Disc Contents
© IPA, 2006 - 1st Annual Convention Proceedings, 1972
Contents
PROCEEDINGS INDONESIAN P ETROLEUM ASSOCIATION
F i t Annual Convention, June 1972
Search
CORRELATION OF TERTIARY LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS
IN THE JAVASEA AND ADJACENT AREAS
Abstract In the Java Sea Tertiary sediments
cover a cratonized basement of Pretertiary age.
Tentative standard sections of the Tertiarysequence
employ used stratigraphic nomenclature.
Regional lithologic correlation provides
a consistent picture of alternating carbonate and
clastic series covered by a clay series. This cor-
relation is substantiated by paleontological data.
Although local variations exist, the following uni-
formly valid nomenclatureis suggested:
- Claystone Series or Equivalents
- Main Carbonate Unit A
- Clastic Series A.
- Main Carbonate Unit B
- Clastic Series B.
INTRODUCTION
The Java Sea and adjacent areas (Encl.
no.1) measure roughly 600.000 square kiiome-
tres. This is about the size of both the islands
of Sumatra and Java combined. Within this vast
area, restricted local geologic investigations
have established independent Tertiary strati-
graphic terminology. Onland stratigraphy is
comparatively made available by published
literature. Existing exploration campaigns for
hidrocarbon accumulations in marine areas,
which only commenced in 1967, makes avai-
lable data of the Java Sea itself. Subsequently
this area has developed a system of terms with
strong affinities to conventional onland no.
menclature. Correbition of all known sections
onshore and offshore has not yet been
attempted. Presently, basinstudies of the area
have prepared an estimated geological model
of the Java Sea. Based on this model, correle
tion of existing lithological sequences is being
developed. The purpose of this paper is to make
available to students of this area a presently
valid lithostratigraphic nomenclature, on which
regional theme to base necessary localvariations.
DISCUSSION
1. Present genersl basinal setting. Tertiary cover
11
G.A.S. NAJOAN
in the area is relatively thin to the northwest
and north, becoming generally thicker in the
other directions. The deposits are situated
unconformably upon cratonized rocks of
Pretertiary age.
Extensive outcrops of this basement are
situated where the Tertiary cover becomes
thiP1.Onshore South Sumatra and Southeast
Kalmantan erosion exposes incontinuous,
less extensive outcrops. Onshore Java and in
the Java Sea proper, much more restricted
surface Occurrences are known. The Tertiary
deposits do not form an evenly distributed
blanket of sediments. Distinct local thic-
kening and thinning are conspicuous. Sub-
basins and intervening highs, ridges and f
platforms are present. The known restricted
local thickening of Tertiary cover forming
the subbasins are-named :
- South Palembang/Djambi subbasin with its
probable Lampung ex tension.
- Banuwati subbasin.
- Ardjuna subbasin and Djatibarang subbasin,
both parts of the Northern West Java basinal
area.
- East Java Sea subbasin (North Madura sub-
basin, Pati trough) and their onshore East
Java extensions.
- Northern East Java Sea subbasins(East d d
West Florence subbasins, Asem-Asem sub-
basins), which may be continued onshore
Southeast Kalimantan.
Configuration of subbasins and intervening
elongated highs is distinctly NE-SW in the
east, slightly N-S in the south west turning
NW-SWin the west.
11. Established stratigraphic terminolooy of the
subbasins is either known in a general form
or in detailed, but discontinoous sections.
*) Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi
Negara (Pertamina)
 12
The western subbasins are described by
Jackson (1961) and Pulunggono & Todd
(1 971). Onshore Java and Kalimantan follow
nomenclature based mainly on pre- 1942
fielddata, as published in compilation efforts
ofvan Bemmelen(l949)and Marks(1957).
State Oil Company PERTAMINA, her Pro.
duction Sharing Contractors and LEMIGAS
have developed local nomenclatures sub-
sequently.
1II.Lithology and correlation. In the different
subbasin a standard section may be con-
structed (EncL no. 2). Availability, depen-
dability and nature of basic data differ
considerably from one area to another.
Where hydrocarbons are being, or have been,
produced, more data are available. Onshore,
surface data make possible continous
horizontal correlation. The preparation of
an assumed geological model of the subbasins
points out that many rapid facies changes
at short distances occur. The section thus
should be considered being a composite
section, depicting the most characteristic
features of the sequences, with proper
consideration for involved lateral changes.
T h e boundaries of the Tertiary sequences are
well defined: The upper boundary is form
ed by Quaternary deposits, non consolidated,
undistrubed; consisting mainly of sedimen
tary clastics, layered pyroclastics and recent
lavaflows. The lower boundary of Pretertiary
age is the "basement". In the Djatibarang,
Remhang and Kudjung sections this base-
ment has not been reached by the drill.
Lithology of basement is as diversified as
possible. Igneous, metamorphic, volcanic,
indurated sedimentary, and pyroclastic rocks
are present.
Possible grouping, lineation, or any sense of
order in distribution, down the sequence or
latenally, based on nature and origin of the
rocks have, until now, not been detected
Only the Seribu Platform has shown indi-
cations of consisting of granitic rocks evenly
distributed.
The Tertiary section consists entirely .of
two major associations : sedimentary clastics
and carbonate rocks. Minor occurrences of
volcanics, mainly extrusives, are present
near the borders of the Tertiary sedimentary
section. The clastic series are dominant in
the west, while the carbonate units occur
extensively in the east. The area in be tween
and to the north show a mixing of both
types of rock sequences. Ideally two re&-
nal carbonate units can be d e f i e d , %para-
ting the clastic series into three distinct
zones. This is particularly apparent in the
central Part of the area. Lithological COP
relation based on above general rock units
should therefore be posible.
Age correlation however, should support any
correlation at a regional scale (Encl.no.3).
Determination of age by means of plankto-
nic zonation and the classical Tertiary letter
"stages" in the subbasins were carried out
only recently. Subbasin sections may be
comfortably Correlated acmss or around
regional highs. N o major stratigraphical
breaks occur in the subbasins However, in
the Banuwati subbasin and to the edges of
some eastern subbasins, part of the suc-
cession in missing. I t is concluded that
age determination and correlation indicate
that continuous Tertiary sedimentation has
taken place in the whole areaminterrupted
only at places. Sedimentation commenced
in the east. By Oligo - Miocene times the
area was covered by marine sediments.
Lithological correlation, based on time
subdivision can be carried out with the
clastic series and carbonate sequences as
correlation units.
The lower most clastic series cover the
basement. A first continuous carbonate
sequente can be correlated, thinning to the
west and thickening to the east. A second
clastic series follow. The series are covered
in the central part by a limited but thick
unit of carbonate rocks, The entire sequence
is then capped by continental and marine
clastic rocks. Suggested general nomen- -
clature for the units are, from top to bottom :
- Claystone Series or Equivalents
- Main Carbonate Unit A
- Clastic Series A
- Main Carbonate Unit B
- Clastic Series B
Supporting correlation is also made availabie
by seismic results of semi detailed to detailed
I050 1100 115'
I c I I

E n d . no. 1
14

B A N DJARMASIN
 CORRELATION OF TERTIARY COMPOSITE SECTIONS OF KNOWN

SUBBASINS IN THE JAVA SEA AND SURROUNDING AREAS

SOUTH NORTH
PALE M B A N G BANUWA T I AROJUNA DJATIBARANG REMBANG HUOJUN6 MADURA FLORENCE BANDJARMASIN TANDJUNG

[/
;'f
,....
. ..
....
CLE/CLC
MC A
Chystone Series 8. Equivalents
Main Carbonate Unit " h "
CSA Clastic Scries 'A'
hrca M a i n Carbonate Unit ' 8 "
CS B Clastic Series ' B

I / 0 Lnurati J A V A SEA
0 Florence HT.....
clay , shale w i t h coal
Sandstone a n d conglomerate

marl ,dolomite a n d limeitone

tuffs. volcanic breccia a n d Lava flows

bas e m ent . undiffercrrliated

E n d . no. 3 rn
Verrical scale ,500
 BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS APPROX
AGE
LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF UNiT BOUNDARLES THICKNU
Roc M=rinr/cont. ?
/Alluviil,volc=nic,~..bottom dr.\ --r
CMmM -m
\posits ho7izonta:iy upon to .Terrestial 200 PLEIST
Continental cladicr : Fin, to coarsn, loore, soft, not sorted. Components
LAY - STONI
- Kasai q u i r t a m , jeldpithic or tuffaceous , Coal lwyers frequent - Limnic - -
-Muara Enim
SERIES Paralic clartics mainly claystones wlth marly. sandy and browncoal - o u t e r shelf to 700 LATE
AND
- Tjisubuh intercalation#. Poorly consolidated, silty. glauconltic with abundant Panlis MIOCENE
- Subng Tomo - heavy minerals locally mtrr
IQUIV. -With carbonate Unit'A'
- M I , Unit I l r t / c l s r t i c boundary
All the r o c b are poorly bedded or layered. Mainly ma8sive w l t h
- Dahor - With clartic Unit 'A" not so c1r.r Mainb
IamiMtion.
the dominant clayey rwks ,also appearance - PLEIST
MAIN -Pwigi - Organic build up r i c h in fossils and disappearance of coalbeds. East :
ARBONATE - Karren Mainly limestone with some mads. Limesfane usuilly rccflst. A180 chalk ' ~ l n n e i shelf 1 0 3 m. -
UNIT -Mundu (?I dolomiter and ulcarenites. west: MIDDLE
Often massive with many vugs. Lt surface ofttn cwvernous. Not 40 well defined: gradual .haling o 0 lOOm 4lOCENE
A' - G I (71 -
bt. cplz. by lenses and stmaks.
- 6UF - ABF In ~
u n c o n f o r ~ i ' .f
- Nainly marins srdimenilry cla%tics.Fine t o coarse qrained. bnglomerAes Paralic .East LATE
- Tjirubuh and pnbbls size sediments are typically lacking. Loose to conrolidated
\krr'n upon older rocks'
- Tjibulabn Inner m d 400 m MIOCENE
CLISTIC Coarser Chlfics m8y form lcnrrr to massive bodice. (hmponent m i d y quartx. outer shelf West
- Wonotjolo -
SERIES -Ledok (?) - C M l layers, Imres and carboniferous remain8 a m w i n l y in the upptr part 2000 m
'A" - Npjong. OK -Limestone reefs occur onshore Java North EARLY
-Unit n -Limcstonc, marl8 as lenses. mainly in thr'lower part 1500 m MIOCENE
- Warukin
- Baturrdla Predomiwntly linwrtone and ~ r l .Uaariw 1st b d i n in the vest, mwrh
in south i in th* e w t and north- cast maisivs 1st. dfcrnating with slwrtiq Wed
MAIN - U n i t 10 MIDDLE
intervals. I n n e r and sorn,
LREONATE - Tjibulakan MIOCENE
~

UNIT -OK h l I f O n C 1 are Often carbonat. build ups. Argillaceous 1st.. calurenlter j Outer East -
- Kdjung Lithographic 1st' some dolomites 1400m
'I' -Marl: are sDft , 'btdded, with abundant 1st h a k r .
-Unit 111 W - V
- Neritic South EOCENE
- C l r r t i a a n we11 layered, mainly fine grairnd t o talc. u n d s t w r . Cdse.nr Typically transition1 zone, being l m e -
- Bcr., 2000 m
dken present in c l w h r . -
- Tahng h r Sedimentary Jastics. fin, topebbl*jbouldcr size. Well lithified by calcareous LJgOOnJl Offshore
;LASTIC
- Tjibulakan or feldrpwthic cernmt Components are quartzore. Locally near the base Paralic 1000 m
;ERIES I EARLY
Re-KudjunJ. t h r particlss maybe igneous , indurated r e d i n r n b crvolcanicr. Transit ions1
'8' V-Vl MIOCENE
--Unit
Close t o t h e top finer cbstic dominate. Coarser clastic d o w n w o w . continental t o Onland
Contact w i t h bassment & always by b a r d cong-
-
inner t2Wm
-lahat Neritic
streaks typically in the transition EOCENE
Andesiter
- Djatlbwrurg vdcanics occur in the NE and/or
-Thin d.y layers continental
\ Dilfcrence of mdulatlon, appsrance
igneous and metamorphic rocks

Encl. no. 4
16
gnds of marine geophysical suxveys in the Java
Sea. Of importance is the presence of one re-
gional, continuous reflection zone which co-
incide with the top of a carbonate complex.
This seismic marker confirms the regional
occurrence of Main Carbonate Unit B of
constant early Miocene age.
Correlation of existing terminology meets basic
difficulties Several known subbasins have
either an established detailed system of terms
or very general subdivisions based on a mixfure
of litho and age considerations. In a restricted
sense efforts were also made to extend terms
away from the subbasin where the actual type
sections were established. This may tend to
redefifie the original tockunit. It is suggested
that correlation of existing terminology may
only be useful after carefully studying the
actual meaning and origin of terms t o be
correlated.
Brief description of lithology of proposed
regional lithozonation is described in enclosure
no. 4.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.
Within a vast Tertiary sedimentary cover,
restricted areas with relatively thicker sedi- TODD, D.F., AND PULUNGGONO, A. 1971:
ments constitute different subbasins. Tentative
sections correlate satisfactorily based mainly on
m'o types of rock associations. Biostratigraphic
evidence, aided to some degree by seismic
reflection data support the correlation. The.
following points are important :
1. - Major stratigraphic breaks are absent,
except locally.
2 - Major rock units, although crossing time-
lines, can be correlated.
3. - A repetition of a clastic, then carbonate
succession, and eventually topped by a
dominant claystone series is unmistakable
4. - An important correlation level is the Main
Cprbonate Unit 8. This change in
lithology persists regionally at roughly
the same age.
***
The use of above general nomenclature
proposed for regional Correlation. Wilhin each
defined subbasin, eventually, local terminology
will establish itself, being necessary deviations
of the general system of terms.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
Acknowledgements are respeutfully made to
the Board of Directors of Indonesian State 0 2
Company PERTAMINA for permission t o
present this paper.
REFERENCES.
BEMMELEN, R.W. VAN. 1949. The geology
of Indoneaia; the Hague Martinus Nijhoff, V.I.
and II (2nd ed. 1970).
MARKS, P., 1957 : StratigRphic Lexicon of
Indonesia. Publik Keilmuan 3 1, Seri Geologi,
p-l. - 23.
JACKSON, A, 1961 : Oil Exploration; a brief
review, with illustrations from South Sumatra.
Contribution from the Dept. of Geology,
Institute of Technology, Bandung, No. 40,
rept. from Science in Indonesia, Publication
no. 2.
The Sunda B!ashal area, an hportont new oil
province; a paper presented at the Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologistsmeeting, 1971. Condens-
ed version : Oil & G a s Journal, June 14,1971,
D. 104 - 110.
KOESOEMADiNATA. R.P., AND PULUNG
GONO, A., 1971 : . Offahore Tertiary
Sedimentary baain8 in Indonedu, a paper
presented at the 12th Pacific Science
Congress, Canberra, Australia, August 1971.
BAUMANN, P., OESTERLE, H., SUMINTA
AND WIBISONO 1972: Stmtisrpphic cor-
rehtions in the Terthry of Jaw and sumpta,
a paper presPnted at the First Annual Conven-
tion of the Indonesian Petroleum Assohtion,
Jakarta June 1972.