MARK JEROME N.

DE LA PEŇA, MAED (MATHEMATICS)

FD_502
BASIC STATISTICS
EXERCISE NO. 7
1.
Let Method 1 be lecture/lab method
Method 2 be all lab/demonstration approach with no lectures
Method 3 be recorded lectures and dmonstrations
Scores are the Results (mentioned in the data)
A. Are the scores of the students in the three sections normally distributed?
Ho: The scores of the students in the three sections are normally distributed.
Ha: The scores of the students in the three sections are not normally distributed.
Result from stata:
. by method, sort : swilk result

-> method = 1

Shapiro-Wilk W test for normal data

Variable Obs W V z Prob>z

result 9 0.94315 0.835 -0.293 0.61538

-> method = 2

Shapiro-Wilk W test for normal data

Variable Obs W V z Prob>z

result 9 0.93608 0.939 -0.104 0.54127

-> method = 3

Shapiro-Wilk W test for normal data

Variable Obs W V z Prob>z

result 9 0.94842 0.758 -0.447 0.67270

Test value & P-value

Method W p-value
1 0.94315 0.61538
2 0.93608 0.54127
3 0. 94842 0.67270
Decision on Ho: since, all of the p-values are greater than 0.05, do not reject Ho.
Conclusion: The scores of the students in the three sections are normally distributed.
 MARK JEROME N. DE LA PEŇA, MAED (MATHEMATICS)

FD_502
BASIC STATISTICS
EXERCISE NO. 7
B. Is the variation in final exam scores equal among the three sections?
Ho: There is no difference in the variances of final exam scores of students in the three
methods.
Ha: There is difference in the variances of final exam scores of students in the three
methods.
Result from stata:

. robvar result, by(method)

Summary of result
method Mean Std. Dev. Freq.

1 70.666667 12.951834 9
2 72.333333 13.294736 9
3 65.333333 11.202678 9

Total 69.444444 12.404507 27

W0 = 0.18454487 df(2, 24) Pr > F = 0.8326514

W50 = 0.13138686 df(2, 24) Pr > F = 0.87750485

W10 = 0.18454487 df(2, 24) Pr > F = 0.8326514

Test statistics value & p-value

Test stat value p-value
W0 0.94315 0.61538
W50 0.93608 0.54127
W10 0. 94842 0.67270

Decision: The p-value associated with each test statistic is greater than the 0.05 level
of significance, thus, the null hypothesis is not rejected.
Conclusion: Therefore, the variances of final exam scores of students in the three methods are not
significantly different. Thus, the variation in final exam scores are not equal among the three
sections.
 MARK JEROME N. DE LA PEŇA, MAED (MATHEMATICS)

. oneway result method, scheffe tabulate

FD_502
BASIC STATISTICS
Summary of resultNO. 7
EXERCISE
method
C. Is there Mean inStd.
a significant difference Dev.
student Freq.
performance by teaching method?
Ho: There is no significant difference in the mean final exam scores of students among the three
methods. 1 70.666667 12.951834 9
2 72.333333 13.294736 9
Ha: There is a3 significant difference
65.333333 in the mean final exam scores of students among the three
11.202678 9
methods.
Result from stata:
Total 69.444444 12.404507 27

Analysis of Variance
Source SS df MS F Prob > F

Between groups 240.666667 2 120.333333 0.77 0.4750

Within groups 3760 24 156.666667

Total 4000.66667 26 153.871795

Bartlett's test for equal variances: chi2(2) = 0.2489 Prob>chi2 = 0.883

Test statistics value: F = 0.77 P-value=0.4750
Comparison of result by method
Decision: Since p value is greater than 0.05, do not reject Ho.
(Scheffe)
Conclusion:
Row Mean- There is no significant difference in the mean final exam scores of students among the three
methods.
Col MeanTherefore, there is 1a significant difference
2 in student performance by teaching method.

2 1.66667
0.961

3 -5.33333 -7
0.669 0.505
 MARK JEROME N. DE LA PEŇA, MAED (MATHEMATICS)

FD_502
BASIC STATISTICS
EXERCISE NO. 7
2.
A. Generate the expected cell frequencies. Upon inspection of the expected frequencies, is the
data requirement of the chi-square test satisfied? Explain your answer.
Result from Stata:

. tabulate drinkinghabits classstatus [fweight = frequencies], chi2 expected

Key

frequency
expected frequency

drinking class status

habits 1 2 3 4 Total

1 29 41 33 28 131
38.0 34.1 31.4 27.5 131.0

2 32 29 36 39 136
39.4 35.4 32.6 28.6 136.0

3 55 34 27 17 133
38.6 34.6 31.9 27.9 133.0

Total 116 104 96 84 400

116.0 104.0 96.0 84.0 400.0

Pearson chi2(6) = 22.3814 Pr = 0.001

Answer: Yes, the data requirement of the chi-square test was satisfied because all expected frequencies
are large. It satisfies the first requirement (The test is valid if at least 80% of the cells have expected
frequencies of at least 5 and no cell has an expected frequency ≤ 1.)
B. Is the data sufficient to conclude a significant association between class status and drinking habit
of students?
Ho: There is no significant association between class status and drinking habit of students.
Ha: There is significant association between class status and drinking habit of students.
Test statistics value: 𝓍 2 = 22.381 & p-value = 0.001
Decision: Since, p-value is less 0.05, reject Ho.
Conclusion: There is significant association between class status and drinking habit of students.