1.

A reservoir of glycerin (glyc) has a mass of 1200kg and a

volume of 0.952m3. Find the glycerin’s weight (W), mass
density (ρ), specific weight (ϒ), and specific gravity
(s.g.).

Solution:

F = W = ma
=(1200Kg)(9.81m/sec2)
F = 11,770 N or 11.77 KN

ρ = m/V
= 1,200kg/0.952m3
ρ = 1,261 kg/m3

ϒ = W/V
= 11.77KN/0.952 m3
ϒ = 12.36 KN/m3

s.g. = ϒglyc / ϒH2O at 4°C

= 12.36/9.81
s.g. = 1.26

2. The weight of a body is 100 lb. Determine (a) its weight in

newtons, (b) its mass in kilograms, and (c) the rate of
acceleration [in both feet per second (ft/s2) and meters per
second (m/s2)] if a net force of 50 lb is applied to the
body.

Solution:

a. W = (100lbf)(4.448N/lbf)
W = 444.8 N

b. F = W = ma
444.8N = (m)(9.81m/sec2)
m = 45.34 kg or 45.34/14.59 = 3.108 slugs

c. F = ma
@ F= 50 lb
Where m= 45.34 Kg or 45.34 Kg(1slug/14.59 ) = 3.108 slugs

Thus:
50 = (a)(3.108)

a = 16.09 ft/s2
or
a =(16.09ft/sec2)(0.3048m/ft)
a = 4.904 m/s2
3. Find the height of the free surface if 0.8 ft3 of water is
poured into a conical tank 20 in high with a
base radius of 10 in. How much additional water is required to
fill the tank?

Solution:

Vcone = πr2h /3
= [π(10in)2(20in)]/3
Vcone = 2094 in3

Vwater = 0.8 ft3 = 1382 in3

Additional water needed = 2095 in3 — 1382 in3 = 713 in3.

From the Figure: by ratio and proportion

ro /10 = ho /20
or
ro = ho /2

Vempty (top)cone=713 in3 = [π(ho/2)2ho]/3;

ho = 13.96 in.

Thus: The Free surface will be:

20 in - 13.96 in= 6.04 in

Free surface = 6.04 in above base of tank.

4. A vertical glass cylinder contains 900.00 mL of water at

10°C; the height of the water column is 90.00 cm. The water
and its container are heated to 80 °C. Assuming no
evaporation, what will be the height of the water if the
coefficient of thermal expansion (α)for the glass is 3.6 x
10-6/oC?
Solution:
Let:
ρ10oC= Density of water @ 10oC
ρ80oC= Density of water @ 80oC = 971.8 Kg/m3
A10oC= Lateral area of the water container @ 10oC
A80oC= Lateral area of the water container @ 80oC
r10oC= Radius of the water container @ 10oC
r80oC= Radius of the water container @ 80oC
h80oC= Final height of the water after cylinder expansion.

Mass of water = ρV = (ρ10oC)(V10oC) = (ρ80oC)(V80oC)

V80oC = (1000 Kg/m3)[(900 x 10-3L)(1 m3/1000L)]/971.8 Kg/m3
 V80oC = 926.11 x 10-6 m3 = 926.11 cm3

A10oC = V/h = [(900 x 10-3L)(1 m3/1000L)(100cm/1m)3]/90cm

A10oC = 10cm2

A 10oC = πr2
10 cm2 = πr2
r10oC = 1.7841 cm

r80oC = r10oC[l+(ΔT)(α)]
= (1.7841)[1+(80-10)(3.6 X lO -6)]

r80oC = 1.7845 cm

A80oC = π(r80oC)2
= π(1.7845)2
o
A80 C = 10.004 cm2

Thus:

h80oC = V80oC/ A80oC

= 926.11/10.004
h80oC = 92.65 cm

5. A liquid compressed in a cylinder has a volume of 1000 cm3

at 1 MN/m2 and a volume of 995 cm3 at 2 MN/m2. What is its
bulk modulus of elasticity?

Solution:

K = bulk modulus of elasticity

K = - Δρ/(ΔV/V)
= -(2-1)/[(995 - 1000)/1000]
K = 200MPa

6. At a depth of 7 km in the ocean, the pressure is 71.6 MPa.

Assume a specific weight at the surface of 10.05 kN/m3 and
an average bulk modulus of elasticity of 2.34 GPa for that
pressure range.

Solution

a. Find the change in specific volume between the surface and

7 km;

ν = 1/ρ
= g/ ϒ = 9.81m/sec2/10050N/m3
ν = 0.0009761 m3/kg
 K = - Δρ/(Δν /ν)
Δν = [(- Δρ)(V)]/K
= [-(71.6 x 106Pa —0)(0.0009761 m3/kg)]/2.34x109Pa
Δν = 0. 0000299 m3/kg

b. Find the specific volume at 7 km;

ν@7km = ν + Δν
= 0.0009761 - 0.0000299
ν@7km = 0.000946 m3/kg

c. the specific weight at 7 km.

ϒ@7km = g/ν@7km
= 9.81/0.000946
ϒ@7km = 10 370 N/m3

7. Nitrogen gas (molecular weight 28) occupies a volume of 4.0

ft3 at 2500 lb/ft2 abs and 750 °R. What are its specific
volume and specific weight?

Solution:

R = Ru/M = 49709/28
R = 1775 ft • lb/(slug • °R)

where:
Ru = universal gas constant = 49 709 ft • lb/(slug • °R)

ρ = 1/ν = p/RT
= 2500/[(1775)(750)]
ν = 532.5 ft3/slug

ϒ = ρg = (1/ ν)(g)
= (l/532.5)(32.2)
ϒ = 0.0605 lb/ft3

8. (a) Calculate the density, specific weight, and specific

volume of oxygen at 100 °F and 15 psia. (b) What would be
the temperature and pressure of this gas if it were
compressed isentropically to 40 percent of its original
volume? (c) If the process described in (b) had been
isothermal, what would the temperature and pressure have
been?

Solution:

(a) ρ = p/RT
= (15)(144)/[(1552)(100 + 460)]
ρ = 0.00248 slug/ft3
 ϒ = ρg = (0.00248)(32.2)
ϒ = 0.0799 lb/ft3

ν = 1/ρ = 1/0.00248
ν = 403 ft3/slug

(b) P1ν1k=P2ν2k
P2= [(15)(144)](403)1.40/ [(144)][(0.40)(403)]1.40
P2 = 54.1 psia

P2 = ρ2RT2
(54.1)(144) = (0.00248/0.40)(1552)(T2 + 460)
T2 = 350 °F

(c) If isothermal, T2 = T1 = 100 °F and pV = constant.

Thus:

[(15)(144)](403) = [(P2)(144)][(0.40)(403)]
P2 = 37.5 psia

9. (a) Calculate the density, specific weight, and specific

volume of oxygen at 20 °C and 40 kPa abs. (6) If the oxygen
is enclosed in a rigid container, what will be the pressure
if the temperature is reduced to —100 °C?

Solution:

(a) ρ =p/RT
= (40)(1000)/[(260)(20 + 273)]
ρ = 0.525 kg/m3

ϒ = ρg
= (0.525X9.81)
ϒ = 5.15 N/m3

ν = 1/p
= 1/0.525
ν = 1.90 m3/kg

(b) ρ = 1/ν =p/RT.

Since ν and R are constants,
ν/R = T/p = constant,
(20 273)/40 = (—100 + 273)/P2,
P2 = 23.6 kPa.
10. If the viscosity of water at 68 °F is 0.01008 poise, compute
its absolute viscosity (p) in pound-seconds per square foot.
If the specific gravity at 68 °F is 0.998, compute its
kinematic viscosity (v) in square feet per second.

Solution:

The poise is measured in dyne-seconds per square centimeter.

Since 1 lb = 444,800 dynes and 1 ft = 30.48 cm,

1 lbs/ft2 = 444,800 dyne • s/(30.48 cm)2 = 478.8 poises

μ = 0.01008/478.8
μ = 2.11 x 10-5 lbs/ft2

v = μ/g = μ/(ϒ/g)= μg/ϒ

= [(2.11x1O-5)(32.2)]/[(0.998)(62.4)]
v = 1.09x10-5 ft2/s