Professional Documents
Culture Documents
KEBUMIAN
Muhammad Rizqy Septyandy, M.T
GEMPABUMI DAN
MITIGASINYA
WEEK 4
DEPARTEMEN GEOSAINS
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Quiz
Topic
■ Disaster source definition
■ Early warning
Topic
■ Education
■ Planning and training
Topic
■ Situational awareness and needs analysis
■ Search and rescue
Skala yg sering
Magnitudo gempa digunakan
Skala Richter
■ Gelombang Primer
■ Gelombang Sekunder
■ Gelombang Permukaan
1. Gelombang Love
2. Gelombang Rayleigh
Primary wave (p) / gelombang kompresi longitudinal
Secondary wave (s) / gelombang transversal
Gelombang Permukaan
Seismographs
Penghitungan Seismograph
Data Seismisitas
4/6/2013 04:42:35.860WIB
-3.517 138.476 66 7 mww us
12/10/2012 16:53:08.770WIB
-6.533 129.825 155 7.1 mww us
10/25/2010 14:42:22.460WIB
-3.487 100.082 20.1 7.8 mwc gcmt
9/29/2010 17:11:25.940WIB
-4.963 133.76 26 7 mwc us
6/16/2010 03:16:27.550WIB
-2.174 136.543 18 7 mwc us
5/9/2010 05:59:41.620WIB3.748 96.018 38 7.2 mwc us
4/6/2010 22:15:01.580WIB2.383 97.048 31 7.8 mwc gcmt
9/30/2009 10:16:09.250WIB-0.72 99.867 81 7.6 mwc gcmt
9/2/2009 07:55:01.050WIB
-7.782 107.297 46 7 mwc us
2/11/2009 17:34:50.490WIB3.886 126.387 20 7.2 mwc us
1/3/2009 22:33:40.290WIB
-0.691 133.305 23 7.4 mwc gcmt
1/3/2009 19:43:50.650WIB
-0.414 132.885 17 7.7 mwc gcmt
11/16/2008 17:02:32.700WIB1.271 122.091 30 7.4 mww us
2/25/2008 08:36:33.030WIB
-2.486 99.972 25 7.2 mwc gcmt
2/20/2008 08:08:30.520WIB2.768 95.964 26 7.4 mwc us
9/13/2007 03:35:28.720WIB-2.13 99.627 22 7 mwc gcmt
9/12/2007 23:49:03.720WIB
-2.625 100.841 35 7.9 mwc gcmt
9/12/2007 11:10:26.830WIB
-4.438 101.367 34 8.4 mww official
8/8/2007 17:05:04.920WIB
-5.859 107.419 280 7.5 mwc gcmt
1/21/2007 11:27:45.060WIB1.065 126.282 22 7.5 mwc gcmt
7/17/2006 08:19:26.680WIB
-9.284 107.419 20 7.7 mwc hrv
1/27/2006 16:58:53.670WIB
-5.473 128.131 397 7.6 mwc hrv
3/28/2005 16:09:36.530WIB2.085 97.108 30 8.6 mww official
3/2/2005 10:42:12.230WIB
-6.527 129.933 201.7 7.1 mwb us
2/5/2005 12:23:18.940WIB5.293 123.337 525 7.1 mwc hrv
12/26/2004 00:58:53.450WIB3.295 95.982 30 9.1 mw official
11/26/2004 02:25:03.310WIB
-3.609 135.404 10 7.1 mwc hrv
11/11/2004 21:26:41.150WIB
-8.152 124.868 10 7.5 mwc hrv
7/25/2004 14:35:19.060WIB
-2.427 103.981 582.1 7.3 mwb us
2/7/2004 02:42:35.210WIB
-4.003 135.023 10 7.3 mwb us
2/5/2004 21:05:02.840WIB
-3.615 135.538 16.6 7 mwc hrv
5/26/2003 19:23:27.940WIB2.354 128.855 31 7 mwc hrv
11/2/2002 01:26:10.700WIB2.824 96.085 30 7.4 mwb us
10/10/2002 10:50:20.570WIB
-1.757 134.297 10 7.6 mwc hrv
3/5/2002 21:16:09.130WIB6.033 124.249 31 7.5 mwc hrv
10/19/2001 03:28:44.460WIB
-4.102 123.907 33 7.5 mwc hrv
Sumber: https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map 2/24/2001 07:23:48.730WIB1.271 126.249 35 7.1 mwc hrv
2/13/2001 19:28:30.260WIB-4.68 102.562 36 7.4 mwc hrv
6/4/2000 16:28:26.170WIB
-4.721 102.087 33 7.9 mwc hrv
5/4/2000 04:21:16.210WIB
-1.105 123.573 26 7.6 mwc hrv
Peta Seismisitas
Peta Seismisitas
Year Month Day Time UTC Mag Lat Lon Depth km Region IRIS ID Timestamp
2017 1 10 06:13:47 7.3 4.46 122.58 612.7 CELEBES SEA 9953968 1484028827
2015 7 27 21:41:21 7 -2.63 138.53 48 IRIAN JAYA, INDONESIA 5153837 1438033281
2015 2 27 13:45:05 7 -7.3 122.53 552.1 FLORES SEA 5007016 1425044705
Data Gempa
2014 11 15 02:31:42 7 1.83 126.46 47.8 NORTHERN MOLUCCA SEA 4814839 1416018702
2013 4 6 04:42:36 7 -3.47 138.47 69.4 IRIAN JAYA, INDONESIA 4214964 1365223356
2012 12 10 16:53:09 7.1 -6.5 129.87 161.5 BANDA SEA 3650528 1355158389
2010 10 25 14:42:22 7.8 -3.52 100.1 20 SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 3180596 1288017742
2010 9 29 17:11:24 7 -4.99 133.78 20.5 IRIAN JAYA REGION, INDONESIA 2880142 1285780284
2010 6 16 03:16:29 7 -2.2 136.59 22.1 IRIAN JAYA REGION, INDONESIA 2874051 1276658189
2010 5 9 05:59:42 7.3 3.73 96.03 42.3 NORTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 2850173 1273384782
2010 4 6 22:15:02 7.8 2.36 97.11 33.4 NORTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 2848283 1270592102
2009 9 30 10:16:10 7.6 -0.71 99.97 90.2 SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 2838868 1254305770
2009 9 2 07:55:01 7 -7.73 107.41 57.8 JAVA, INDONESIA 2837840 1251878101
2009 2 11 17:34:51 7.1 3.78 126.5 24.2 TALAUD ISLANDS, INDONESIA 2865593 1234373691
2009 1 3 22:33:42 7.2 -0.71 133.31 34.4 IRIAN JAYA REGION, INDONESIA 2863926 1231022022
2009 1 3 19:43:55 7.4 -0.53 132.6 31.1 IRIAN JAYA REGION, INDONESIA 2863881 1231011835
2008 11 16 17:02:32 7.3 1.35 122.16 28.1 MINAHASSA PENINSULA, SULAWESI 2860364 1226854952
2008 2 25 08:36:33 7.2 -2.49 99.92 29.8 SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 2748503 1203928593
2008 2 20 08:08:31 7.3 2.76 95.96 31.4 OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA 2720471 1203494911
2007 9 13 03:35:28 7.1 -2.16 99.57 20 SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 2565764 1189654528
2007 9 12 23:49:04 7.9 -2.62 100.73 36 SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 2564553 1189640944
2007 9 12 11:10:26 8.5 -4.46 101.4 35.5 SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 2559759 1189595426
2007 8 8 17:05:06 7.4 -5.89 107.45 295.8 JAVA, INDONESIA 2539242 1186592706
2007 8 8 17:04:58 7.5 -6.09 107.58 293.8 JAVA, INDONESIA 2539213 1186592698
2007 1 21 11:27:44 7.5 1.08 126.36 23.5 NORTHERN MOLUCCA SEA 2479108 1169378864
2006 7 17 08:19:26 7.7 -9.32 107.42 20 SOUTH OF JAVA, INDONESIA 2348791 1153124366
2006 1 27 16:58:54 7.6 -5.45 128.19 403.6 BANDA SEA 2279866 1138381134
2005 3 28 16:09:35 8.6 2.1 97.11 30 NORTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 2092067 1112026175
2005 3 2 10:42:09 7.1 -6.57 129.88 197.6 BANDA SEA 1939374 1109760129
2005 2 5 12:23:18 7.1 5.29 123.44 540.4 MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES 1952015 1107606198
2004 12 26 00:58:52 9.1 3.41 95.9 26.1 OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA 1916079 1104022732
2004 11 26 02:25:00 7.1 -3.65 135.41 5.1 IRIAN JAYA REGION, INDONESIA 1908429 1101435900
2004 11 11 21:26:42 7.5 -8.15 124.74 23.1 TIMOR REGION 1822213 1100208402
2004 7 25 14:35:17 7.3 -2.49 103.97 581.9 SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 1894431 1090766117
2004 2 7 02:42:34 7.3 -4.03 135.09 15 IRIAN JAYA REGION, INDONESIA 1708371 1076121754
2004 2 5 21:05:02 7 -3.65 135.52 28.3 IRIAN JAYA REGION, INDONESIA 1706156 1076015102
2002 11 2 01:26:11 7.2 2.98 96.11 31 NORTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 1395373 1036200371
2002 10 10 10:50:22 7.5 -1.75 134.26 24.8 IRIAN JAYA REGION, INDONESIA 1424488 1034247022
Sumber: http://ds.iris.edu/ieb/evtable.phtml 2002
2001
3 5 21:16:09 7.5 6.03 124.27
10 19 03:28:43 7.5 -4.09 123.98
33 MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
33 BANDA SEA
1253514
1226657
1015362969
1003462123
2001 2 24 07:23:50 7.1 1.33 126.34 55.6 NORTHERN MOLUCCA SEA 1117020 982999430
2001 2 13 19:28:30 7.4 -4.75 102.48 33.9 SOUTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA 1021272 982092510
Peta Focal Mechanism
Peta Focal Mechanism
Beach Ball Plot
Bencana Akibat Gempabumi
■ Dampak akibat gempabumi ada dua: dampak primer (langsung) dan dampak sekunder
■ Dampak Primer meliputi:
1. Ground shaking (getaran tanah)
2. Surface faulting (slip/dislokasi di permukaan)
3. Ground failure (landslide/tanah longsor)
4. Liquefaction
5. Tsunami
■ Ground shaking merupakan penyebab utama kerusakan
■ Dampak sekunder meliputi kebakaran, banjir, dll
Sebelum Gempabumi
Setelah Gempabumi
SEISMIC ZONES MAP
■ Worldwide map of earthquake zones was designed to help nations prepare for
future earthquakes and take steps to mitigate potential damage and deaths.
■ Scientists divided the globe into 20 regions of seismic activity, conducted fresh
research and studied records of past quakes.
■ Representation of the potential seismic accelerations of various regions or Zones.
■ The maps evolved over time and future versions will map based on a measure of
consistent risk for damage to new structures rather than seismic return periods.
■ The Zone number correlated to a level of acceleration expressed as a % of gravity or
g. The maps were intended to represent the likely levels of earthquake ground shaking
and, therefore, the potential for structural damage.
■ The ground accelerations associated with the Zones were probabilistic based and
correlated to prescribed levels of ground accelerations with Zone 4 being the highest and
0 being negligible.
■ 2017 Short-term Induced Seismicity Model US -The map is intended to provide
information to the public and to facilitate the development of induced seismicity
forecasting models, methods, and data.
■ 2014 Long-term Model - The National Seismic Hazard Maps are derived from seismic
hazard curves calculated on a grid of sites across the United States that describe the
annual frequency of exceeding a set of ground motions.
BAGAIMANA PETA ZONASI
SEISMIK DIGUNAKAN
UNTUK MITIGASI?
■ Dari peta zonasi seismic yang didasarkan pembagian zona seismik menurut nilai
hazard relatif seperti yang diajukan oleh DRM-World Institute for Disaster Risk
Management (2004), kita dapat konstruksi peta zonasi hazard gempa bumi.
■ Zonasi seismik akan merepresentasikan hazard relatif dari semua grid di wilayah
yang diselidiki.
dalam studi hazard gempa harus
dipertimbangkan pengaruh kondisi deposit
tanah lokal untuk melihat secara detail
perilaku respons dinamik tanah akibat gempa.
Delfebriyadi, 2017
Pemetaan Zonasi Seismik menjadi penting
untuk mengetahui bentuk kerusakan akibat
gempa yang berkaitan dengan karakteristik
goncangan seperti amplitudo, kandungan
frekuensi dan durasi gempa yang dirasakan
di permukaan tanah.
Delfebriyadi, 2017
Anbazhagan, 2010
Indeks Bahaya Gempabumi