THEORY:

Carbon residue is what is left when lubricating oils are

heated to hightemperature in the absence of a sufficient
air. Most engines use lubricating oil inoperation and the
type of carbon formed has an important effect upon
performance. Although there is no common given res
idue specification for lubricating oil, oil ofrelatively
smaller amount of residue should be favourable. The
conradson carbonresidue tester is used to determine the
carbon residue of oil. It consist of porcelaincrucible with a
skidmore iron crucible testing on layer of sand in the
second larger ironcrucible testing on layer of sand in the
second larger iron crucible, all of which aresupported by
a wire triangle and a tripod surrounded by a sheet iron
hood and chimney.
 introduction
Carbon residue for a fossil fuel can be defined as the tendency
of that fuel to form carbondeposits at high temperature in an
inert atmosphere. Carbon residue for a fuel is measured
inweight percentage (wt %) or parts per million by weight (ppm
wt). High carbon residue value isundesirable for a fuel.When oil
is heated to a high temperature in the absence of sufficient
air a portion of the oil willdistill, thus leaving a carbon residue.
The amount of this residue is an index to the extent the oil
islikely to decompose in service. Under engine-operating
conditions, the amount and type of thecarbon formed has an
important effect upon the performance of the engine. While no
maximumresidue specifications for lubricating oils are
commonly given, a relatively smaller amount in one oilcompared
with another should be favorable.Apparatus known as the
Conradson carbon-residue tester is widely used in this country.
Itconsist of a porcelain crucible with a Skidmore iron crucible
resting upon a layer of sand in a secondlarger iron crucible, all
of which are supported upon a wire triangle on a metal stand of
specifieddimensions. The assembled tester is shown in the
figure. The crucibles are surrounded by anasbestos block and
covered by a sheet-iron hood and chimney. Heat is applied by a
Meker burner.An analytical balance is used to weigh the sample
of oil and the residue.A clean porcelain crucible is weighed to
the nearest 5mg, then filled with a 10g sample of oil
andweighed to the same accuracy. The crucible is then placed
in a Skidmore crucible. The sand in thelarge iron crucible is
leveled, and the Skidmore crucibles are covered, and the
assembly of cruciblesis centered on a wire triangle with the
asbestos insulation on a suitable ring stand. The whole
iscovered with the sheet-iron hood, and heat is applied with a
strong flame from the Meker burner sothat the pre ignition
period will be from 8.5 to 11.5 min. When smoke appears from
 OBJECTIVES:

 To be able to determine the carbon residue of a

liquid fuel

 To be able to know the definition of a carbon

residue test.

 To be able to have knowledge about carbon

residue of a liquid fuel.