SCHAUM’S OUTLINE OF THEORY AND PROBLEMS oF GENERAL TOPOLOGY BY SEYMOUR LIPSCHUTZ, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Mathematics Temple University SCHAUM’S OUTLINE SERIES McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY New York, St. Louis, San Francisco, Toronto, SydneyCopyright © 1965 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, 37988 284567890 SHSH 7210698Preface General topology, also called point set topology, has recently become an essential part of the mathematical background of both graduate and undergraduate students. This book is designed to be used either as a textbook for a formal course in topology or as a supplement to all current standard texts. It should also be of considerable value as a source and reference book for those who require a comprehensive and rigorous introduction to the subject. Each chapter begins with clear statements of pertinent definitions, principles and theorems together with illustrative and other descriptive material. This is followed by graded sets of solved and supplementary problems. The solved problems serve to illustrate and amplify the theory, bring into sharp focus those fine points without which the student continually feels himself on unsafe ground, and provide the repetition of basic principles so vital to effective learning. Numerous proofs of theorems are included among the solved problems. The supplementary problems serve as a complete review of the material of each chapter. Topics covered include the basic properties of topological, metric and normed spaces, the separation axioms, compactness, the product topology, and connectedness. Theorems proven include Urysohn’s lemma and metrization theorem, Tychonoff’s product theorem and Baire’s category theorem. The last chapter, on function spaces, investigates the topologies of pointwise, uniform and compact convergence. In addition, the first three chapters present the required concepts of set theory, the fourth chapter treats of the topology of the line and plane, and the appendix gives the basic principles of the real numbers. More material is included here than can be covered in most first courses. This hhas been done to make the book more flexible, to provide a more useful book of reference, and to stimulate further interest in the subject. I wish to thank many of my friends and colleagues, especially Dr. Joan Landman, for invaluable suggestions and critical review of the manuscript. I also wish to express my gratitude to the staff of the Schaum Publishing Company, particularly to Jeffrey Albert and Alan Hopenwasser, for their helpful cooperation. SEYMOUR LIPSCHUTZ Temple University May, 1965