ABSTRACT

Neural networks are attractive alternatives to conventional methods such as numerical

modeling methods, which could be computationally expensive or analytical methods,

which could be difficult to obtain for new devices or empirical modeling solutions

whose range and accuracy may be limited .The present work provides a detailed

methodology to design and analyse microstrip antenna using artificial neural network

(ANN) by taking into account different design and performance parameter.

In this research work ANN models based on feed forward back propagation structures

are developed for predicting the different performance and design parameter of

different microstrip patch antenna.

i
 LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1.1(a) Block diagram of ------ 4

neural network
Figure 1.1(b) Simple neural network ------ 4
Figure 2.1 Microstrip Line ------ 12
Figure 2.2 Electric Field Lines ------ 12
Figure 2.3 Geometry of rectangular ------ 14
patch antenna
Figure 2.4 Ann model for the ------- 15
determination of effective
dielectric constant
Figure 2.5 Graph showing the training ------ 17
performance for MLPFFBP
neural network with scale
conjugate gradient training
algorithm.
Figure 2.6 Plot between target εreff and ------ 18
computed εreff for MLPFFBP
Neural Network with Scale
conjugate training algorithm
Figure 2.7 Graph showing the training ------18
performance for MLPFFBP
neural network with fletcher
reaves training algorithm
Figure 2.8 Plot between target εreff and ------- 19
computed εreff for MLPFFBP
neural network with fletcher
reaves training algorithm
Figure 2.9 Graph showing the training -------- 19
performance for MLPFFBP neural
network with powell-beale restarts
training algorithm

ii
Figure 2.10 Plot between target εreff and ------ 20
computed εreff for MLPFFBP
neural network with powell-beale
restarts training algorithm
Figure 2.11 Graph showing the training ------- 20
performance for MLPFFBP
neural network with polka ribiere
update training algorithm
Figure 2.12 Plot between target εreff and ------- 21
computed εreff for MLPFFBP
neural network with polka ribiere
training algorithm
Figure 2.13 Graph showing the training ------- 21
performance for MLPFFBP
neural network with levenberg
marquardt training algorithm
Figure 2.14 Plot between target εreff and --------- 22
computed εreff for MLPFFBP
neural network with
levenberg-marquardt training
algorithm
Figure 2.15 Graph showing the training --------- 22
performance for MLPFFBP
neural network with one step
secant training algorithm
Figure 2.16 Plot between target εreff and -------- 23
computed εreff for MLPFFBP
neural network with one step
secant training algorithm
Figure 2.17 Graph showing the training -------- 23
performance for MLPFFBP neural
network with resilient back
propagation training algorithm
Figure 2.18 Plot between target εreff and --------- 24
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 computed εreff for MLPFFBP neural
network with resilient back
propagation training algorithm
Figure 2.19 Graph showing the training --------- 24
performance for MLPFFBP
neural network with bfg
(quasi newton) training algorithm
Figure 2.20 Plot between target εreff and --------- 25
computed εreff for MLPFFBP
neural network with bfg
(quasi newton) training
algorithm
Figure 2.21 Graph showing the training -------- 27
performance for CFBP neural network
Figure 2.22 Plot between target εreff and -------- 28
computed εreff for CFBP neural
network
Figure 2.23 Graph showing the training -------- 29
performance for RBF neural network
Figure 2.24 Plot between target εreff and -------- 30
computed εreff for RBF neural
network
Figure 2.25 Accuracy comparison graph of --------- 33
different ANN
Figure 3.1 Graph showing the training ---------- 35
performance for MLPFFBP neural
network with scale conjugate
gradient training algorithm.
Figure 3.2 Plot between target z0 and computed -------- 35
z0 for MLPFFBP neural network
with scale conjugate gradient training algorithm
Figure 3.3 Graph showing the training --------- 36
performance for MLPFFBP
neural network with powell-beale
iv
 training algorithm
Figure 3.4 Plot between target z0 and computed ---------- 36
z0 for MLPFFBP neural network
with powell-beale training algorithm
Figure 3.5 Graph showing the training ---------- 37
performance For MLPFFBP
neural network with fletcher-reeves
training algorithm
Figure 3.6 Plot between target z0 and computed ---------- 37
z0 for MLPFFBP neural network
with fletcher-reeves training algorithm
Figure 3.7 Graph showing the training ---------- 38
performance for MLPFFBP
neural network with polka-ribiere
update training algorithm
Figure 3.8 Plot between target z0 and computed ---------- 38
z0 for MLPFFBP neural network with
polka-ribiere update training algorithm
Figure 3.9 Graph showing the training performance ---------- 39
for MLPFFBP neural network
with one step secant training algorithm.
Figure 3.10 Plot between target z0 and computed -------- 39
z0 for MLPFFBP neural network
with one step secant training algorithm
Figure 3.11 Graph showing the training ------- 40
performance for MLPFFBP
neural network with
levenberg-marquardt training algorithm
Figure 3.12 Plot between target z0 and ------- 40
computed z0 for MLPFFBP
neural network with levenberg –
marquardt training algorithm
Figure 3.13 Graph showing the training ------ 41
performance for MLPFFBP
v
 neural network with resilient
back propagation training algorithm
Figure 3.14 Plot between target z0 and ------- 41
computed z0 for MLPFFBP neural
network with resilient
Back Propagation Training Algorithm
Figure 3.15 Graph showing the training ----- 42
performance for MLPFFBP neural
network with bfg(quasi newton)
training algorithm
Figure 3.16 Plot between target z0 and ------- 42
computed z0 for CFBP neural
network
Figure 3.17 Graph showing the training ------- 44
performance for CFBP neural network
Figure 3.18 Plot between target z0 and ------- 44
computed z0 for CFBP neural
network
Figure 3.19 Graph showing the training --------- 45
performance for RBF neural
network
Figure 3.20 Plot between target z0 and --------- 45
computed z0 For RBF neural
network
Figure 4.1 (a) Side view of rectangular microstrip patch antenna --------- 48

Figure 4.1(b) Top view of rectangular microstrip patch antenna --------- 48

Figure 4.1 (c) Variation of return loss in dB vs. frequency of the --------- 49

rectangular microstrip patch antenna

Figure 4.2 Analysis ANN Model ---------- 50

Figure 4.3 MLPFFBP neural network ---------- 51

Figure 4.4 Graph showing the network training ---------- 51

performance for the determination of
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 resonant frequency
Figure 5.1(a) Top view of circular microstrip --------- 55
patch antenna.
Figure 5.1(b) Side view of circular microstrip --------- 55
patch antenna
Figure 5.2 Variation of return loss in dB vs. frequency --------- 56
of the circular microstrip patch antenna
when feed are located at origin
Figure 5.3 ANN model to determine resonant ---------57
frequency of circular microstrip patch
using ANN
Figure 5.4 Graph showing the training --------- 58

performance for MLPFFBP neural

network with levenberg marquardt

Training Algorithm

Figure 6.1 Design of slotted microstrip --------- 61

patch antenna
Figure 6.2 Graph between resonant frequency -------- 62
Vs Return loss
Figure 6.3 Graph of average current distribution -------- 63
on slotted microstrip patch
Figure 6.4 Graph between V.S.W.R Vs frequency -------- 63

vii
 LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.1 Performance evaluation of 8 different ------- 25

variants of back propagation training

algorithms for MLPFFBP neural

network

Table 2.2 Performance evaluation of three ------- 32

different neural network structures

Table 3.1 Performance evaluation of 8 different ------- 43

variants of back propagation training

algorithms for MLPFFBP neural

network

Table 3.2 Performance Evaluation of Three ------ 46

different neural network structures

Table 4.1 Comparison of result of IE3D and ANN for ------- 52

resonant frequency with constant

Table 5.1 Comparison of IE3D & ANN ------- 59

model with Levenberg-Marquardt training

algorithm for the analysis of resonant frequency

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