder is a device that
converts the encoded signals in the original form.

• Data transmission mode

The way in which data is transmitted from one place to another is called data
transmission. There are three types of data transmission modes.

1. Simplex mode
2. Half duplex traffic
3. Full duplex mode

Simplex mode: In simplex mode data can flow only in direction.it operates in a
manner similar to one way street.
For example: A television broadcast. The signal is sent from the transmitter to T.V
antenna. There is no return signal.

Half duplex traffic: In half duplex traffic data can flow in both directions but
not the same time. A half-duplex can send or receive data but not at the same
time.
For example: Two computers attach with half duplex mode.

Full duplex mode: In full-duplex mode data can travel in both direction
simultaneously. Full-duplex mode is a faster way of data transmission as
compared to half duplex.
For example: A telephone is a full-duplex device. Both persons talk at the
same time.

Forms of data transmission

1. Digital data transmission
2. Analog data transmission
 Digital data transmission
Digital data travels in binary form (0 and 1).All communication between the computers in
digital form. Computers only understand and work only in digital form.

Analog data transmission

Analog signal is a continuous electrical signal in the form of wave. The wave is
known as carrier wave. Telephone line is most commonly used media for analog
transmission of data. Light, sound, radio and microwave are also examples of analog
signals.

Online data sharıng

Email: Email is still one of the most used forms of modern communication. The
ability to share documents by emailing them across to the concerned party is a widely
used and accepted form of document exchange on the internet. If your documents are
beyond 20 mb then its best you look at other options of sharing documents.
Google Drive enables you to save and share up to 15 GB of free data so you can
easily upload your documents
MS Office Live is a recent addition. It is essentially copying the model of Google
Drive by allowing users to save their documents on OneDrive and allowing them to
share these with users.
you can drop your files in your drobox folder, copy the link and share your documents
with multiple parties. you cannot edit your documents online with Drobox like you
can in Google Drive and OneDrive
EthosData is different than the above mentioned services because it is a Virtual Data
Room provider that is used solely by corporations who always want to have control
over the documents they share online.
As a paid service most of their users are top global law firms and top global financial
institutions.

Offline data sharıng

 Wi-Fi P2P: Android’s Wi-Fi peer-to-peer framework complies with Wi-Fi
Alliance’s Wi-Fi Direct™ certification program. It is much faster than the Bluetooth.
We can share a large amount of data between two devices over a speedy connection.

USB: It is used to transfer data between Android devices and USB Hardware. In this
case, it cannot be done between two Android devices.

Memory card: A memory card is an electronic flash memory data storage

device used for storing digital information. These are commonly used in portable
electronic devices, such as digital cameras, mobile phones, laptop computers, tablets.

Share It: Share It can easily transfer files of any size. To start using this app, you
just need to highlight the files you wish to share and click on the “Send” option.

Xender: Xender is both a file sharing and a file manager app since it enables users
to backup, view, transfer or delete files, as per your requirements.

Advantages:
Speed &Time: sharing and transferring files within networks is very rapid,
depending on the type of network. This will save time while maintaining the integrity of
files.

Saves Money:
1. Cut down on paper use.
2. Advertise on the Internet.
3. Communication above all.

Disadvantage:
Crashes: when the server crashes, works get disrupted as all network resources and
its benefits are lost, the crash may result in the loss of days and even months of
critical data and time.

Data security: There is danger of hacking. There are hackers who are trying to
steal valuable data of large companies for their own benefit.
 International laws:
1. Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)
2. Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act (CISPA)
3. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)
4. Trans Pacific-Partnership Agreement (TPP)

Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)

How the government can access digital information of citizens passed in 1986
The law involves the rights the government has to obtain electronic files without
needing a warrant including email, Facebook messages and a variety of other files.
Another portion of ECPA dictates when the government has access to GPS tracking
using cellphones. When the government can access location information of citizens.

Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act (CISPA)

At a basic level, CISPA dictates how companies share information about cyber threats
with the federal government.

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)

Generally speaking, CFAA makes it a federal crime to access and share protected
information.

Trans Pacific-Partnership Agreement (TPP)

TPP will mean for digital copyright laws both in the U.S. and internationally
Fair use restrictions of content and reform copyright laws.