I.

Outside Design Conditions

The outdoor design data is usually resolved according to the statistical analysis
of the weather data. Determining the outside dry bulb temperature is important for the
cooling load calculations. With this, the researchers found out that the highest recorded
temperature is said to be 92.7°F, on the month of April and considered as the hottest
month of the year.

Figure 1: Climate table and historical weather data in Tanza, Cavite (https://en.climate-
data.org/location/20996/)

II. Inside Design Conditions

According to Handbook of Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating by Eugene

Stamper and Richard L. Koral, since majority of people are comfortable at dry bulb
temperature 75°F-76°F and around 45%-50% relative humidity, the thermostat is set to
these temperatures and these conditions are maintained under partial loads.

III. Cooling Load Calculations

Cooling load calculation is done to select HVAC equipment that has the suitable
cooling capacity to remove heat from the zone. A precise evaluation of the heating and
cooling loads requires a complete understanding and accounting of the building
mechanism that craft up the thermal enclosure along with the outdoor and indoor aid to
the load. As per the cooling load calculation of Aubrey’s Living Room, the designers well
thought-out all the possible providers of the heat on the room including wall gain load for
the heat entering segments of the walls and roofs, infiltration load for the heat from
unexpectedly entry of air from outside, ventilation load for the heat from the supply air,
and other miscellaneous load imminent from the people entering the room, lightings and
appliances.

A.) External Loads

External loads come from heat transfer through the building blocks from the sun
and the outside environment including the weather conditions. The building
blocks include walls, roofs, floors, windows, ceilings and any other plane that separate
inside from the outside.

Concrete Wall Gain

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )
1 𝐵𝑇𝑈
Where: U = total conductance = 𝑅 , ℎ𝑟∙𝑓𝑡 2 ∙℉
𝑡

A = area of the concrete wall, ft2

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = Cooling Load Temperature Difference, °F

= (CLTD + LM)k + (78-Ti) + (To-85)f

Where: LM = Latitude Month

k = color adjustment factor = 1 if dark or light colored in an industrial area

Ti = design indoor temperature = 77°F

To = outdoor temperature = 92.7°F

Wall Structure

Figure 2: Wall Structure of Aubrey’s Sala

Wall Resistance Table

From ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, see Table 1 in appendix section

Material R
Outside Air Film 0.333
1” cement plaster 0.13
4” lightweight concrete 0.33
1” cement plaster 0.13
Inside air film 0.685
Total Resistance 1.608

Total Conductance

To calculate total conductance, simply reciprocate the total resistance of the wall.

1 1
𝑈= =
𝑅𝑇 1.608

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑈 = 0.6219
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

AREAS

North Wall

North Wall = (L*H) – 2(Hw*Ww)

= (23ft*9.2ft) – 2(4ft*2ft)

= 195.6ft2

East Wall
 East Wall = (L*H) –
2(Hw*Ww)

= (16.5ft*9.2ft)
– 2(1.5ft*2ft)

= 145.8ft2

West Wall

West Wall = (L*H) – 2(Hw*Ww) – (Wd*Hd)

= (16.5ft*9.2ft) – 2(4ft*2ft) – (3ft*8ft)

= 111.8ft2

South Wall

South Wall = (L*H) – 3(Wd*Hd)

= (23ft*9.2ft) – 3(3ft*6.5ft)

= 153.1ft2

Tabulation of Total Concrete Wall Areas

 Orientation Area (ft2)
North Wall 195.6
East Wall 145.8
West Wall 111.8
South Wall 153.1

COOLING LOAD TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE

The CLTD, also called as cooling load factor/solar cooling load factor is regarded as a
reasonably accurate approximation of the total heat gains through a building envelope
for the purposes of sizing HVAC equipment.

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = Cooling Load Temperature Difference, °F

= (CLTD + LM)k + (78-Ti) + (To-85)f

Where: LM = Latitude Month

k = color adjustment factor = 1 if dark or light colored in an

industrial area

Ti = design indoor temperature = 77°F

To = outdoor temperature = 92.7°F

From Table 9: LM @ 16°Latitude

Month Orientation LM
North -1
East -1
April
West -1
South -6

From Table 7: Group E CLTD

@1500 @1600 @1700

North 15 17 19
East 36 34 33
West 20 27 36
 South 29 32 34

Calculating the Cooling Load Temperature Difference Corrected

@1500

North

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(15-1)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 22.7°F

East

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(36-1)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 43.7°F

West

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(20-1)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 27.7°F

South

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(29-6)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 31.7°F

@1600

North

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(17-1)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 24.7°F
East

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(34-1)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 41.7°F

West

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(27-1)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 34.7°F

South

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(32-6)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 34.7°F

@1700

North

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(19-1)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 26.7°F

East

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(33-1)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 40.7°F

West

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(36-1)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

 = 43.7°F

South

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= [(34-6)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 36.7°F

Tabulation of Cooling Load Temperature Difference Corrected at the time of 1500,

1600, 1700.

Time Orientation CLTDc

North 22.7
East 43.7
1500
West 27.7
South 31.7
North 24.7
East 41.7
1600
West 34.7
South 34.7
North 26.7
East 40.7
1700
West 43.7
South 36.7

WALL HEAT GAIN LOAD

After completing the variables needed for the computation of the wall heat gain
load, you will use the formula:

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

@1500

North

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )
 𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(195.6𝑓𝑡 2 )(22.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 2761.3106
ℎ𝑟
East

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(145.8𝑓𝑡 2 )(43.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 3962.4110
ℎ𝑟
West

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(111.8𝑓𝑡 2 )(27.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 ∙ ℉
2

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 1925.9372
ℎ𝑟
South

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(153.1𝑓𝑡 2 )(31.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 3018.2486
ℎ𝑟
@1600

North

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(195.6𝑓𝑡 2 )(24.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 3004.5979
ℎ𝑟
East

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(145.8𝑓𝑡 2 )(41.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 3781.0649
ℎ𝑟
West

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(111.8𝑓𝑡 2 )(34.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 2412.6362
ℎ𝑟
South

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(153.1𝑓𝑡 2 )(34.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 ∙ ℉
2

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 3303.8873
ℎ𝑟

@1700

North

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(195.6𝑓𝑡 2 )(26.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 3247.8852
ℎ𝑟
East

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )
 𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(145.8𝑓𝑡 2 )(40.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 3690.3919
ℎ𝑟
West

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(111.8𝑓𝑡 2 )(43.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 3038.3920
ℎ𝑟
South

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴(𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 )

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.6219 )(153.1𝑓𝑡 2 )(36.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 ∙ ℉
2

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 3494.3131
ℎ𝑟

Tabulation of Wall Heat Gain Load

Wall Heat Gain Load

Time Orientation 𝐵𝑇𝑈
( )
ℎ𝑟
North 2761.3106
East 3962.4110
1500
West 1925.9372
South 3018.2486
North 3004.5979
East 3781.0649
1600
West 2412.6362
South 3303.8873
1700 North 3247.8852
 East 3690.3919
West 3038.3920
South 3494.3131

Total Wall Heat Gain Load = North + East + West + South

Wall Heat Gain Load @1500

= 2761.3106 + 3962.4110 + 1925.9372 + 3018.2486

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 11667.9074 ( ℎ𝑟
)

Wall Heat Gain Load @1600

= 3004.5979 + 3781.0649 + 2412.6362 + 3303.8873

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 12502.1863 ( ℎ𝑟
)

Wall Heat Gain Load @1700

= 3247.8852 + 3690.3919 + 3038.3920 + 3494.3131

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 13470.9822 ( ℎ𝑟
)

ROOF GAIN LOAD

To compute for the roof gain load, you will use the formula:

𝑄𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 𝑈𝐴𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑
1 𝐵𝑇𝑈
Where: U = total conductance = 𝑅 , ℎ𝑟∙𝑓𝑡 2 ∙℉
𝑡

A = area of the concrete wall, ft2

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (CLTD + LM)k + (78-Ti) + (To-85)f , °F

Wall Resistance Table

From ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, Table 3A

ℎ𝑟∙𝑓𝑡2 ∙℉
Resistance ( 𝐵𝑇𝑈
)
 Outside Air Film 0.33

Air Space 0.91

Plywood 0.31

Inside Air Film 0.69

Rtotal 2.24

Total Conductance of Roof

1 1
𝑈𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = =
𝑅𝑡 2.24

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑈𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 0.4464
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

Area of Roof

Aroof = L*W = 23ft * 16.5ft

Aroof = 379.5ft2

Cooling Load Temperature Difference

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = Cooling Load Temperature Difference, °F

= (CLTD + LM)k + (78-Ti) + (To-85)f

 CLTD
@1500 @1600 @1700
2.5in Wood 30 34 38
(From ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, Table 5)

Where: LM = Latitude Month

= 16°Latitude in the month of April, the horizontal value is 0

k = color adjustment factor = 1 if dark or light colored in an

industrial area

Ti = design indoor temperature = 77°F

To = outdoor temperature = 92.7°F

f = 1.0 if no attic or ducts

@1500

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= {[(30+0)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)}1

= 38.7°F

@1600

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= {[(34+0)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)}1

= 42.7°F

@1700

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

= {[(38+0)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)}1

= 46.7°F

Total Roof Heat Gain Load

𝑄𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 𝑈𝐴𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑

@1500

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄1500 = (0.4464 )(379. 5𝑓𝑡 2 )(38.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 ∙ ℉
2

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 6556.1206
ℎ𝑟
@1600

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄1600 = (0.4464 )(379. 5𝑓𝑡 2 )(42.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 7233.7558
ℎ𝑟
@1700

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄1700 = (0.4464 )(379.5𝑓𝑡 2 )(46.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 7911.3910
ℎ𝑟

WINDOW: GLASS CONDUCTION

To compute for the glass conduction, you will use the formula:

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑

Where:

Q = conducted heat gain through glass

A = window (glass) surface area, ft2

U = U-value of glass which is single glass clear with indoor shade summer that
has metal frame (see Table 13 Part A)

CLTDcorrected for glass conduction = CLTD + (78-Ti) + (To-85)

Where:

CLTD = Cooling Load Temperature Difference (see Table 10)

 Ti = design indoor temperature = 77°F

Ti = outdoor temperature = 92.7°F

Total Conductance, U

U = R * Adjustment factor

Where:

R = resistance of Single glass clear indoor shade (see Table 13 Part A)

= 0.81

Adjustment factor = Metal Frame, Single Glass (see Table 13 Part C)

= 1.10

U = 0.81 * 1.10
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 0.891 ℎ𝑟∙𝑓𝑡 2 ∙℉

Window Area

North Window

Areawindow = 2Ww * Hw = (2*2ft) * 4ft

= 16ft2

East Window
Areawindow = 2Ww * Hw = (2*2ft) * 1.5ft

= 6ft2

West Window

Areawindow = 2Ww * Hw = (2*2ft) * 4ft

= 16ft2

Cooling Load Temperature Difference for Glass

From ASHRAE 1985, Table 10, Cooling Load Temperature Difference for
conduction through glass at the solar time of 1500, 1600 and 1700 are 14°F, 14°F and
13°F respectively.

Latitude Month (LM) in 16°Latitude in the month of April, the horizontal value is 0

CLTDcorrected for glass conduction = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀) + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

@1500

CLTDcorrected = [(14+0)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 22.7°F

@1600

CLTDcorrected = [(14+0)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 22.7°F
@1700

CLTDcorrected = [(13+0)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 21.7°F

Glass (Window) Conduction

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑

@1500

North Window
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (0.891 )(16𝑓𝑡 2 )(22.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 323.6112 ℎ𝑟

East Window
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (0.891 )(6𝑓𝑡 2 )(22.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 ∙ ℉
2

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 121.3542 ℎ𝑟

West Window
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (0.891 )(16𝑓𝑡 2 )(22.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 323.6112 ℎ𝑟

@1600

North Window
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (0.891 )(16𝑓𝑡 2 )(22.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 323.6112 ℎ𝑟

East Window
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (0.891 )(6𝑓𝑡 2 )(22.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 121.3542 ℎ𝑟
West Window
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (0.891 )(16𝑓𝑡 2 )(22.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 323.6112 ℎ𝑟

@1700

North Window
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (0.891 )(16𝑓𝑡 2 )(21.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 309.3552 ℎ𝑟

East Window
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (0.891 )(6𝑓𝑡 2 )(21.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 ∙ ℉
2

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 116.0082 ℎ𝑟

West Window
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (0.891 )(16𝑓𝑡 2 )(21.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 309.3552 ℎ𝑟

Tabulation of Glass Conductance

Glass Conductance
Time Orientation
(BTU/hr)
North 323.6112
East 121.3542
1500
West 323.6112
South No window
North 323.6112
East 121.3542
1600
West 323.6112
South No window
North 309.3552
East 116.0082
1700
West 309.3552
South No window
Total Window Glass Conductance

Qtotal window glass conductance = Northconductance + Eastconductance + Westconductance + Southconductance

@1500

Qtotal window glass conductance = 323.6112 + 121.3542 + 323.6112 + 0

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 768.5766 ℎ𝑟

@1600

Qtotal window glass conductance = 323.6112 + 121.3542 + 323.6112 + 0

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 768.5766 ℎ𝑟

@1700

Qtotal window glass conductance = 309.3552 + 116.0082 + 309.3552 + 0

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 734.7186 ℎ𝑟

GLASS RADIATION

Glass radiation is included in cooling load calculation for it is also considered as

a heat load by entering the area to be air conditioned all the way through the windows.
Figure credits: http://energy-models.com/heat-gains-and-losses-windows-and-skylights-glass

Qsolar = A * SC * SHGF * CLF

Where:

A = glass area

SC = glass shading coefficient (see Table 35)

SHGF = solar heat gain factor (see Table 11)

CLF = cooling load factor (see Table 14)

Area of Windows (have been solved above)

Orientation Area (ft2)

North 16
East 6
West 16
South No glass
Shading Coefficient

Shading coefficient for single glass with indoor shading by roller shade

Type Thickness (in) Roller shade (Opaque)

1 1 White
Clear to 2
4 0.25

Solar Heat Gain Factor

Using 16° Latitude and the month of April (Table 11)

Month North East West South

April 39 227 227 No glass

Cooling Load Factor

Time North East West

1500 0.82 0.32 0.50
1600 0.75 0.27 0.35
 1700 0.78 0.22 0.27

Glass Radiation

Qsolar = A * SC * SHGF * CLF

@1500

North
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsolar = 16 * 0.25 * 39 * 0.82 = 127.9200 ℎ𝑟

East
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsolar = 6 * 0.25 * 227 * 0.32 = 108.9600 ℎ𝑟

West
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsolar = 16 * 0.25 * 227 * 0.50 = 454.0000 ℎ𝑟

@1600

North
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsolar = 16 * 0.25 * 39 * 0.75 = 117.0000 ℎ𝑟

East
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsolar = 6 * 0.25 * 227 * 0.27 = 91.9350 ℎ𝑟

West
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsolar = 16 * 0.25 * 227 * 0.35 = 317.8000 ℎ𝑟

@1700

North
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsolar = 16 * 0.25 * 39 * 0.78 = 121.6800 ℎ𝑟

East
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsolar = 6 * 0.25 * 227 * 0.22 = 74.9100 ℎ𝑟
West
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsolar = 16 * 0.25 * 227 * 0.27 = 245.1600 ℎ𝑟

Tabulation for Window Glass Radiation

Window Glass Radiation

Time Orientation
(BTU/hr)
North 127.9200
1500 East 108.9600
West 454.0000
North 117.0000
1600 East 91.93500
West 317.800
North 121.6800
1700 East 74.9100
West 245.1600

Total Window Glass Radiation

It is the summation of north, east and west glass radiation at a certain time.

@1500
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qtotal window radiation = 127.92 + 108.96 + 454 = 690.8800 ℎ𝑟

@1600
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qtotal window radiation = 117 + 91.935 + 317.8 = 526.7350 ℎ𝑟

@1700
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qtotal window radiation = 121.68 + 74.91 + 245.16 = 441.7500 ℎ𝑟

DOOR CONDUCTANCE

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑
Where:

Q = conducted heat gain through door

A = door surface area, ft2

U = U-value of door

CLTDcorrected for door conduction = CLTD + (78-Ti) + (To-85)

Where:

CLTD = Cooling Load Temperature Difference (see Table 10)

Ti = design indoor temperature = 77°F

Ti = outdoor temperature = 92.7°F

Cooling Load Temperature Difference

CLTDcorrected for door conduction = (𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀) + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)

@1500

CLTDcorrected = [(14+0)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 22.7°F

@1600

CLTDcorrected = [(14+0)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 22.7°F

@1700

CLTDcorrected = [(13+0)] + (78-77) + (92.7-85)

= 21.7°F

Door Conductance, U

1
𝑈=
𝑅
West Door

R = resistance of maple (see Table 3A) = 0.94

 1 1 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑈𝑚𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑒 = = = 1.0638
𝑅 0.94 ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

South Door

R = resistance of oak (see Table 3A) = 0.89

1 1 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑈𝑜𝑎𝑘 = = = 1.1236
𝑅 0.89 ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉

Area of Door

West Door

Areadoor = Wd * Hd = 3ft * 8ft

= 24ft2

South Door

Areadoor = Wd * Hd = 3ft * 6.5ft

= 19.5ft2 * 3 = 58.5ft2
Door Conduction

𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑

@1500

West Door
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (1.0638 )(24𝑓𝑡 2 )(22.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 579.5582 ℎ𝑟

South Door
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (1.1236 )(58.5𝑓𝑡 2 )(22.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 ∙ ℉
2

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 1492.0846 ℎ𝑟

@1600

West Door
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (1.0638 )(24𝑓𝑡 2 )(22.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 ∙ ℉
2

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 579.5582 ℎ𝑟

South Door
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (1.1236 )(58.5𝑓𝑡 2 )(22.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 1492.0846 ℎ𝑟

@1700

West Door
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (1.0638 )(24𝑓𝑡 2 )(21.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 554.0270 ℎ𝑟
South Door
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = (1.1236 )(58.5𝑓𝑡 2 )(21.7℉)
ℎ𝑟 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 2 ∙ ℉
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 1426.3540 ℎ𝑟

Tabulation of Door Conductance

Door Conductance
Time Orientation
(BTU/hr)
North No door
East No door
1500
West 579.5582
South 1492.0846
North No door
East No door
1600
West 579.5582
South 1492.0846
North No door
East No door
1700
West 554.0270
South 1426.3540

Total Door Conductance

Qtotal door conductance = Westdoor conductance + Southdoor conductance

@1500
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qtotal door conductance = 579.5582 + 1492.0846 = 2071.6428 ℎ𝑟

@1600
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qtotal door conductance = 579.5582 + 1492.0846 = 2071.6428 ℎ𝑟

@1700
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qtotal door conductance = 554.0270+ 1426.3540 = 1980.381 ℎ𝑟

TOTAL EXTERNAL LOAD

 Total external load is the summation of concrete wall gain load, roof gain load,
total glass conductance and glass radiation.

Qtotal external load = Qwall heat gain load + Qtotal roof heat gain load + Qtotal window glass conductance + Qtotal
window glass radiation + Qtotal door conductance

@1500

Qtotal external load = 11667.9074 + 6556.1206 + 768.5766 + 690.8800 + 2071.6428

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 21755.1274
ℎ𝑟

@1600

Qtotal external load = 12502.1863 + 7233.7558 + 768.5766 + 526.7350 + 2071.6428

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 23102.8965
ℎ𝑟

@1700

Qtotal external load = 13470.9822 + 7911.3910 + 734.7186 + 441.7500 + 1980.3810

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 24539.2228
ℎ𝑟

B.) INTERNAL LOADS

Internal loads come from heat spawned by people, lighting, equipment and other
miscellaneous load, more specifically from heat transfer from within the building during
its function.

LIGHTING

Lighting loads are the energy exploit to power electric lights, it must be
considered by the designers of heating and cooling systems for rooms if sufficient and
cost-effective systems are to be achieved.

Ql = Input * CLF

Where:

Ql = cooling load from lighting

 CLF = cooling load factor from lighting

= 1.2 for fluorescent light

= 1.0 for incandescent light

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑊 3.412
Ql = (1ft2 * 4) (3𝑓𝑡 2) (1.0) ( 1𝑊ℎ𝑟 )

𝐵𝑇𝑈
Ql = 40.944 ℎ𝑟

PEOPLE

Human sensible and latent heat can be used to determine heat loads that necessitate to
be handled by air conditioning systems.

Qsp = Qty * SHGp * CLFp

Qlp = Qty * LHGp

Qp = Qsp + Qlp

Where:

Qsp = sensible cooling load due to people

Qlp = latent cooling load due to people

Qty = number of people

SHGp = sensible heat gain per person

LHGp = latent heat gain per person

CLFp = cooling load factor per person

Qp = cooling load due to people

Se
Lat
nsi
Hr Hrs after entry ent Cooling Load Factor
ble
s He
He
in at
Nature of Qty at
S Gai
Activity Gai
p n
n
ac 1500 1600 1700 per 1500 1600 1700
per
e per
per
son
son
Standing,
Lightwork, 5 6 8 9 10 250 200 0.20 0.17 0.15
Working

Sensible Heat Gain

Qsp = Qty * SHGp * CLFp

@1500
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsp = (5)(250 ℎ𝑟
)(0.20)

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 250 ℎ𝑟

@1600
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsp = (5)(250 ℎ𝑟
)(0.17)

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 212.5 ℎ𝑟

@1700
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Qsp = (5)(250 ℎ𝑟
)(0.15)

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 187.5 ℎ𝑟

The highest cooling load from people in this design is recorded from 1500h so
𝐵𝑇𝑈
the sensible heat gain is 250 .
ℎ𝑟

Latent Heat Gain

Qlp = Qty * LHGp

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (5) (200 )
ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 1000 ℎ𝑟

Cooling Load due to people

Qp = Qsp + Qlp

= 250 + 1000
 𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 1250 ℎ𝑟

APPLIANCES

source: mnre.gov.in/solar-
energy/ch4.pdf

Radio

𝐵𝑇𝑈
1 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 15𝑊 𝑥 ℎ𝑟 = 51.1823
0.29307𝑊 ℎ𝑟
Television

𝐵𝑇𝑈
1 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 250𝑊 𝑥 ℎ𝑟 = 853.0385
0.29307𝑊 ℎ𝑟
Electric fan

𝐵𝑇𝑈
1 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 10𝑊 𝑥 ℎ𝑟 = 34.1215 𝑥 2 = 68.243
0.29307𝑊 ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟
source: www.engineeringtoolbox.com

Laptop

𝐵𝑇𝑈
1 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 40𝑊 𝑥 ℎ𝑟 = 136.4862
0.29307𝑊 ℎ𝑟
source: smallbusiness.chron.com/average-heat-output-computer-69494.html

C.) COMPUTING THE TOTAL HP

Total Horsepower (hp) is a total measurement of power (the rate at which work is done).

Subtotal Room Sensible

= highest total external load (@1700) * F

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙,𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑤
where: F = factor = 1 − [0.02( )]
𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟

Sum of exterior wall = 195.6 + 145.8 + 111.8 + 153.1 + [2(4*2)] + [2(1.5*2)] + [2(2*4)] +
(3*8) + [3(3*6.5)] = 726.8 ft2

Extreme Perimeter = (2 * 23) + (2 * 16.5) = 79 ft2

726.8 𝑓𝑡 2
F = 1 − [0.02( )]
79 𝑓𝑡 2

= 0.816
𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝐵𝑇𝑈
Subtotal Room Sensible = 24539.2228 ∗ 0.816 = 20024.0058
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

Supply Duct (allowing 10% Leak)

= subtotal room sensible * 0.10

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 20024.0058 ∗ 0.10
ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 2002.40058 ℎ𝑟

Net Room Subtotal

 = subtotal room sensible + supply duct
𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 20024.0058 + 2002.40058
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 22026.4064 ℎ𝑟

Ventilation Air
 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 200 𝑐𝑓𝑚
= (16.5𝑓𝑡 ∗ 23𝑓𝑡)( 2 )( 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛
)
1000𝑓𝑡

= 75.9 cfm

Due to ventilation

Sensible Heat

QS = (ventilation air)(f)(to – ti)

f= 1.0 if no attic or ducts

QS = (75.9)(1.0)(92.7 – 75)
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 1343.43 ℎ𝑟

Latent Heat

QL = (4840) (ventilation air) (ΔSH)

= (4840) (75.9) (0.0208-0.012)

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 3232.7328
ℎ𝑟

Percent Duct Leakage

= 5%( QL)
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= (0.05)(3232.7328 )
ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 161.6366 ℎ𝑟

Cooling Load Summary

Ventilation Load 1343.43

Room Subtotal 22026.4064
Added Heat to return air 0
Return Duct Gain 161.6366
𝐵𝑇𝑈
TOTAL 23531.473 ℎ𝑟
 23531.473
Tons of Refrigeration = = 1.9610 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠
12000

Conversion to Hp

1 TOR = 1.255HP (based on the conversion of the selected aircon manufacturer)

1.255𝐻𝑃
1.9610 𝑇𝑂𝑅 𝑥
1𝑇𝑂𝑅

= 2.46HP ≈ 2.5HP

DESIGN:
SELECTION OF AIR
CONDITIONER

SPECIFICATIONS
OF SELECTED AIR CONDITIONER
REFERENCES
(https://en.climate-data.org/location/20996/)

ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook 1985

Handbook of Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating by Eugene Stamper and Richard
L. Koral

https://kupdf.com/download/hvac-cooling-load-procedure-guideline-
lo0_58b2b5626454a7ca1eb1ea00_pdf

http://www.tagengineering.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/1997-Fundamentals_28.pdf

mnre.gov.in/s
olar-
energy/ch4.p
df

www.enginee
ringtoolbox.c
om

smallbusines
s.chron.com/
average-
heat-output-
computer-
69494.html

APPENDIC
ES
Q