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Let’s talk about children. Under the law, … family code … endangered species …. Ngayon, ganito ahh,
under the family code, children are either legitimate or illegitimate, kaya lang under the civil code,
ganoon din, except that in the civil code, there are natural children by legal fiction. We did not mention
it in family code. Alright, so at both laws classify children as legitimate and illegitimate. Kaya lang sa civil
code, kapag sinabing illegitimate children, they include natural children by legal fiction, natural children
and also spurious children. Ngayon sa family code, ano na, legitimate and illegitimate, wala na yung mga
sub-species, natural children by legal fiction etc. Ok, ngayon balikan natin yung legitimate. Yung
legitimate, ano yan tatlong klase yan, kapag sinabing legitimate, it is a child conceived or born of a valid
marriage. Again a legitimate child, is one conceived or born of a valid marriage. Tama na yung na-
inconceived, nabuntis si wife, ok, so ikinasal na, nabuntis si wife, eh namatay si husband, so by the time
the child is born, wala kang asawa, …(7:50) eh ang tanong, is the child legitimate? Yes. Sabi ng law, a
legitimate child is conceived or born of a valid marriage. Oh ngayon pwede rin, yung babae at lalaki,
nagbahay-bahayan, at nabuntis si babae, ngayon nung nabuntis ang babae pinakasal, but to save honor,
sabi ni babae, pakasalan mo na ako, alright so pinakasalan. Right after marriage, nanganak. Kaya ayun na
nga legitimate. Although conceived before marriage but it was born of a valid marriage. Kaya lang
meroon tayong idadagdag dyan. While the marriage …(8:52) void, the family code itself provides that
the child/children shall nevertheless be considered legitimate. Ito yung mga nagkaroon ng annulment, o
declaration of nullity, but failed to comply with requirements of Article 52. So according to article 53,
any subsequent marriage, before providing the requirements of Article 52, shall be considered void.
Kaya lang the law itself says that any child born of the void marriage just to be considered legitimate.
Ok, ngayon, also considered legitimate, yung mga legitimated, kaya ang tanong ano ba ang ibig sabigin
ng mga legitimated child or children? Dalawang klase ngayon yan, yung una a child born of parents not
meant to each other but who have not married to each other. Anak nung dalagang at binata, … hindi pa
sila ikinasal, hindi pa sila kasal nung pinanganak ang bata so wala pang valid marriage so lumalabas
illegitimate yun. But later the parents married each other, so when they marriage the child or children …
legitimated. Kapag sinabi mong legitimated, it is as good as … born legitimate. Yan ang una, right ngayon
meron pa, …. children born of marriage where one of both of the parents were incapacitated to marry
each other, kulang sa edad, below 18 years, so in short hindi talaga pwedeng mag-asawa yun. Ngayon,
the law says any child born of the marriage is ?legitimate kaya lang nagkaroon ng later registration
providing them some set of children, actually once conceded legitimated when the parents marry each
other. So dalawang klase yung legitimated, so ngayon next legitimate, also considered legitimate,
adoptees. Adoptees under the Domestic Adoption Act of 1998. Lahat ng provisions about adoptions sa
family code were proceeded repealed with effectivity of Domestic Adoption Act of 1998. Kaya under
that law, an adoptee has the same standing, and has the same price of a legitimate child. Kaya yung
adoptee lumalabas na legitimate child. Same standing, same price. Then another classification is
illegitimate children simply parents that are not married to each other kaya illegitimate. Kaya lang
babalikan natin yung classification under civil code. dun sa civil code meroong natural children by legal
fiction. Kaya ang tanong ano yung natural children by legal fiction? Natural children by legal fiction is a
child born of a void marriage. Ito may nagpakasal magpinsan, yung marriage void kaya lang dahil
meroong kasal yung anak kahit na void ang marriage kahit na kinasal yung anak ang tawag natural child
by legal fiction. Kaya lang ano pinagkaiba nya sa natural child or natural children? Kapag natural child or
natural children simply walang kasal. Ang pinagkaiba ganito, dahil meroong kasal kahit na one way for

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the child or the children to have rights with respect to his/her parents especially to the parents
expecially to the … father, hindi na sila kailangan na mag-recognition of accomplishment kaya lang kung
walang kasal for that child who is illegitimate, who is considered natural child to have rights with respect
….(14:30) to the .. father , …. rights …. Kaya ayun ang pinagkaiba. And then dun sa civil code, lamang ang
natural child by legal fiction kesa dun sa ordinaryong natural child. Kaya lang yung advantage, that a
natural child by a legal fiction have over the natural child was … with the effectivity of the famiy code.
Ano yung advantage ng pagiging natural child by legal fiction? Successional of rights. Kasi dun sa civil
code, pag ikaw ay natural child by legal fiction, ang ?legitimized mo is half that of a legitimate child.
Ngayon naman, yung other illegitimate children, kasama na yung natural children, ang successional
rights nila will be ….. Kaya lang with the effectivity of the family code, naging ganap, … Ngayon let’s talk
about the Domestic Adoption of 1998. Yung purpose ng adoption under the civil code and also under
the family code is different from the Domestic Adoption of 1998. Kasi dati, ang nakakapag-adopt lamang
eh yung walang anak. So the purpose of the act was to enable many couple to imitate nature. Yan ang
purpose dati. Kaya lang dumami na yung mga batang walang magulang, tinapon lamang kaya ngayon
nandun na sila sa DSWD or nandun sa orphanage. Alright then some people, … they may not married
and they want to have a child, or they are already married and they want to have both children but
cannot have some more. Nagka-problema na si babae, hindi na mabuntis, oh kaya gusto pa magka-
anak, and also to give children who have been abandoned or wandering in the orphan to have a family,
be a part of family kaya ang purpose nun is Domestic Adoption of 1998. Ang tanong eh who may adopt?
Who may adopt? Meroon qualification sa adopter and meron ding qualification sa magiging adoptee.
Ang words kung ikaw ay mag-aadopt, adopter, kung ikaw naman yung i-aadopt, ang tawag natin
adopted …. yung hindi adopt adoptee. Kaya ang tanong, who may be an adopter and who may adopt? #
1 is a Filipino citizen, #2 is a former, sabi ng qualifications provided under the law. And the law also
provides that the guardian of a minor ….1915 after approval of his accounts. Kaya ang tanong ano ang
qualifications of a Filipino adopter? Syempre dapat consider age. Kasi kung minor pa … is when a minor
is under parental authority, kaya without parental authority, how can you perform the functions of a
parent when you yourself under parental control. Kaya dapat tama of legal age. As a general rule at least
16 years older than the adoptee as a general rule kasi meron dalawang exception. Kaya ngayon, ano
yung exceptions? Kasi ang age difference ng adopter and adoptee is 16 years. Ako pwede ko kayong i-
adopt kasi age difference nation obviously is more than 18 years. Ngayon kalian pwedeng 16 years yung
difference? First, is when a person would be adopting his own illegitimate child with the purpose of
improving his civil status. Kunyari yung lalaki eh 15 years old. Si babae 12 or 13 years old eh nagbahay-
bahayan sila. Eh napasarap sila maglaro ng bahay-bahayan. So after nabuntis si babae, hindi naman sila
nagkatuluyan. So ngayon si lalaki, wants to improve the status of the child, lumalabas yun illegitimate, …
walang kamalay-malay naging illegitimate kaya he may adopt his own illegitimate child kaya lang ang
age difference nila is not at least 16 years kasi kung nagbahay-bahayan sila ng 14, nanganak 9 months
later, wala pang 16. At si babae kung nakipag-bahay bahayan na ng 12 anyos, 13 anyos pa lang mommy
na sya. It will grow to ….(22:27) state of the child, she may adopt. Oh ano pa, ano pa yung hindi
kinakailangan ng at least 16 years difference? When the adopter would be adopting that legitimate child
of his or her spouse. When the adopter would be adopting the legitimate child of his or her spouse. So
papaano yun? Oh ganito ahh, halimbawa may nakatagpo kang byuda, ganda ng byuda kaya lang mas
matanda sya sa iyo, yung byuda patay na asawa nun syempre byuda nay un. So meron syang anak dun

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sa asawa nya, ngayon nagka-igi kayo and you want to marry the byuda, ngayon yung anak ng byuda 10
years old na, kaw naman 20 years old na, you decided to marry the byuda, and age difference mo at
nung anak ng byuda is walang 16 years yet you may marry likewise you may adopt because that’s the
other exception provided by the law. I have a friend, napangasawa nya byuda, and age difference nya
dun sa anak ng byuda is only 5 years. Yung age difference nya sa byuda is 18 years. Yung pinakatawag na
sa kanya ng stepson nya Uncle. Ano pa yung mga qualifications for a Filipino to be an adopter? Dapat no
conviction by final judgment for a crime involving moral turpitude. No conviction for a crime involving by
a final judgment for a crime involving moral turpitude. Kaya kung halimbawa ikaw, nasenstensiyahan by
final judgment for acts of lasciviousness hindi ka pwedeng mag-adopt. Kasi acts of lasciviousness
involves moral turpitude. Ganun rin kapag nang-rape ka, kapag nagnakaw ka, nag-snatch ka ng
celphone, kumain ka sa restaurant hindi ka nagbayad, estafa yun di ba,nagpatalbog ka ng tseke. Yung
pagpapatalbog ng tseke was declared by the supreme court as an offense involving moral turpitude.
Kaya kung ikaw ay nasentensyahan na, baka magka-problema ka pagkuha ng bar, pwedeng maipasa mo
pero hindi ka makapag-oath taking kasi disqualified ka. Because issuing a bouncing check as sued by the
high court involves moral turpitude. At kapag abogado ka na, huwag kayong papatalbog ng tseke, kasi
when it comes to offenses involving money matters or property matters, mahigpit ang supreme court
kaya pansinin nyo yung mga cases involving legal ethics, ang pikanamaganda niyan i-dispatch yung
abogado na nakialam sa pera ng client or property ng client or nagpatalbog ng tseke. It becomes serious
when it comes to money or property matters kaya ayun yung iingatan ninyo. Actually yung morality
nagiging ground for disciplinary action only if may nagreklamo, kung wala namang mag-rereklamo, not a
ground for suspension, not a ground for disbarment. Kaya lang kung may nagreklamo pag-uusapan yan.
Yung involve sa sports dati, abogado yun kaya lang na-disbar kasi nagreklamo yung husband nung babae
tinago. ….(28:50-29:30) Tsaka isa pa, ang hindi kinakailangan asawa, …. UP professor yan, meron syang
asawa … decided to go back with the wife, nagalit si number 2, number 1 ang complainant it would be
the other woman, kaya lang sabi ko sa inyo, pag may magrereklamo, kapag wala naman ok, everbody
happy. Huwag lang money matters kasi … ang supreme court. So ano pa yung requirements of Filipino
adopter? You must be emotionally and psychologically fit to adopt. Also financially capable. Mag-aadopt
ka eh wala kang trabaho paano mo papakainin ung i-aadopt mo. So ayun ang requirements ng Filipino
adopter. So what about the requirements of an alien or former in order to adopt? The former who
wants to adopt must have all the qualifications of a Filipino Adapter. Kaya lang may additional. Yung
foreigner who wants to adopt must have been residing in the Philippines for at least 3 years before the
adoption. And should continue to reside in the Philippines for at least 2 years after finality of adoption.
Kaya in total hindi lang 5 years, higit pa. Yung adoption may hearing yun and it takes time. Depende yan
sa sipag ng judge, depende yan sa …(33:57) ng prosecutor. Kaya kung madaming postponement. …. also
you get decision from a court. … sobra2x pa. And based on our experience inaabot minsan ng dalawang
taon. Kaya ang nangyari 3+2+2 pitong taon yun. That’s what the law provides. Yung three years
requirement, yung three year residence requirement before adoption pero exceptions naman yan. So
one exceptions is if the foreigner who’s going to adopt was once a Filipino citizen. And he’s going to
adapt a relative within 4th degrees whether by affinity or consanguinity. So a foreigner, kelangan ng 3
year residence before being able to adapt, kaya lang this requirement will be first waive if the foreigner
was once a former Filipino citizen and he’s going to adopt a relative within 4 th degrees whether by
affinity or consanguinity. Oh kunwari ikaw yun, binibiro ka nag-abroad ka and you acquired foreign

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citizenship, may dalawa kang anak and gusto mo dagdagan, pwede kang mag-adopt ng pinsan mo na
batang-bata pa, ayun relative by 4th degrees by consanguinity. Ngayon pwede din ba yung affinity?
Perhaps magka-mag anak, yung mga in-laws, ganun yung affinity, kaya kung meroon kang sister-in-law,
hindi kayo related by blood, in-law kasi yan eh, by affinity, etc, pwede mag-adopt. Also pwede mong i-
adopt, hindi mo na kailangan ng 3 years requirement if kahit na foreigner ka, dating Filipino, and you are
going to adopt jointly with your spouse his/her relative within 4th degrees also by affinity or
consanguinity. Jointly with your spouse ahh. Ngayon, also not a part of a 3 year requirement if you are
going to adopt the legitimate child of your Filipino spouse. Kunyari Filipino ka or nag-abroad ka na,
American Citizen ka na ngayon, and then pagbalik mo sa Pilipinas, meroon kang nakilalang Filipina na
single-mother. So kung single mother yun pakasalan mo and i-adopt mo, single mother na yun ano and
legitimate yung anak nya kasi kung illegitimate yun dapat joint ang adoption nyo. Kasi magiging …(38:23)
na yung sitwasyon ikaw illegitimate child ng nanay mo, alright pag in-adopt kita, ako lalabas na magiging
legitimate parent mo, mas improved pa yung relationship natin kesa dun sa nanay mo. Ok so ang
requirement ng law legitimate ka ngayon pero kung illegitimate ka din kinakailangan kami ng nanay mo
joint adoption, mag-joint adoption sayo. Ngayon ano yung additional requirements of a foreigner who
wants to adapt? Diba sabi ko kanina a former must have the same exactly qualifications as of a Filipino
adopter, kaya lang may additional qualifications? Ang tanong ano yung additional qualifications? One,
the foreigner must be qualified to adopt under the laws of his own country. The former who wants to
adopt a Filipino should also be capacitated to adopt under the laws of his country. Eto pa, the laws of his
country must allow the entry of the adoptee in that country as a child of the adopter. Hindi pwedeng
ang adoption ninyo hanggang Philippine territory lang kaya kung makakapag-adopt ka, kung foreigner ka
mag-adopt ka, the law of your country must allow the entry of the adoptee in that country as your child.
Ano naman ang qualifications ng adoptee? Yung adoptee dapat minor. Kaya kayo gustuhin ko man,
gusto nyo man hindi ko kayo pwedeng i-adopt. Kaya lang may dalawang exceptions yan. If a person who
will be adopting his own illegitimate child for the purpose of improving his social status. Kasi nga naman,
illegitimate yun, gusto mo magkaroon ng rights of a legitimate child, eh di adopt mo kaya lang hindi na
sya minor, … kunyari nakabuntis ako ng babae tapos nagtago na ako, I don’t assume the obligations of a
parent so in short to avoid the pressure kaya ako nagtago. Then after many years I got to meet again the
mother of the child and also I got to meet my own child kaya lang 40 anyos na sya. Hindi na sya minor.
Kaya lang pwede kasi I want to improve his civil status from illegitimate to legitimate. Also hindi na
kinakailangan ng minor if a person who will be adopting another who during his minority was regarded
by his adopter as his own child. Alright madami yung tinatawag na adoptions pero hindi naman
adoptions. Marami ang bumibili ng bata. May mga gustong magkaroon ng anak dahil natutuwa sa bata,
.. alam nila yung legal process, ang gastos naman kasi magastos talaga ang adoption. Kaya may
nagtanong ng baby na for sale, aba ang ganda nito ahh so bibilhin na yun. Minsan ang bayad dun yung
gastos lang sa panganganak. … nagpa-subpoena dun sa gastos sa panganganak or pambayad mo na dun
sa mga outstanding debts kasi kapag nabuntis ang babae magastos yan so in short mangungutang kapag
nakapanganak na ayaw nya ng anak, gusto nya lang umuwi sa probinsya so ayun binenta ang anak .. to
pay for obligations. Ngayon ayan ang practice, ngayon ikaw yung bumili. Nung binili mo, gusto mo yung
bata problema ayaw mo naman gumastos. Magastos ang adoption. Malaking abala. …(44:59) Eh
syempre years passed nag-sama sila, yung nag-alaga gets to loved the child, ngayon nung matanda na,

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narealized nya na oo nga pala hindi nya tunay na anak ito, kapag ako namatay, .. eh ayaw kong mapunta
sa mga kapatid mo.

45:31

Gustong mapunta dun sa inaalagaan kaya lang hindi mo pa naman tunay na anak iyon. Ngayon 40, 50
anyos na sya, pwede mo pa bang i-adopt? Yes. Because during the minority of the child he was regarded
as her own child kaya dalawa yan na hindi kinakailangan na minor. Madami yan. Ginagawa ... kapag sa
hospital yam may birth certificate yan, kaya lang yung mga hindi dinala sa hospital marami yan walang
birth certificate yan. Kung sa tuta yan wala yang papeles. So ang ginagawa pinalababas anak nung bibili.
Kaya lang bawal yun it's a crime, it's a felony ang tawag dun simulation of birth. Ang ginagawa until now,
bumibili ng bata paparehistro papagawa ng birth certificate, palalabasing anak ng bumili. It's a felony
under the revised penal code, ang tawag simulation of birth. ... still its a common practice. Whose
consent is required in adoption? Eto. Kung may kukunsulta sa inyo at lalapit tungkol sa adoption, huwag
muna kayong gagawa ng petition for adoption. Sayang lang yun. Step 1, if the child whom they intend to
adopt declared either officially or administratively as fit for adoption. Oh may nag-iwan ng bata dun sa
harap ng pintuan nyo, may nakalagay pakialagaan ng anak ko. Naawa naman sila. Wag ka muna pupunta
sa abogado para gumawa ng petition for adoption. Dahil sa iniwan sa bahay nyo at iniwan sa may
pintuan, pumunta ka sa DSWD. and then you apply for the child be declared fit for adoption. .... the child
may be declared as free from adoption. Ngayon wala na namang nag-iiwan ng bata. So san kayo ngayon
pupunta. May mga tinatag na orphanage, punta ka sa orphanage. Ngayon hindi lang naman orphanage,
may tinatawag ding child clearing agency. Ngayon gusto mong mag-adopt, find out whom you want to
adopt. Kaya lang sabi ko nga sa inyo kanina, before you prepare any paper for adoption, first step is have
that person or child declared fit for adoption. So sino nag-dedeclare nun e di DSWD. Ok nadeclare na, fit
for adoption. So sinabi mo sa DSWD, plano kong i-adopt yan, so gagawin naman ng DSWD, gagawa ng
case study. Yes the DSWD will conduct a case study, kaya maraming tanong sayo sigurado. Ok so you
have found fit to adopt, gagawan ngayon ng DSWD ng report, case study report, kapag meron ka nang
case study report, that's the time you prepare a petition for adopt. Huwag ka muna gagawa ng petition,
baka hindi maging maganda yung case study report sayang yung petition, kaya kapag nakuha mo na
yung case study report or recommendation is in favor mo so you can prepare petition to adopt. So ang
lumalabas ang unang unang consent that's needed for adoption is consent from DSWD. If the child is an
orphan, living in an orphanage, .... but if it is not an orphanage, just a child clearing agency, then the
consent of the person in charge in that agency.

52:13

Hindi naman kasi lahat lahat ng abandoned na bata nasa DSWD, hindi kaya ng DSWD, kaya kinakailangan
sa kumbento, buti nga tao yun, kapag may iniwang bata dun sa kumbento, ano bang ginagawa ng mga
madre at tska mga pari, e di inaalagaan, sila mismo ang nag-aalaga. Also whose consent is required for
adoption? If the child to be adopted is over 10 years old, hindi ko sinasabing 10 years old over better say
over 10, lahat ng tao stays 10 years old for only one second, pag lagpas ng second na yun, over 10 years

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old na sya. Kaya better to say a child over 10 years old needs to give his consent to the adoption. Oh
ano pa, kanino pang consent, kung ikaw ay adopter at meroon kang legitimate child or children also
over 10 years old, their consent is also required. Kapag legitimate child or children over 10 years old.
How about the child considered illegitimate? If the child or children are illegitimate over 10 years old
and living with the adopter, their consent is also required. Meroon kang kaibigan na may illegitimate
child tapos mag-aadopt ka pa ng hindi mo naman ka-ano ano, so lalabas i-aadopt mo with a better civil
status than your ….(55:43) parang nakakaawa naman yung illegitimate. Katutubo yun, illegitimate sya
kaya successional rights nya less than the successional rights of a person adopted. So kanino pang
consent pa ang kailangan? Kung buhay pa yung biological parents, consent of the biological parents.
Hindi kinakailangan ang consent ng grand parents. Kasi sabi ng law biological parents. Oh kanino pang
consent ang kailangan? Kung meroon kang asawa, …(55:44) general rule is spouses will adopt jointly
except when a person who build up the legitimate child of his/her spouse. Or if a person who dealt with
his/her own illegitimate child for the purpose of improving his civil status. Kunyari ikaw yung lalaki, may
asawa ka, may anak kayo, tapos ikaw nakipaglaro ka sa ibang babae, nabuntis mo, yung anak ninyo
illegitimate. So sabi naku illegitimate yung anak natin, so with respect to successsional rights, less yung
successional rights nya with respect to my ….(57:50) ngayon, sabi ko sa inyo, spouses should adopt
jointly. Mahiya-hiya ka naman sa asawa mo, gumawa ka ng krimen tapos mag-aadopt pa kayo, papa-
adopt mo pa yung anak nyong illegitimate sa kanya, kaya hindi na kinakailangan ng jointly pag ganun,
kaya lang kailangan ng consent nung wife/spouse involve. Kasi maaapektuhan yung kanyang
successional rights with the adoption. Kasi yung legitimate magiging safe as illegitimate child that will
affect the successional rights of the spouse. Isa pa, when the spouses need not adopt jointly when they
are legal separated. Oh may asawa ako nag-away kami, kasi nalaman nya meron akong poultry, madami
akong chicks. Legal separate tayo. Eh wala naman ako magawa. Syempre custody na bata sa ina, kaya
ako ang right ko lang visitorial, kaya in short nag-iisa ako sa buhay na wala akong kasamang anak. Dahil
nagkaroon na kami ng legal separation, pwede na akong mag-adopt without getting the consent of my
spouse. Alright so yung adoption is a legal and judicial process. Meroon rule of procedure about
adoption, yung ginagawa ng iba na basta namimili ng bata o hindi binili binigay inadopt naman pinalaki
yung ang foster child, in-adopt iyon. Ngayon dahil yan ay hindi adoptee, yung pinalaking yun na kahit
ang tawag sayo Papa, Mama, hindi mo anak yun kaya legally wala yung rights kasi foster child. Hindi yun
adoptee. Iba ang standing ng adoptee, kapag adoptee ka, you’re as good as legitimate child. Yung foster
walang rights. Maliwanag and then law about foster parents, meron kaya lang fostering doesn’t create
rights. Maliwanag. What are the legal effects of an adoption? Through adoption or legal ties between
the biological parents and the adoptee are cut-off/severed except when a person would be adopting his
own illegitimate child in this case relationship is improve. Again, through adoption or legal ties between
the biological parents and the adoptee are cut-off/severed except when a person would be adopting his
own illegitimate child with the purpose of improving his civil status. Ngayon, since all legal files, between
the biological parents and the adoptee are severed, neither of them may inherit from the other….
1:00:00 ikaw yung parents by nature, pina-adopt mo na yung isang anak mo. Yung pinag-adoptan mo,
buenas, ngayon kayong mga biological parents, hanggang ngayon nakatira kayo sa Montalban, galing
kayong payatas, lumipat lang kayo ng Montalban. In short very poor pa rin kayo, … eh wala naman
siyang pamilyang sarili eh, wala pa rin kasi lahat ng legal ties ninyo cutoff because of the adoption.
Ngayon nakita mo yung anak mo nakita mong ok na sya, ngayon sya naman, he was able to accept that

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you have given him for adoption so that he would have a better life. Ok lang yung ginawa nyong pag-
papa-ampon sakin kaya lang ang purpose naman pala mas mapaganda ang buhay ko, ngayon gumanda
na ang buhay ko, gusto ko naman magmana sila kung ano ang maiiwan ko, ang tanong papaano?
Gumawa ka ng testamento, kasi yung biological parents mo at ikaw wala nang legal relationship. Dahil
wala nang legal ties, wala na kayong successional rights with respect to each other. So para ikaw maka-
mana, papaano yung anak mong pina-adopt, makamana na sayo , gumawa ka ng testamento yun nga
lang kung gagawa ka ng testamento you have to apply the requirements of the civil code that what you
may give-away is only your disposable free portion. Eh hindi mo pwedeng ibigay ang lahat, halimbawa
ikaw yung adoptee, nag-asawa ka tapos meron kayong dalawang anak. Ngayon kung mamimigay ka sa
biological parents mo, gaano yung pwede mong ipamana sa biological parents mo? Syempre tanggalin
mo muna yung …(1:05:00) ng legitimate children mo dalawa, pati yun … ng asawa mo, so in short
lumalabas na disposable free portion mo ay 4. Yun lang ang pwedeng ipamana mo sa biological parents
mo by will. Oh ngayon colorful ang buhay mo, meron kang legitimate child, isa lang , meron ka ding
illegitimate child, isa rin, meron kang asawa, in short kung gusto mo pamanahan ang magulang mo,
nanay at tatay mo, silang dalawa, gaano karami ang pwede mong ipamana? Wala. Why? Wala ka nang
disposable free portion. Kasi doon sa legitimate child kalahati na agad kanya. Spouse ¼ lang yan. Sa
illegitimate child ¼ , so ½ + 1/4 + ¼ ubos na. In adoption, the adoptee shall have the same price of a
legitimate child. Yung adoptee shall use the same surname of the adopter. Panget kung ang surname mo
Delos Santos tapos ang sa kanya Cruz. Kaya yung adoptee uses the surname of the adopter. Adoption is
a …(1:07:46) to a permanent relationship? No, because the law allows the adoptee to seek rescission of
the adoption in four occasions. When the adopter is physically abuses the adoptee, or when the adopter
sexually molested the adoptee, attempt for life or failure of the adopter to carry out obligations towards
the adoptee. Four occasions yan, so kung ikaw ay adoptee, pinagmamalupitan ka ng adopter, ayaw mo
na, there will be rescission of the adoption. Kaya ang tanong who files for rescission? So kung yung
adoptee minor pa, it’s the state that files for decision, DSWD. Salbahe yung adopter, pinagnasahan ka,
babae ka kasi ang ganda, pinagnasahan ka, you may also seek the rescission of the adoption. Tandaan
nyo, adoption to be recited only on the initiative of the adoptee. Dati kasi, rescission will be at the
initiative of the adopter as well as the adoptee, hindi na ganoon, rescission will be at the initiative of the
adoptee and only for the causes mentioned by the law. Dati kasi kakaiba, yung panahon kasi ng civil
code, kung ikaw yung nagtanggap, nagkaroon ka ng sarili mong anak, you can seek rescission. Kaya lang
hindi na ngayon. Kung ikaw adopter, wala kang dahilan to seek rescission. Rescission will be at initative
of the adoptee. Eh pano kung naging walang hiya yung adoptee. Wala akong magagawa, there’s nothing
in the law that comes for the receiver. Kaya ang gagamitin mo disciplinary, …. kung ano yung meron ka
ngayon enjoyin mo lang to the max. Para pag namatay ka maiwan mo sa adoptee yung utang. Kasi kung
mag-didis-inherit ka pa gagawa ka pa ng testament. Pag may testmento ipapa-probate pa yun. Pag
meron kang testamento ka ipapa-contest pa yun. So yung mga kamag-anak mo ino-oppose kung ano
mang opposition to the disiheritance. In short nag-aaway away pa sila. Trabaho yung mag-probate ka
pa. It will take forever. What is parental authority? It is the authority of the parents over their minor
children. Kaming mga magulang meroon kaming parental authority kapag meron pa kaming minor child.
Kasi kapag ang anak reaches the age of majority, ipso facto, parental authority is lost. Tulad nito, lahat
naman kayo ay over 18 na so wala nang parental authority ang mga magulang ninyo sa inyo. Kasi
parental authority is lost when a child reaches the age of majority. At yun na lamang ang dahilan ng

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automatic lost ng parental authority. Kasi dati sa civil code, parental authority is also lost when they
marry. Kaya dati if gusto mong mawala ang parental authority ng mga magulang mo, one way is mag-
asawa ka. Kaso napakasamang solusyon naman nun para mawala ang parental authority ng mga
magulang mo. Kaya one-way to lose their parental authority over you under the civil code if when you
marry but that was a very bad solution. When you may have it emancipated from parental authority but
you will be subjected to marital also known as martial authority. Under the civil code and also in the
family code, the other way of losing parental authority was voluntary concession. Kaya lang hindi na
ngayon yan. Sabi ko nga sa inyo kanina, iisa na lamang, is when the person reaches 18 tapos, yun lang.
Kasi dati sa civil code, kaya lang para makapag-asawa ka, kinakailangan at least 18, eh pagtungtong mo
ng 18, hindi ka na minor. Yung tinatawag naman na voluntary concession, under the civil code and also
in the family code, kung yung bata between 18 and 21 , eh diba sabi ko pag dating ng 18, ipso facto,
hindi ka na minor, kaya by the way wala na yung parental authority. Ngayon kung wala nang parents, at
yung child meron pa, who exercises authority over these minors? Meron tayong tinatawag na substitute
parental authority. Which could be exercise by the non-parents, at kung wala na rin by a brother or
sister already of legal age. Brother or sister of legal age. Kasi kung halimbawa, yung bunso 7 years old,
yung mas nakatatanda sa kanya 10 years old, hindi naman makakapag-exercise yung 10 year old over a 7
year old ng substitute parental authority. Eh yung 10 year old kailangan nya pa mismo ng guardian kaya
sabi ng law in order to exercise substitute parental authority kinakailangan brother or sister must be of
legal age. Ngayon kung may substitute parental authority, meron ding special parental authority. Kaya
ang tanong who exercises special parental authority? Special parental authority is exercised by school
administrator, teachers over their students within the premises of the school. Oh tanong, Do I exercise
special parental authority over you? Hindi na. Ang tatanda nyo na. Lagpas na kayo ng 18 diba. Hindi na
kayo minor, kung yung magulang ninyo wala nang parental authority sa inyo , more so ako. Kaya yung
special parental authority is only for minors. And kung minors dapat within the school premises. Kaya
kung ikaw student ka sa San Beda. 16 years old ka na. Dinismiss na yung klase nyo, uwi ka na, kaso kung
nanjan ka lang sa labas ng campus, yung teacher mo may still exercise special parental authority. Kaya
lang kung nakita ka ng teacher mo doon sa SM City Hall, malayo na yun. Wala na syang special parental
authority. Hindi na yun within school premises. Eh yung parental authority …in the loss, maybe
temporary or absolute. Temporary if the parents treating the minor a cruelty, temporary lang yan, basta
yung mga simple offenses lang. Kaya lang may tinatawag na permanent loss of parental authority.
Ngayon kapag sinabing permanent loss of parental authority, this is for the others who had attempted
on the virtue of their daughter. Yun lang. Yan permanent yan. Walang balikan yan. Kung ikaw minor,
ginugulpi ka ng tatay mo, nanay mo, you’re given cruelty, you’re given corrupt advice, your parents may
lose parental authority over you, it could only be temporary kasi pwedeng marestore. Kaya ang walang
restoration ang parental authority with respect to fathers who had attempted on the virtue of their
daughters. Kasi may mga tatay, may pagkakahibang, pinagnanasahan yung sariling daughter, kapag
ginawa yun, yung loss ng parental authority of the father shall be permanent. Walang balikan yun. Let’s
talk about the names that a married woman may used . A woman gets married, after marriage what
name may she used? Mamimili lang sya ahh, hindi pwedeng lahat. Ang pangalan ng babae, Maria Cruz.
Kunyari buong buo. Maria Reyes Cruz. Yun ang pangalang dalaga. Napangasawa nya si Jose Sales Santos.
Pagkatapos ng kasal, anong pangalang ang pwedeng gamitin ng babae? First thing, there is no obligation
on the part of the wife to make use of the surname of the husband. If a woman wants to keep her

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identity, although she had already gotten married, there is no obligation on the part of the woman to
make use of the name or surname of the husband. Kunyari yung lalaki gwapo talaga. Si babae naman, so
attractive to that man, ang problema lang ang pangalan ng lalaki, Jose Bagong Gahasa, eh yung si wife
ayaw nya ng apelyido, kasi oh Mrs. Bagong Gahasa, hindi ka pa nagahasa kahit kalian kaya lang ganoon
ang apelyido ng asawa mo, gusto ko nung lalaki kaso ayoko ng apelyido. So if they would marry, there is
no need to make use of the surname of the husband. Kaya kung ang pangalan mo ay Maria Reyes Cruz,
you may use it forever. Actually ayan ang ginagawa ng mga nagiging abogada. Syempre pinaghirapan
nyang maging abogada. Nag-aral sila ng law, Maria Reyes Cruz. Nakapasa na ng bar and they want to
keep her name, Maria Reyes Cruz, eh kung mag-aasawa, sasabihin ng mga magulang, kasi nga naman
kung gagamitin mo yung surname ng asawa, pag tinanong yan sa Office of the Bar confidant, pero kung
ganitong pangalan, Maria Reyes Cruz Bagong Gahasa, wala kaming ganyan na naka-file, kaya lang Maria
Reyes Cruz meron. Pero yung Maria Reyes Cortez wala. Kaya sige na, maraming abogada na ang
pangalan nila before they got married especially kapag successful. She wants to keep her identity. And
so paano kapag gusto mong gamitin ang surname ng asawa mo. Ano ang pangalan na pwede mong
gamitin after marriage. Ang pangalan is Maria Reyes Cruz, eh you married Jose Santos. Alright after the
marriage, pwede mong gamitin Maria Cruz Santos. Oh ano pa, Maria C. Santos. If you are very proud of
your husband, pwede mong gamitin ang name ng husband mo, Mrs. Jose Sales Santos. Kung gagamitin
nyo MRS. tapos buong pangalan ng asawa mo kasi marami ginagawang prefix yung MRS. sa kanyang
pangalan. Oh Maria Cruz tapos Santos. Mali yun. Kapag gagamitin mo yung MRS ang susunod dapat
buong buong pangalan ng husband mo. Kaya mali yung mga nakikinig, nagsusulat sa media. Andami
nung panahon ni Corazon Aquino. Kadalas dalasan sabi ng mga report, MRS. CORAZON AQUINO, mali
yun, dapat MRS. BENIGNO AQUINO JR., ganun talaga dapat. Why? Kasi kapag ginamit mo yung MRS
kung babasahin mo yun “asawa ni”. Sa palagay mo asawa mo sarili mo. Kung tatawagin mo Mrs. Maria
Cruz, e di asawa mo sarili mo. Kay dapat MRS. JOSE SANTOS, asawa ka ni Jose Santos. When a person
dies who are just in his service or funeral? When a person dies, it’s the legitimate family that arranges
from the funeral unless the person had given written instruction on who shall attend his funeral. Kaya
kapag yung tunay na asawa hiniwalayan ka na, yung asawa mo may kinasamang iba at nung namatay
ang husband mo doon sa kabila. Ngayon yung iba, to get even with the other woman kahit na nakaburol
na kukunin yung bangkay. Ang tanong may magagawa ba yung other woman? Wala. Because under the
law, it is the legitimate family that shall have the right to attend the funeral. Kaya lang exempted yan
kung meron written instruction yung namatay who will attend his funeral. Kaya kung wala legitimate
family. Kadalasan wala namang written instruction.