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PAPER 2
Question 1
Questio Criteria Marks
n Sub Total
Num
1(a) ( i ) Able to name structures P,Q and R 3
Answer
P : Golgi Apparatus 1
Q: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 1
R : Mitochondria 1
Sample answer
Sample answer
2(c) (ii) Able to state one organelle that can be found abundantly in 1
muscle cells.
Answer
Mitochondrion / mitochondria 1
2(c) (iii) Able to explain why muscle cells has abundant number of 2
mitochondrion
Sample answer
P1: to produce (a lot of) energy (in a form of ATP) / ATP 1
P2: for the contraction (and relaxation) of the muscle 1
2(d) Able to explain why the bones of a female bird which lay eggs are 3
more brittle as its age increases
Sample answer
F1 : (Bird’s) bones mass decreases 1
E1 : as the bones are more porous / lighter 1
E2 : (since it had) lay many eggs 1
E3 : much calcium / phosphorus / phosphates used in forming the 1
shells of the eggs
E4 : leaving less / little calcium / phosphorus / phosphates used to form 1
(strong) bones // more bone minerals to be lost than deposited //
re-absorption of calcium / phosphorus / phosphates into the blood
stream is more than the withdrawing of calcium (during the
formation of bones)
Any 3
TOTAL 12
Question 3
No Criteria Marks
3 (a) Able to name the cell type that matches its respiration equation 2
Answer:
Muscle cells 1
Yeast cells 1
3(b)(i) Able to state the types of respiration: 2
Answer:
Muscle cells : Aerobic respiration 1
Yeast cells: Anaerobic respiration 1
3(b)( ii) Able to state 4 differences in the type of respiration 4
Sample answers:
Muscle cells Yeast cells
Need the presence of Oxygen absent
oxygen
Complete oxidation of Incomplete oxidation of 1
glucose glucose
Occurs in mitochondrion Occurs in cytoplasm 1
More /2898 KJ energy Lesser / 210 KJ energy
produced produced 1
Carbon dioxide + Water + Carbon dioxide + Ethanol + 1
2898 KJ Energy 210 KJ Energy 1
Any 4
3(c) Able to explain what happen to the yeast cells when too much 2
ethanol is produced
Sample answer
P1 : (Too much ethanol ) causes unsuitable medium / 1
condition // Toxic / poisonous medium / condition
P2 : for yeast cells to reproduced // yeast cells die 1
3(d) Able to explain the condition of a person after completing a 100 meter 2
race in 12 seconds
Sample answer
F : the person is panting / higher breathing rate
E1 : as he is in oxygen debt // anaerobic respiration 1
E2 : much lactic acid is produced (in his muscle cells) 1
E3 : causes muscle cramp 1
Any two 1
TOTAL 12
Question 4
No Criteria Marks
Sub Total
4a(i) Able to name the type of response 3
Answer
Tropism / phototropism 1
Sample answer
F1 : Positive Phototropism // Negative Geotropism 1
E1 : enables the plant to receive maximum amount of sunlight 1
for photosynthesis // any suitable explanation
OR
F1 : Negative Phototropism // Positive Geotropism 1
E1 : enables the root ( hair ) to absorb nutrients / mineral salts from the 1
soil // any suitable explanation
TOTAL 12
Question 5
No Criteria Marks
5(a) Able to state the genotype of the black colour wing and the 2
genotype of the pale and speckled wing
Answer
Genotype of black colour wing : BB / Bb 1
Genotype of pale and speckled wing : bb 1
(c) Able to explain how the offspring inherits the pale and speckled wing 3
Sample answer
P1 : Both parents are heterozygous / have genotype Bb 1
P2 : during meiosis 1
P3 : the (male) gamete receive allele B or b // the (female) gamete 1
receive allele B or b
P4 : during fertilization 1
P5 : the male gamete with allele b fused with female gamete with 1
allele b (so the offspring has genotype bb // pale and speckled wing)
Any 3
(d) Able to state one importance of the difference in wing colour to the moth 1
Sample answer
P1 : to have varieties in colour of the moth // variation 1
P2 : better adaptation to the environment // camouflage 1
P3 : better survival of the spesies // Any suitable explanation 1
Any 1
(e) (i) Able to name the process that causes the occurrence 1
Answer 1
Mutation / Deletion / Chromosomal mutation
(e) (ii) Able to explain how the mutagen causes the occurrence 3
Sample answer
F1 : Mutagen is radioactive radiation / X-ray / formaldehyde / carcinogens 1
/ monosodium glutamate // Any suitable example
E1 : The mutagen has high penetrating power // high radiation // mutagen 1
able to reach the DNA in the cells / nucleus / chromosomes
E2 : causing (drastic) change to the structure of the chromosome 1
E3 : resulting section P to be deleted // gene P to be missing 1
Any 3
TOTAL 12
Question 6
No Criteria Marks
6(a) Able to explain how glucose is transported across the cell through 4
X.
Sample Answer:
F: By facilitated diffusion 1
E1: with the aid of carrier protein / X 1
E2: when the concentration of glucose at the outside cell is higher 1
(than inside cell)
E3: glucose binds with (the active site of) the carrier protein / X 1
E4 : Carrier protein / X changes shape 1
E5: allowing glucose to move into the cell 1
E6 : Carrier protein resumes / change to its original shape 1
E7 : no energy is needed for the transport process 1
Any 4
6(b) Able to explain the absorption and assimilation of digested food. 10
Sample Answers:
F1 : ileum has (the adaptive features such as having) many villi /
villus / very thin cell wall / villus are surrounded by dense 1
network of blood capillary / lacteal
E1 : to increase the rate of diffusion of the digested food 1
E2 : glucose diffused from villi into the blood capillary to the liver
via the hepatic portal vein 1
E3 : excess glucose is converted to glycogen (to be kept in the 1
liver)
E4 : glycogen acts as stored food 1
E5 : In body tissue,glucose is oxidized during cellular respiration 1
to produced energy
E6 : amino acids from villi diffuse into blood capillary to the liver 1
via the hepatic portal vein
E7 : excess amino acids is deaminated / converted into urea (to
be excreted through the kidney) 1
E8 : amino acid will be used to synthesis new protoplasm / repair 1
of damaged tissues// used to synthesis proteins of plasma
membrane//produce enzymes/antibodies/hormones 1
E9 : fatty acids diffuse from villi into lacteal 1
E10: then transported to the thoracic duct /right lymphatic vessel// 1
lymphatic vessel
E11: to the subclavian veins back to the blood circulatory system 1
E12: fatty acids is synthesized to form the plasma membrane 1
E13 : stored in the adipose tissues (beneath the skin as a 1
source of energy)
Any 10
6(c) Able to explain how the treatment can help a person to reduce 6
body mass
Answer:
P1: Small intestine is the site / organ where digestion / 1
absorption of (digested) food occur
P2 : Slower rate of hydrolysing of food (to simplest food) 1
P3 : ileum / small intestine (has intestinal gland to) produce 1
(intestinal juice containing digestive enzymes
P4 : shorter ileum has lesser villi / lower surface area 1
P5 : so the rate of diffusion of digested food is slower 1
P6: less digested food is absorbed into blood capillary from the 1
villus
P7: the body tissue received less glucose (to undergo cellular 1
respiration)
P8: lack of glucose will cause the adipose tissues / stored fats to 1
be oxidized/used to produce energy
P9: reducing the amount of fats stored // increasing the amount of 1
fats used
P10: thus reducing the body mass 1
Any 6
TOTAL 20
Question 7
No Criteria Marks
TOTAL 20
Question 8
No Criteria Marks
8(a) Able to describe how double fertilization occurs in a plant. 10
Sample answers:
Sample answers:
Contraceptive pill
P1: contains oestrogen / progesterone hormone 1
P2: (oestrogen / progesterone hormone) can prevent the 1
formation of follicles in the ovary
P3: prevents ovulation // inhibits the secretion of Follicle 1
Stimulating Hormone / FSH / Luteinising Hormone / LH
P4: no fertilization occur // the woman is not pregnant 1
P5 : efficient / safe method (of birth control) 1
Intrauterine device
P6: (Intrauterine) device is inserted into the uterus (by doctors). 1
P7: left in the uterus (for approximately two, three and five years) 1
P8: irritates the endometrium / prevents the thickening of the uterine 1
wall
P9: Prevent the implantation of embryo 1
P10: No development of zygote / no pregnancy 1
P11 : efficient/safe method (of birth control) 1
Vasectomy
P12: the vas deferens are tied / cut in a surgical operation 1
P13: the sperms are still produced but cannot be transferred out / 1
reach the uterus / Fallopian tube
P14: no fertilization 1
P15 : efficient/safe method (of birth control) 1
(P5, P11 and P15, mark awarded once only)
Any 10
Total 20
Question 9
No Criteria Marks
9(a) Able to explain the importance of maintaining the biodiversity in the pond 10
ecosystem.
Sample answer :
Any 10
TOTAL 20