Cheetah

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This article is about the animal. For other uses, see Cheetah (disambiguation).
Cheetah
Temporal range: Pleistocene–
Holocene, 1.9–0 Ma
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Female cheetah in KwaZulu Natal,

South Africa

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Acoustic repertoire of cheetahs
Conservation status

Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)[1]

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Subfamily: Felinae
Genus: Acinonyx
Species: A. jubatus
Binomial name
Acinonyx jubatus
(Schreber, 1775)
Subspecies
 A. j. jubatus (Schreber, 1775)
 A. j. venaticus (Griffith,
1821)
 A. j. soemmeringii
(Fitzinger, 1855)
 A. j. hecki (Hilzheimer, 1913)

The range of the cheetah

Former range Low

density Medium density High
density

The cheetah (/ˈtʃiːtə/; Acinonyx jubatus) is a large cat of the subfamily Felinae that occurs in
Southern, North and East Africa, and a few localities in Iran. Cheetahs inhabit a variety of
habitats – dry forests, scrub forests, and savannahs. The species is IUCN Red Listed as
vulnerable, as it suffered a substantial decline in its historic range in the 20th century due to
habitat loss, poaching, illegal pet trade, and conflict with humans. By 2016, the global cheetah
population has been estimated at approximately 7,100 individuals in the wild. Several African
countries have taken steps to improve cheetah conservation measures.[1]

The only extant member of the genus Acinonyx, the cheetah was formally described by Johann
Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1775. The cheetah is characterised by a slender body, deep
chest, spotted coat, small rounded head, black tear-like streaks on the face, long thin legs and
long spotted tail. Its lightly built, slender form is in sharp contrast with the robust build of the
Panthera cats. The cheetah reaches 70 to 90 cm (28 to 35 in) at the shoulder, and weighs 21–
72 kg (46–159 lb). Although taller than the leopard (P. pardus), it is notably smaller than the lion
(P. leo). Typically yellowish tan or rufous to greyish white, its coat is uniformly covered with
nearly 2,000 solid black spots.

Cheetahs are active mainly during the day, with hunting their major activity. Adult males are
sociable despite their territoriality, forming groups called coalitions. Females are not territorial;
they may be solitary or live with their offspring in home ranges.

Carnivores, cheetah mainly prey upon antelopes and gazelles. They will stalk their prey to within
100–300 m (330–980 ft), charge towards it and kill it by tripping it during the chase and biting
its throat to suffocate it to death.

It is the fastest land animal. Cheetahs can reach speeds of 112 km/h (70 mph) in short bursts, but
the top end speed of the cheetah is disputed by more recent measurements. The average speed of
a cheetah while hunting is about 64 km/h (40 mph).

Cheetahs are induced ovulators, breeding throughout the year. Gestation is nearly three months
long, resulting in a litter of typically three to five cubs (the number can vary from one to eight).
Weaning occurs at six months; siblings tend to stay together for some time.

Because of its prowess at hunting, the cheetah was tamed and used to kill game at hunts in the
past. The animal has been widely depicted in art, literature, advertising and animation.