Experiment No.

: Date:

FREUNDLICH’S ISOTHERM (ORDINARY TEMP.)

Objectives: After completing this experiment students will be able to

 verify the Freundlich's Isotherm equation for adsorption of dilute
solution of acetic acid over activated charcoal.

Apparatus: Conical flask 250 ml (6 Nos.), Beaker 500 ml (2 Nos.), Measuring Cylinder

Chemicals: Water, Acetic Acid, Indicator, NaOH

Theory:
The adsorption operation exploits the ability of certain solids preferentially to
concentrate specific substance from solution onto their surfaces. In this manner the
component of either gaseous or liquid solution can be separated from each other.

There are two types of adsorption phenomena

(a) Physical adsorption: a readily reversible phenomenon is the result of
intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules of the solid and
substance adsorbed.
(b) Chemical Adsorption: which is the result of chemical interaction between
solid and adsorbed substance.

Over a small concentration range and particularly for dilute solutions, the adsorption
isotherms can frequently be described by an empirical expression Freundlich’s i.e.

C* = k[v(Co – C*)]n

Where v(Co – C*) is apparent adsorption per unit mass of adsorbent and k and n are
constants. On the log-log graph paper by plotting C* v/s v(C o – C*) we can obtain k as
intercept and n as slope.

Procedure:
 1. Prepare 1 N Acetic Acid solution by dissolving 15.00 gm Acetic Acid in 250 ml water
in 500 ml beaker.
2. Weigh 1 GM of Activated Charcoal five times separately in five conical flasks. Add 1
N Acetic Acid to these five flasks as 10ml, 20ml, 30ml, 40ml, 50ml. Add water to
each of these flasks to make the total volume 100 ml (i.e.90ml, 80ml, 70ml, 60ml,
50ml, respectively).
3. Shake the flasks gently and keep them for 30 min. with intermittent shaking. Filter the
contents of flasks by using filtration assembly.
4. Measure the volume of filtrate obtained after filtration from each flask and notes it
down in the observation table.
5. Calculate the amount of Acetic Acid adsorbed on Activated Charcoal using amount of
Acetic Acid taken initially and amount of Acetic Acid remaining in the filtrate.
6. Wash all the washable apparatus properly dry them and put back at proper place.
Observations:
1. Solution Temperature __________ C
2. Weight of Activated Charcoal taken in each flasks = 1 gm.
3. Burette - 0.1 N NaOH solution.
4. Pipette - Acetic Acid Solution.
5. Phenolphthalein as indicator.
6. Color change  color less to Pink.

Observation Table:
Obs. Volume of Volume of Total Vol. Initial Volume of Burette
No. Acid Soln. Water added to of Solution. concentration Filtrated Reading
in Flask (ml) Acid Soln (ml) (V1) (ml) of Solution. Collected
(Co)(gm/ltr.) (V2) (ml)
1
2

5
 Calculation:

For Co :
1. 1000 ml contains 60 gms acetic acid (For 1 N solution)
Hence ________ ml contains ______ gms.

2. In 100 ml, Acetic acid = ______ gms

In 1000 ml ,amount of acetic acid =_______
Co =________
For C :
1. N1V1=N2V2

N2 = _______ N.

2. gms/Litre (C) = ___________.

Result Table:

Sr. Normality of Conc. Of Ln C* X/M Ln X/M

No. Filtrate (N) Filtrate(C*) = V(Co- C*)
gm/litre

Graphs: Plot the graph of

1. ln C* v/s ln (X/M)
2. C* v/s (X/M)

Result: At the ordinary temperature the Freundlich’s Isotherm for the given system of
Acetic Acid –Activated Charcoal. From the graph
Intercept =
Slope =
Signature with date
Experiment No.: Date:

FREUNDLICH’S ISOTHERM (ELEVATED TEMP.)

Objectives: After completing this experiment students will be able to

 verify the Freundlich's Isotherm equation for adsorption of dilute
solution of acetic acid over activated charcoal.
 observe the effect of temperature on adsorption rate

Apparatus: Conical flask 250 ml (6 Nos.), Beaker 500 ml (2 Nos.), Measuring Cylinder,
Water bath.

Chemicals: Water, Acetic Acid, Indicator, NaOH

Theory:
The adsorption operation exploits the ability of certain solids preferentially to
concentrate specific substance from solution onto their surfaces. In this manner the
component of either gaseous or liquid solution can be separated from each other.

There are two types of adsorption phenomena

(a) Physical adsorption: a readily reversible phenomenon is the result of
intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules of the solid and substance
adsorbed.
(b) Chemical Adsorption: this is the result of chemical interaction between solid and
adsorbed substance.

Over a small concentration range and particularly for dilute solutions, the adsorption
isotherms can frequently be described by an empirical expression Freundlich’s i.e.

C* = k[v(Co – C*)]n

Where v(Co – C*) is apparent adsorption per unit mass of adsorbent and k and n are
constants. On the log-log graph paper by plotting C* v/s v(C o – C*) we can obtain k as
intercept and n as slope.
Procedure:
1. Prepare 1 N Acetic Acid solution by dissolving 15.00 gm Acetic Acid in 250 ml
water in 500 ml beaker.
2. Weigh 1 GM of Activated Charcoal five times separately in five conical flasks.
Add 1 N Acetic Acid to these five flasks as 10ml, 20ml, 30ml, 40ml, 50ml. Add
water to each of these flasks to make the total volume 100 ml (i.e.90ml, 80ml,
70ml, 60ml, 50ml, respectively).
3. Shake the flasks gently and keep them for 30 min. in a water bath at temperature
of 50 0C provide intermittent shaking.
4. Filter the contents of flasks by using filtration assembly.
5. Measure and note down the volume of filtrate obtained after filtration from each
flask.
6. Calculate the amount of Acetic Acid adsorbed on Activated Charcoal using
amount of Acetic Acid taken initially and amount of Acetic Acid remaining in the
filtrate.
7. Wash all the washable apparatus properly dry them and put back at proper place.
8. Repeat the same procedure with two different temperature of 60 0C and 70 0C.

Observations:
1. Weight of Activated Charcoal taken in each flasks = 1 gm.
2. Burette - 0.1 N NaOH solution.
3. Pipette - Acetic Acid Solution.
4. Phenolphthalein as indicator.
5. Color change  color less to Pink.
 Observation Table:
Obs. Temperature Volume of Volume of Total Vol. Initial conc. Volume of Burette
No. (0C) Acid Soln. Water added of of Solution. Filtrated Reading
in Flask to Acid Soln Solution. (Co)(gm/ltr.) Collected
(ml) (ml) (V1) (ml) (V2) (ml)

Calculation:

For Co:
1. 1000 ml contains 60 gms acetic acid (For 1 N solution)
a. Hence ________ ml contains ______ gms.

2. In 100 ml, Acetic acid = ______ gms

a. In 1000 ml ,amount of acetic acid =_______
i. Co =________

For C:
1. N1V1=N2V2
N2 = _______ N.

2. gms/Litre (C ) = ___________.
Result Table:

Sr. Temp. Normality Conc. Of Filtrate Ln C* X/M Ln X/M

No. (0C) of Filtrate (C*) gm/Litre = V(Co- C*)
(N)

Graphs: Plot the graph of

1. Ln C* v/s Ln (X/M)
2. C* v/s (X/M)

Result: At the ordinary temperature the Freundlich’s Isotherm for the given system of
Acetic Acid –Activated Charcoal.From the graph

Intercept =
Slope =

Signature with date