MUSCLES OF THE

THORAX, BACK &

ABDOMEN
Muscles of the Thorax
 Thoracic Muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation

M. pectoralis clavicula
pars clavicularis
major (medial ½ )

manubrium sterni et adduction, internal

M. pectoralis pars crista tuberculi
cartilagines costae rotation, arm flexion;
major sternocostalis majoris
(2nd-7th) auxiliary inspiratory m.

M. pectoralis vagina musculi recti

pars abdominalis
major abdominis

Plexus brachialis
processus
pulls the clavicle;
M. pectoralis minor 3rd - 5th rib coracoideus
auxiliary inspiration m
scapulae

pulls clavicule →
clavicula indirectly the shoulder
M. subclavius first rib
(inferior surface) distoventrally;
auxiliary inspiration m.
pulls the clavicle from
scapula the backbone; pulls
M. serratus anterior cranial 9 ribs (margo medialis et inferior angle laterally →
angulus inferior) rotates scapula; auxiliary
respirat. m.
 Thoracic Muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation

inferior margin of ribs -

superior margin of elevation of lower ribs,
from the costal tubercle
Mm. intercostales externi ribs immediately thorax expansion →
to the beginning of rib
below inspiratory m.
cartilage

inferior margin of adduction of cranial Nn.

superior margin of ribs -
Mm. intercostales interni ribs immediately ribs to caudal ribs → intercostales
costal angle to sternum
above expiratory m.

M. transversus thoracis
internal surface of
cartilagines costae
xiphoid process and expiratory muscle
verae
body of sternum

inner surface of xiphoid

Diaphragma sternal part
process

inner surface of
Diaphragma costal part
cartilage of ribs 7-12
main inspiratory
Plexus
central tendon muscle; abdominal
ligamentum cervicalis
lumbar part, press
Diaphragma longitudinale anterius
medial crus
(vertebrae lumbales)

ligaments jump over the

lumbar part,
Diaphragma psoas and quadratus
lateral crus
muscles
Muscles of the Back
Superficial muscles
 functionally belong to the upper limb
Intermediate muscles
 active during respiration
Deep muscles
 true muscles of the back
 originates at lower levels → ascend in staggered fashion
and insert into higher levels
 extends the vertebral column and head
 Heterochtonnous
origin insertion action innervation
muscles

protuberantia occipitalis lateral ⅓ of adduction of shoulder,

externa, septum nuchae, clavicle, acromion upper fibres elevates n. accessorius,
M. trapezius
processus spinosi C7 and and spina the scapula; the lower plexus cervicalis
all thoracic vertebrae scapulae part pulls the scapula

processus spinosi of
caudal thoracic vertebrae,
Spinohumeral

crista tuberculi adduction, extension,

M. latissimus dorsi lumbar vertebrae, n. thoracodorsalis
minoris medially rotation
sacrum, crista iliaca and
caudal ribs

elevates scapula,
processus transversi of angulus superior
M. levator scapulae rotates scapula
cranial cervical vertebrae scapulae
medially
n. dorsalis
scapulae
processus spinosus of
M. rhomboideus margo medialis pulls the scapula
caudal cerical and cranial
minor et major scapulae medially and cranially
thoracic vertebrae
Spinocostal

processus spinosus of elevates the ribs →

M. serratus
caudal cervical and cranial ribs auxilliary inspiratory
posterior superior
cranial thoracic vertebrae muscle
nn. intercostales
processus spinosus of
M. serratus auxiliary expiratory
caudal thoracic and caudal ribs
posterior inferior muscle
cranial lumbar vertebrae
 Autochtonnous muscles Origin Insertion Action Innervation

M. longissimus dorsi et
medial part
cervicis
Sacrospinal

bilateral -
fill the space
dorsiflexion,
between processus
M. longissimus capitis cranial base unilateral -
spinosus et
homolateral
transversus lateroflexion

M. iliocostalis lateral part

DR of spinal nerves
Mm. spinales thoracis et
cervicis
Spinospinal

unilateral -
are stretched between processus
lateroflexion,
Mm. interspinales cervicis spinosus of the thoracic and cervical
bilateral -
vertebrae dorsiflexion

Mm. intertransversarii
posteriores cervicis
 Autochtonnous
Origin Insertion Action Innervation
muscles

M. semispinalis
Transversospinal

thoracis et cervicis
are stretched from jump over 4-
4-5
transversal to the spinous vertebrae bilateral - dorsiflexion,
processes; is located along unilateral - homolateral
M. semispinalis
the whole spine with lateroflexion and
capitis
insertion on the cranial contralateral rotation
base

jump over 1-3 DR of spinal

Mm. multifidi
vertebrae nerves
Spinotransversal

M. splenius capitis cranial base

bilateral - dorsiflexion,
runs from processus
unilateral -
spinosus to processus
lateroflexion and
transversus
homolateral rotation
cervical
M. splenius cervicis
vertebrae
 Mm. nuchae
Origin Insertion Action Innervation
profundi

unilateral - homolateral
M. rectus capitis tuberculum posterius
linea nuchae inferior lateroflexion, bilateral -
posterior minor atlantis
dorsiflexion

bilateral - dorsiflexion,
M. rectus capitis processus spinosus
linea nuchae inferior unilateral - homolateral
posterior major axis
lateroflexion and rotation
suboccipital nerve
bilateral - dorsiflexion,
M. obliquus capitis processus transversi
linea nuchae inferior unilateral - homolateral
superior atlantis
lateroflexion

M. obliquus capitis processus spinosu processus transversi

homolateral rotation
inferior axis atlantis
Muscles of the Abdomen
 Abdominal
Origin Insertion Action Innervation
muscles

trunk anteflexion;
xiphoid process and
M. rectus abdominis tuberculum pubicum increase abdominal
costal cartilages 5 - 7
press

crista iliaca, ↑ abdominal press;

M. obliquus ligamentum inquinale, bilateral - anteflexion,
lower ribs
externus abdominis vagina musculi recti unilateral - contralateral
abdominis rotation

auxiliary expiration m, ↑
fascia
lower ribs et vagina abdominal press;
M. obliquus internus thoracolumbalis,
musculi recti bilateral - dorsiflexion, Nn. Intercostales
abdominis crista iliaca,
abdominis unilateral - homolateral
ligamentum inquinale
rotation

auxiliary respiratory m,
fascia
M. transversus vagina musculi recti ↑ abdominal press;
thoracolumbalis,
abdominis abdominis unilateral - homolateral
crista iliaca, lower ribs
lateroflexion

unilateral - homolateral
M. quadratus The muscle is attached between last rib, iliac
lateroflexion, bilateral -
lumborum crest and lumbar vertebrae
dorsiflexion of backbone
Anterior abdominal wall
 Muscles of abdominal wall are continue anteriorly and medially as
strong sheet-
sheet-like aponeuroses
 Between the midclavicular line and the midline form the rectus
sheath enclosing the rectus abdominis muscle
 In midline aponeuroses interweave with their fellows of the
opposite side forming a midline raphe = linea alba (extends from
the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis)
 The deep surface of the transversus abdominis muscle and its
aponeurosis is transversalis fascia
Anterior abdominal wall
 Approximately one third of the distance from the umbilicus to the
pubic crest,
crest, the aponeuroses of the three flat muscles pass
anterior to the rectus abdominis to form the anterior layer of the
rectus sheath
 Leaving only the relatively thin transversalis fascia to cover the
rectus abdominis posteriorly
 Arcuate line – demarcates the transition between the aponeurotic
posterior wall of the sheath covering the superior three quarters
of the rectus and the transversalis fascia covering the inferior
quarter
Inguinal canal
 A passage through the lower anterior abdominal wall situated just
above the medial half of the inguinal ligament
 Extends in a downward and medial direction from the deep
inguinal ring to the superficial inguinal ring
 Deep inguinal ring
 Opening of the evagination of the transversalis fascia at a point
midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic
symphysis → continues into the canal forming the innermost
covering of the structures traversing the canal
 Superficial inguinal ring
 Triangular opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique
muscle