TEST NAME: genetics

TEST ID: 2914571

GRADE: 10 - Tenth Grade
SUBJECT: Life and Physical Sciences
TEST CATEGORY: School Assessment

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Student:
Class:
Date:

1. A student notes that an individual has attached earlobes, a recessive trait in humans. A cell
is taken from this individual, and the alleles for the trait are isolated. What is the probability
that one of the alleles was inherited from the individual’s mother?
A. 0%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%

2. If a body cell of a chimpanzee contains 48 chromosomes, a gamete

produced by a chimpanzee will contain how many chromosomes?

A. 24 chromosomes
B. 36 chromosomes
C. 48 chromosomes
D. 96 chromosomes

3. Which best describes crossing over?

A. It occurs during mitosis and reduces the chances of genetic variation

in organisms.
B. It occurs during mitosis and increases the chances of genetic variation
in organisms.
C. It occurs during meiosis and reduces the chances of genetic variation
in organisms.
D. It occurs during meiosis and increases the chances of genetic
variation in organisms.

4. During the process of meiosis, two sister chromatids for chromosome 3

do not separate. Which type of mutation is most likely involved?

A. inversion
B. substitution
C. crossing-over
D. nondisjunction

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5. Which process initiates the passage of half of a parent’s DNA to offspring?
A. meiosis
B. mitosis
C. fertilization
D. differentiation

6. The image below shows a kitten and its two parents.

What process during meiosis is MOST likely responsible for creating the variation seen in
the kitten compared to its two parents?
A. independent assortment of alleles
B. separation of the sister chromatids
C. pairing of homologous chromosomes
D. production of haploid daughter cells

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7. A student observes several slides with different cell types under a microscope.

Slide Type of Cells

Slide 1 Liver cell of a mouse
Slide 2 Sperm cell of a human
Slide 3 Skin cells of a human
Slide 4 Egg cells of a mouse

Which pair of slides contains cells that resulted from meiosis?

A. Slide 1 and Slide 3
B. Slide 2 and Slide 4
C. Slide 2 and Slide 3
D. Slide 1 and Slide 4

8. What is the purpose of crossing-over in meiosis?

A.
to create mutations in gametes to increase variation
B. to randomly separate homologous chromosome pairs
C. to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes by one half
D. to create new combinations of alleles on homologous chromosomes

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9. Black hair color is dominant to white hair color in mice. Interpret the Punnett squrare below to
determine the expected phenotypic ratio for the offpring of a heterozygous black mouse and a
white mouse.

A. 4 Black: 0 White
B. 3 Black: 1 White
C. 2 Black: 2 White
D. 0 Black: 4 White

10. Round seed shape is dominant to wrinkled seed shape in pea plants. What genotypic
ratio would you expect to see in the offspring if you cross two pea plants with wrinkiled
seeds?

A. 1RR: 2Rr: 1rr

B. 2RR: 2Rr: 0rr
C. 0RR: 4Rr: 0rr
D. 0RR: 0Rr: 4rr

11. The ability to roll the tongue in humans is coded by the dominant allele R. The inability to
roll the tongue is coded by the recessive allele r. A man with an RR allele combination for
the trait produces a zygote with a woman with an rr allele combination for the trait. Which
allele combination could occur in the zygote?
A. RRrr
B. rr
C. Rr
D. RR

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12. A man and his wife both have widow’s peaks. Their baby has a
continuous hairline. Which best explains how this could happen?

A. Both parents have heterozygous genotypes.

B. Both parents have homozygous dominant genotypes.
C. One parent is homozygous dominant, and the other is heterozygous.
D. One parent is homozygous dominant, and the other is homozygous
recessive.

13. Patty is a color-blind female due to a sex-linked recessive disorder.

Patty’s husband has normal vision. What is the probability that their
daughter or son will be color-blind?

A. daughter : 0% and son : 0%

B. daughter : 0% and son : 100%
C. daughter : 100% and son : 0%
D. daughter : 100% and son : 100%

14. The inheritance of short wings in Drosophila fruit flies is an x-linked,

recessive trait. Which would most likely result if a short-winged female
mates with a long-winged male?

A. All offspring will be short-winged.

B. All females will be long-winged, and all males will be short-winged.
C. All females will be short-winged, and all males will be long-winged.
D. Half of the males and females will be short-winged, and half will be
long-winged.

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15. A man, who has red-green colorblindness, and his wife, who is a carrier
for colorblindness, have a colorblind son. What is the probability that
their next son will also be colorblind?

A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%

16. The diagram illustrates how some traits may be totally inherited and other traits may be
greatly influenced by the environment.

In which labeled area would the trait “attached earlobes” be found?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

17. Tay-Sachs disease is a lethal, autosomal recessive genetic disorder. If both parents are
heterozygous carriers of the disease, what are the chances of them having a child who is
also a heterozygous carrier for Tay-Sachs?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%

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18. Cystic fibrosis is a lethal, autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Which statement BEST
explains how cystic fibrosis is maintained in the gene pool?
A. Organisms that are heterozygous can pass on only the dominant allele.
B. Organisms that are homozygous-dominant pass on either dominant or recessive alleles.
C. Organisms that are heterozygous can pass on either dominant or recessive alleles.
D. Organisms that are homozygous-recessive pass on only the dominant allele.

19. Which best explains why hemophilia is more common in males than in
females?

A. Hemophilia is caused by a dominant allele.

B. Hemophilia only occurs in the presence of male hormones.
C. The hemophilia allele is located on the X chromosome, and males
have only one X chromosome.
D. The hemophilia allele is located on the Y chromosome, and females
do not have a Y chromosome.

20. Four children in a family have four different blood types. If the father has
type A blood, which blood genotype best represents the mother?

A. BB
B. BO
C. AB
D. AO

21. Vanessa crosses a white-flowered pea plant with pollen from a purple-flowered pea plant.
When the first generation of pea plants flowers, she records the number of offspring
produced with each flower color. Vanessa’s investigation is BEST designed to test which
hypothesis?
A. Purple flowers survive longer than white flowers.
B. Purple flower color is a dominant trait in pea plants.
C. The number of offspring produced increases with each cross.
D. Flower color is determined by the number of offspring produced.

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22. A mouse is homozygous for black fur (BB). The other parent is heterozygous for black fur
with a recessive trait for brown fur (Bb). If black is the dominant trait, what percentage of
the offspring will be brown?
A. 100%
B. 50%
C. 25%
D. 0%

23. In pea plants, the allele for smooth peas is dominant (S). If a heterozygous smooth pea plant
(Ss) is crossed with a homozygous smooth pea plant (SS), which are the possible genotypes
the offspring could have?
A. only SS
B. only Ss
C. Ss or SS
D. ss or SS

24. Brown hair and brown eyes are dominant traits in humans. If both parents have brown hair
and brown eyes, how is it possible that their children can have blond hair and blue eyes?
A. Both parents are homozygous for brown eyes.
B. Both parents are homozygous for blond hair.
C. The children inherited one recessive gene from each parent.
D. The children inherited one dominant gene from each parent.

25. In mice, black fur is dominant over white fur. A mouse with black fur is
mated with a mouse with white fur. They produce 11 offspring, 10 of
which have black fur and 1 of which has white fur. Which is the most
likely genotype of the black mouse?

A. BB
B. Bb
C. bb
D. BB or Bb

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26. Which best describes how a Punnett square is used to interpret and
predict patterns of inheritance?

A. It shows only the recessive alleles.

B. It shows all of the dominant alleles.
C. It shows only the physical traits inherited from a pairing.
D. It shows all possible genotypes that can result from a pairing.

27. A student researches the occurrence of attached versus unattached earlobes in his family.
Which potential title will BEST reflect the contents of the report?
A. Conformity of Earlobe Types
B. Earlobe Type and Biology
C. Heredity of Earlobe Types
D. Earlobe Type and Protein Formation

28. In one type of animal, the gene for a long tail (T) is dominant over the gene for a short tail
(t). Two animals with long tails are crossed, and 25% of their offspring have short tails.
Which diagram correctly shows a Punnett square of this cross?
A.

B.

C.

D.

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29. What is the probability of a man with Type AB blood and a woman with
Type O blood having an offspring with Type O blood?

A. 100%
B. 50%
C. 25%
D. 0%

30. A plant with the genotype AaBb is allowed to self-pollinate. Which

process allows gametes to be produced with the genotypes AB, Ab, aB,
and ab?

A. mitosis with independent assortment

B. meiosis with independent assortment
C. mitosis producing co-dominant alleles
D. meiosis producing co-dominant alleles

31. Which pattern of heredity determines human hair color and skin color?

A. multiple alleles
B. polygenic inheritance
C. incomplete dominance
D. sex-linked inheritance

32. Shaded individuals in this pedigree express a particular trait.

Based on this pedigree, what is the mode of inheritance of the trait?

A. autosomal dominant
B. autosomal recessive
C. sex-linked dominant
D. sex-linked recessive

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33. In humans, free earlobes are dominant to attached earlobes.

If a homozygous dominant male has children with a homozygous recessive female, what
percent of their children can be expected to have free earlobes?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%

34. A plant that grows red flowers was crossed with the same kind of plant that grows white
flowers. Their offspring grew pink flowers. Which BEST explains why the offspring grew
pink flowers?
A. The offspring experienced a genetic mutation.
B. The offspring resulted from asexual reproduction.
C. The genes for flower color exhibited incomplete dominance.
D. A gene for pink-colored flowers was recessive in one of the parents.

35. A child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Neither parent has the disease.
How did the child most likely inherit this disease?

A. sex-linked trait and inherited from the father

B. dominant trait and inherited from the mother
C. recessive trait and inherited from the father
D. recessive trait and inherited from both parents

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36. Sarah found a page from a biology notebook with a diagram on it.

Under which topic would Sarah expect a diagram like this one to belong?
A. protein synthesis
B. natural selection
C. sexual reproduction
D. asexual reproduction

37. The diagram below shows independently assorted chromosomes from

meiosis.

Which describes the outcome of an independent assortment of the chromosomes shown

during meiosis?

A. two possible allele combinations in gametes: Aa or Bb

B. two possible allele combinations in gametes: AB or ab
C. four possible allele combinations in gametes: Aa, Aa, Bb, or bb
D. four possible allele combinations in gametes: AB, Ab, aB, or ab

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38. Examine the Punnet square below.

What is the most likely phenotype of the two parents?

A. type A and B
B. type A and O
C. type A and AB
D. type O and AB

39. Which cross could produce a child with type O (ii) blood?

A. IAi x ii
B. IAIA x ii
C. IBIB x IAi
D. IBIB x ii

40. Two parents have blood type A, and they are both heterozygous for this
trait. What is the chance they will have a child with a homozygous
genotype?

A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%

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41. Shaded individuals in this pedigree express a particular trait.

Based on this pedigree, what is the mode of inheritance of the trait?

A. autosomal dominant
B. autosomal recessive
C. sex-linked dominant
D. sex-linked recessive

42. Fraternal twins may or may not share similar characteristics due to
A. independent assortment.
B. polygenic inheritance.
C. incomplete dominance.
D. multiple alleles.

43. Which would have the greatest effect on an individual with PKU?

A. eating a diet rich in dairy products

B. consuming large quantities of water
C. exercising strenuously for long periods of time
D. spending long periods in a tanning bed or in the sun

44. PKU, or Phenylketonuria, is an inherited disease which leads to an

elevated amount of phenylalanine and can cause mental retardation. For
this reason, diet soft drinks containing aspartame, which contains
phenylalanine, include a warning. Which reason best supports the
conclusion that PKU can be treated by limiting the consumption of these
types of foods?

A. Limiting the consumption of phenylalanine cures phenylketonuria.

B. Limiting the consumption of phenylalanine turns off the gene
responsible for phenylketonuria.
C. Limiting the consumption of these foods reduces the amount of
aspartame in the bloodstream.
D. Limiting the consumption of these foods reduces the amount of
phenylalanine in the bloodstream.

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45. Which is an example of the relationship between environmental factors
and gene expression?

A. The offspring of a black hen and a white rooster are black and white
due to codominance.
B. A man is colorblind because he inherited the sex-linked trait for
colorblindness from his mother.
C. Two plants with the same genetic make-up have different flower
colors due to the pH of the soil.
D. The offspring of a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant have
pink flowers due to incomplete dominance.

46. Which human disorder would be most affected by dairy products?

A. PKU
B. anemia
C. hemophilia
D. Huntington’s disease

47. What would most likely occur due to excessive exposure to x-rays?

A. mutation
B. skin cancer
C. lung cancer
D. unhealthy diet

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