Halmahera

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Halmahera
Corner of Halmahera Island.jpg
Coastline of Halmahera
Maluku Islands en.png
Halmahera in the north of Maluku Islands
Geography
Location South East Asia
Coordinates 0�36'N 127�52'ECoordinates: 0�36'N 127�52'E
Archipelago Maluku Islands
Area 17,780 km2 (6,860 sq mi)
Area rank 51st
Highest elevation 1,560 m (5,120 ft)
Highest point Mount Gamkonora
Administration
Indonesia
Largest settlement Tobelo
Demographics
Population 449,938 (2010)
Pop. density 25.3 /km2 (65.5 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups Tobelo, Bugis, Togutil people, Galela, Sahu, Waioli, Modole,
Pagu, Kao Islam, Sawai, Gane, Buli, Maba, Loloda, Tabaru, Patani, Bicoli.
Significant migrant groups include Sangir, Ternate, Tidore, Makian, and Javanese.
Halmahera, formerly known as Jilolo, Gilolo, or Jailolo, is the largest island in
the Maluku Islands. It is part of the North Maluku province of Indonesia and
Sofifi, the capital of the province, is located on the west coast of the island.

Halmahera has a land area of 17,780 km2 (6,860 sq mi), it is the largest island of
Indonesia outside the 5-main islands. It has population in 1995 of 162,728, it has
increased to 449,938 for the island itself (excluding the tip which is considered
part of the Joronga Islands, but including Gebe and Ju islands) and 667,161 for the
island group (including all of South Halmahera and Tidore, but not Ternate).[1][2]
Approximately half of the island's inhabitants are Muslim and half are Christian.

Contents
1 History
2 Geology
3 Natural history
4 Mining
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History

A Togutil man of Halmahera island

Sparsely-populated Halmahera's fortunes have long been closely tied to those of the
smaller islands of Ternate and Tidore, both off its west coast. These islands were
both the sites of major kingdoms in the era before Dutch East India Company
colonized the entire archipelago.

During World War II, Halmahera was the site of a Japanese naval base at Kao Bay.

In 1999 and 2000 Halmahera was the site of violence that began as a purely ethnic
dispute between residents of (mainly Christian) Kao and (entirely Muslim) Malifut
sub-districts and then took on a religious nature as it spread through much of the
North Moluccas, called the Maluku sectarian conflict. Thousands of people on
Halmahera were killed in the fighting between religious militias. In June 2000,
about five hundred people were killed when a ferry carrying refugees from the
fighting on Halmahera sank off the northeast tip of Sulawesi island. Conspiracy
theories about this event abound. A memorial to this tragedy can be found in Duma
village in North Halmahera district.

Today, much transportation to the rest of Indonesia is through connections on the

provincial capital, Ternate island although Tobelo, the largest town on Halmahera,
also has direct ferry and cargo sea links to Surabaya and Manado.[citation needed]

Particularly since the inauguration of the first ever directly elected Bupati
(Regent or District Head), Tobelo is undergoing rapid development and is aiming at
rivaling Ternate's historical dominance.[citation needed] As it is surrounded by
flat land, Tobelo has the potential for expansion.[citation needed] Ternate is
limited by its size, being a small island which can be driven around in forty-five
minutes. Also, in 2010 the provincial government has moved the provincial capital
from Ternate City to Sofifi, a small village on the Halmahera coast opposite Tidore
island.

North Maluku Province consists of seven regencies and two municipalities, 6 of

which include a part of Halmahera island. The regencies are: North Halmahera, West
Halmahera, East Halmahera, Central Halmahera, South Hamahera, Ternate Municipality,
Tidore City and Islands, Morotai and Sula Islands. Only Ternate Municipality,
Morotai and Sula Islands do not include any part of Halmahera.

Geology
Halmahera Topography.png
The volcanic island lies on an island arc that includes the Raja Ampat Islands, all
uplifted by the northward migration of the continent of Australia and subduction of
the Pacific Plate. Dukono is an active volcano at the north end of the island.
Mount Ibu is an active volcano on the island's northwest coast.

Natural history

Semioptera wallacei by Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1847-1909)

The flightless invisible rail is endemic to the island.[3]

The naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace visited Halmahera, as described in his 1869
book The Malay Archipelago. He considered the standardwing bird of paradise,
Semioptera wallacei, to be his greatest prize.[4] It was here, in February between
the bouts of fever, that a suffering Wallace came to the idea of the natural
selection via the survival of the fittest. Wallace wrote his ideas during the next
couple of days, and sent the historical letter to Darwin.

Mining

A rig crew looking for minerals

Halmahera is the site of several mining projects.

PT Weda Bay Nickel operates a nickel and cobalt mining project in North and Central
Halmahera Regencies. Backed by the Eramet corporation, the project is currently in
the planning and exploration stages.[5]

A Weda Bay nickel camp site at Tanjung Ulie cape on Halmahera island
See also
Desa Gamtala
References
 "Indonesia: Administrative Division (Provinces, Regencies and Cities) - Population
Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
http://www.halmaheraselatankab.go.id/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=152:penduduk-halsel&catid=62:penduduk&Itemid=41
BirdLife International (2012). "Habroptila wallacii". IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved
1 April 2015.
"Halmahera and Wallace's Greatest Prize: The Standardwing Bird of Paradise".
Wallace Fund. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
"MIGA Environmental and Social Review Summary: Weda Bay Nickel Mine Project �
Exploration and Feasibility Phase" (PDF). miga.org. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
External links
Media related to Halmahera at Wikimedia Commons

Folk Orientation in Halmahera[permanent dead link]

vte
Islands of Maluku
North Maluku province
Bacan Halmahera Kayoa Moti Makian Morotai Obi Sula Ternate Tidore
Maluku province
Ambelau Ambon Aru Boano Buru Babar Banda Damar Haruku Kai Kelang Leti Liran Manipa
Manuk Nila Nusa Laut Romang Saparua Seram Serua Tanimbar Tayandu Watubela Wetar
vte
Regencies and cities of North Maluku
Capital: Sofifi
Regencies
Halmahera Barat Halmahera Selatan Halmahera Tengah Halmahera Timur Halmahera Utara
Morotai Island Sula Islands Taliabu Island
Seal of North Maluku
Cities
Ternate Tidore
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata
NARA: 10036962 NDL: 00628956 VIAF: 24144647637442203518 WorldCat Identities (via
VIAF): 24144647637442203518
Categories: HalmaheraIslands of the Maluku IslandsLandforms of North
MalukuEcoregions of IndonesiaIslands of Indonesia
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