396 to kao certain terminology, concepts. and probably caeatios involved ia ‘ect sampling This chapor uses oy ft aceepance semling by at Meee Selon te cerminoogy aed concen apd to sae some tyes of Sani cletiatons, Dicisson of acceptance sampling fom contonss arr sodacis delerred unt Chap. 16. Desussion of acceptance smping by variables defered unt Chap. 17 se ofthe Words Defective and Defect in Part Two of Tis Book te was pointed atin Chap. | that when these words ae wed in tet esi qty Ueng wits ack of conornty to specications, they donot nese ‘Seam defective an defect nthe pops snse. I js common for yeenons ‘Grebo a margin of safety therefore, seme product that dos 9 met sE= eeeee oc satstactry fore iiended tse. The dference Dewees te ‘eefnca and popular meanings bas been a source of confsion and msunde “Nanding in lava nslsing product ably "Wn intern oflartynwring ane speaking abou topics elated oat cof manufactured prodoetit ould desirable everyone concerned with ai) ters would abandon the use of defective and defect nthe restricted ecnise ‘ne, tn art One of this eon of *Sutsieal Qualty Cool” with afew Tee ht general involve quottions, te authors have Ben bet 50 Staats appropriate words or phrases sere previous eas have Used one of TEN eae or example, we have refered fo nonconforming prot percent ejected, and umnbers of nonconormies ‘Glisamatty,t docs not seem rexconable to contin sch skstuns througout Put Two. The acceptance sampling systems tht we examine inthe [Rivets chapters al make counidrabie se ofthe Words defective and defect, ‘Freer the wos sould be used in exlaiing the systems, Nevertheless. he esi ould ungertad tha inthe coming pages these words are used i er (RGA tech! senses A defective tem i one that docs rot color ‘ectetions ia some respect a defect nonconformity tosoe sperifeaton some Symbols and Terms Used in Relation to Acceptance Sampling ans “Te pebabliy rincples presente in Chap. 6, andthe explanation of cond TRE ee traton rejected and fr numbers of senconformies ive in Chas SPATE prove e background fra dacussion ofthe evalation of ceepance Jatt xSling sampling by aunts, Tn dacossingsoch plans, the fawn yale are sed [N= numberof pecs in a gven lt o batch, In = amber of plese a sample Dx numberof detective pices (i.e. pieces not conforming 0 spec Feations lan pve to ie + Wc alee, be nesion en inst flew at cna Anan sciletapteme geSa ateSome Fundamental Concept mn Acetance mpg 1 umber of detective pices (pices not conforming to spec ‘cations ina even stnpe of six «= acceptance number the matinum ilowable umber of detective Dieses ina sample sze (Alea denoted by Ain some cases) = faction defective. Tn given subitedlt,tis sD na ven sample iin, = tue process average ration defective fa product submited fr = were fection defective in observed samples. 1. Lip) = probably of soceptnce 8 = Consumer's Risk, te probity of accepting product of some sisted undesable quay isthe valuect Ft het sted guy 1 = Producers Rsk, the probity of rejecting oduct ef ome ated (sable quality. = I~ Py at that sated qual Paste se fraction detective having probability of acceptance of 09S, 0.0, (010 ee, under any given acceptance err, Lotsy-Lot acceptance Using Single Sampling by Atributes Iacceptanc inspection a defective aril i define as one tha iso conor 'o specications in oe o more quality characterise. A common procedure In ‘scceptane samplig iso conser each subited foto produc sepurly sad {0 base the decision on acceptance or rejection of he at onthe evidence of one ‘oF more samples chosen at random fom the lt. When the deco altaya tae onthe evidence of only one sae the acceptance plant docoubed es Lnste sampling pan ‘Any systematic plan for single sapling requis that three aumbers be specified. One the numberof articles is he lot from which the sample to be iawn, The second i the numberof ets nin the teow samp dau fom the lt, The thi the acxptance pumber “Ths acceptance mune is the masumum allowable nunber of defective stiles in the stp. More tha ¢ defectives wil aus te rejection ofthe lt In sampling plans developed without beset of sats analysis, ¢ often specieg us 20 under the ion that the sles pesos tft ml Be pret Ts the discussion tat flows, sampling acceptance pins ofthis tyne we esentet by these tee numbers For instance, te sarging pan of Econ N= 80 1s specifled inthis way a5 fn = "3 These tree aumbers maybe interpreted 48 saying, “Take a random sample ofS from lo f $0 he sample contains ‘ore than O defectives, reject the lot otherwise, acep Me ample 13 examined this pan ert under» partwulr assumption, om bre neal oa 397398 Acceptance Samting ‘amey. thatthe plan was used for acceptance of produc that onthe average was ‘7 dette. The dsrbutionofdefecves mong the lots wis assed to oe {he avs of chance. (This amounied to an asomption ether ta the redocton ‘process was suusially contol or tat the Produt was wel ited belo ‘ein divided nto ats} Under this sssuption: te oe aceyed bythe Pan proved tobe 3% defectives thm modest improvement in product aly wat complished a the sou of rejecting Ih of he subnitel oss After the de fectiveatles fond insamples rom the eece os were emiated, he average ‘ality of the remainder ofthe sjecie los as not special worse than te Serge of the accepted lots war even ha tht sampling acceptance pan ‘was no a satisfactory oe under the asumed conitons ‘he Operating characters (OC) Curve ofan Acceptance Sampling Plan ‘Shows the Ability ofthe Plan to Distinguish between Good ond Bad Lots 1m joding varios acceplance sampling plans i is desirable to compare thir peformance over a range of posite guaty levels of submited produc. An Excell pcre of this performance i sven by the operating choracteriic ‘ures mentioned in Chap”? Such carves are commonly referred to 18 OC For any given fraction defective p in submited, the OC carve shows such lot wl Be nceped bythe sven sampling pla the OC curve shows ie long rn percentage sobmited lowthat wou acepidifa great many os of any sated qulty Were abated for inspection. Figures 12-1 to 2 ae the OC curves a4 umber of single AS explained later io this chapter, in most cases OC curves may alto be ‘nought o as showing the probably of accepting ts om a seam ef procul having Teton ctetve 7 Sampling Acceptance Plans with Same Per Cent Samples ive Very Different Quality Protection Before the widespread use of modem acceptance sampling ystems, s commen practice i industry was to spect thatthe ume inspected shoul he sme ied eeentage of the lot, suchas 5, 10, oF 20. This specication san genealy fs the mistaken tea tht the protection given by sampling Schemes onstan ifthe tio of sample sz tot size is constant. Sch pelcatos were ten asocated with ap steepance numberof tee ‘Stoo Mary jt re Wat wa war ope aca, Ca FC