Injury- is a damage to the body; it can be a result of an accident or an intentional act 4.

4. Illegal Fraternity-Related Violence- hazing, which is considered illegal in our country, causing a lot of
injuries and may lead to death
Intentional Injuries:
Fraternity- is a group with common purpose or interest; are mostly based in colleges and universities
 Those resulting from purposeful acts directed to others or self
 These are preventable and controllable 5. Sexual Abuse- is an unwanted non-consensual sexual activity where the abuser intentionally uses
 Ex.: sexual harassment, fighting, assault, rape, bullying, and domestic violence force, threats, and takes advantage of the victim

Unintentional Injuries: Immediate Responses to Sexual Abuse:

 Those that occur without the intention to harm Shock

 These cannot be prevented or not controllable Fear or disbelief
 Ex.: household fires, drowning, vehicular accidents, and poisoning Anxiety
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Types of Intentional Injuries
Some Examples of Sexual Abuse:
1. Domestic Violence- is a pattern of abusive and intimidating behavior used by one person to control
the other; the abusive person may be a partner, parent, caregiver, or a relative – called family violence Unwanted kiss or touch
Rape or attempted rape
Family violence- includes physical violence, isolation from relatives or friends, emotional abuse, and Repeated sexual insults
financial abuse Unwanted violent/painful sexual activity
Refusal to use methods for birth control
2. Bullying- is an undesired aggressiveness involving a real or perceived superiority over others
Forms of Sexual Abuse:
Anti-Bullying Law in the Philippines- aims to keep students safe from bullying
a. Molestation- is a sexual abuse of an adult to a person, either child or adult, for sexual pleasure
Different Forms of Bullying:
or profit; include child pornography, child prostitution, sodomy, and fondling
Verbal Bullying- acts such as name-calling, inappropriate sexual comments, taunting, and
threatening b. Rape- is a sexual assault by sexual penetration without consent or when the victim is not
Social Bullying- also called relational bullying; involves hurting someone’s reputation or capable of giving consent; the rapist uses force, threaten or intimidate the victim
relationships; includes excluding someone from a group on purpose, influencing others not to
be friends with someone, spreading rumors about someone, and public embarrassment. c. Incest- is a sexual relation between close relatives
Physical Bullying- hurting a person’s body or possession; includes hitting, kicking, pinching,
spitting, tripping, shoving, taking or breaking other’s possessions, and making mean or rude Some reasons why victims of incest are reluctant to report about abuse:
hand gestures
Cyber Bullying- bullying through electronic technology like cellular phones, computers and Fear that his or her parent will be penalized by the law or the family will break up.
communication tools like social media, text messages, chat, websites, and online forums Victim does not realize the form of abuse thinking it is normal or happens in families
The fear of how other people will react about the abuse like accusation of
3. Gang and Youth Violence- extortion, theft and robbery, and selling drugs causing injuries to their wrongdoing or that no one will believe the victim.
victims, even death
Rape victims- are usually female and offenders are usually male
Gang- is a group of adolescents who band together
Anti-Rape Law of 1997- reclassified rape as a crime against persons from its previous classification as a
crime against chastity

Republic Act No. 8353- states that rape is committed under the following circumstances:

Through force, threat, or intimidation

When the victim is deprived of reason or is unconscious
Through fraudulent machination or grave abuse of authority
When the victim is under 12 years of age or is demented, even if none of the above conditions
are present

6. Suicide- is the act of intentionally killing oneself, mostly because of extreme depression or intense
pain

7. Homicide- is an intentional and unlawful killing of a person by another

8. Kidnapping- is a crime by taking away or forcefully transporting a person, unlawfully, or without

consent

Abduction- is when deceit or force is used in order to take someone from their home or relatives

Abductor- does not demand any profit or monetary gain from the victim

Kidnappers and Abductors- may intentionally hurt or injure their victims just to get what they want

9. Acts of Terror- is a criminal act, which aims a state of fear in the general public, a group, or a particular
person