ex.13.

The design spec has average 60pounds/square inch. Upper spec 65 psi lower spec 55. A sample has mean 61 psi, std dev. 2psi
Known
xx sample mean 61
LSL lower process control limit 55 Design limits
USL upper process control limit 65 1σ
σ std deviation 2 2σ
Calculation 3σ
Cpk upper capability index 1 4σ
lower capability index 0.666667 5σ
Capabilty index 0.666667 6σ
Z (x- xx)/σ
less than 55 -3
more than 65 2
Probability less than 55 0.00135
more than 65 0.02275
total 0.0241

no.2

xx sample mean 1.002

LSL lower process control limit 0.99
USL upper process control limit 1.01
σ std deviation 0.002
Calculation
Cpk upper capability index 2
lower capability index 1.333333
Capabilty index 1.333333
Z (x- xx)/σ
less than 55 -3
more than 65 2
Probability less than 55 0.00135
more than 65 0.02275
total 0.0241
ple has mean 61 psi, std dev. 2psi

Cpk
0.333
0.667
1
1.333
1.667
2
A B
xx sample mean 100 xx
LSL lower process control limit 90 LSL
USL upper process control limit 110 USL
σ std deviation 4 σ
Calculation Calculation
Cpk upper capability index 0.8333333333 Cpk
lower capability index 0.8333333333
Capabilty index 0.8333333333
Z (x- xx)/σ Z
less than lsl -2.5
more than usl 2.5
Probability less than lsl 0.0062096653 Probability
more than ucl 0.0062096653
total 0.0124193307
sample mean 92
lower process control limit 90
upper process control limit 110
std deviation 4

upper capability index 0.166666667

lower capability index 1.5
Capabilty index 0.166666667
(x- xx)/σ
less than lsl -0.5
more than usl 4.5
less than lsl 0.308537539
more than ucl 3.39767E-06
total 0.308540936
 sample n number of defective Fraction defective
1 15 3 0.2
2 15 1 0.0666666667 z= 1.96
3 15 0 0
4 15 0 0
5 15 0 0
6 15 2 0.1333333333
7 15 0 0
8 15 3 0.2
9 15 1 0.0666666667
10 15 0 0
10
pp= 0.066667 0.25
Sp 0.0644061189

0.2
UCL= pp + zSp 0.1929026597
LCL= pp - zSp 0
0.15

0.1

0.05

0
1 2 3 4 5 6
 0.1

0.05

0
1 2 3 4 5 6

Stop the process and look for the specia

 0.192903 0
0.192903 0
0.192903 0
0.192903 0
0.192903 0
0.192903 0
0.192903 0
0.192903 0
0.192903 0
0.192903 0

Sample
UCL
LCL

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

process and look for the special cause, it is out of statistical control
Sample Irregularities
1 3 A. 8.447288
2 5 Average number of defect ( cp ) = 4.3 8.447288
3 2 Sp = c^p 05 2.073644 8.447288
4 6 Z= 2 8.447288
5 5 UCL= cp + zSp 8.447288 8.447288
6 4 LCL= c p - zSp 0.152712 8.447288
7 6 8.447288
8 3 8.447288
9 4 8.447288
10 5 8.447288
Total 43

B.
Sample Irregularities
1 3 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
2 5 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
3 2 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
4 6 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
5 5 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
6 4 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
7 6 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
8 3 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
9 4 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
10 5 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
11 3 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
12 2 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
13 5 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
14 3 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
15 7 8.447288 0.152712 4.3
Total 43
 9
8

0.152712 4.3 6
Column C
0.152712 4.3 5
Column J
0.152712 4.3 Column K
4
0.152712 4.3 Column L
0.152712 4.3 3
0.152712 4.3 2
0.152712 4.3
1
0.152712 4.3
0.152712 4.3 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.152712 4.3

5 Column F
Column H
4 Column I
3 Column J

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

The process is still under control

Column C
Column J
Column K
Column L
z(.955)
pp=
Sp

UCL= pp + zSp
LCL= pp - zSp
 Number Sample
Unsatisfa p(fraction
Date Size
ctory )
Meals
1-Dec 74 1000 0.074
2-Dec 42 1000 0.042
3-Dec 64 1000 0.064
4-Dec 80 1000 0.08
5-Dec 40 1000 0.04
6-Dec 50 1000 0.05
7-Dec 65 1000 0.065
8-Dec 70 1000 0.07
9-Dec 40 1000 0.04
10-Dec 75 1000 0.075
Sum: 600 10000

2
0.06
0.00751

UCL= pp + zSp 0.07502

LCL= pp - zSp 0.04498
Sample Observations Mean Range
no.
1 27.34667 27.50085 29.94412 28.21249 28.25103 2.59745 XX = 30.40289
2 27.79695 26.15006 31.21295 31.33272 29.12317 5.18266 RR= 5.932155
3 33.53255 29.32971 29.7046 31.053 30.90497 4.20284
4 37.98409 32.26942 31.91741 29.44279 32.90343 8.5413 Control Limit for  chart
5 33.82722 30.32543 28.38117 33.70124 31.55877 5.44605 Upper= XX + A2= 34.73336
6 29.68356 29.56677 27.23077 34.00417 30.12132 6.7734 Lower= XX - A2= 26.07242
7 32.6264 26.3203 32.07892 36.17198 31.7994 9.85168 A2= 0.73 (exhibit13.7)
8 30.29575 30.52868 24.43315 26.85241 28.0275 6.09553 Control Limit for  chart
9 28.43856 30.48251 32.43083 30.76162 30.52838 3.99227 Upper= D4= 13.52531
10 28.2779 33.94916 30.47406 28.87447 30.3939 5.67126 Lower= D3= 0
11 26.91885 27.66133 31.46936 29.66928 28.92971 4.55051 D4= 2.28 (exhibit13.7)
12 28.46547 28.29937 28.99441 31.14511 29.22609 2.84574 D3= 0 (exhibit13.7)
13 32.42677 26.1041 29.47718 37.20079 31.30221 11.09669
14 28.84273 30.51801 32.23614 30.47104 30.51698 3.39341
15 30.75136 32.99922 28.08452 26.19981 29.50873 6.79941
16 31.25754 24.29473 35.46477 28.41126 29.85708 11.17004
17 31.24921 28.57954 35.00865 31.23591 31.51833 6.42911
18 31.41554 35.80049 33.60909 27.82131 32.16161 7.97918
19 32.2023 32.02005 32.71018 29.3762 31.57718 3.33398
20 26.91603 29.77775 33.92696 33.78366 31.1011 7.01093
21 35.05322 32.93284 31.51641 27.73615 31.80966 7.31707
22 32.12483 29.32853 30.99709 31.39641 30.96172 2.7963
23 30.09172 32.43938 27.84725 30.70726 30.2714 4.59213
24 30.04835 27.23709 22.01801 28.69624 26.99992 8.03034
25 29.30273 30.83735 30.82735 31.90733 30.71869 2.6046

If there are additional samples

Sample n Observations Mean Range
1 31.6583 29.7833 31.8791 33.9125 31.8083 4.1292
2 34.4643 25.1848 37.76689 39.21143 34.15686 14.02663
3 41.34268 39.5459 29.5571 32.5735 35.7548 11.78558
4 29.4731 25.3784 25.0438 24.0035 25.9747 5.4696
5 25.4671 34.8516 30.1915 31.6222 30.5331 9.3845
6 46.25184 34.71356 41.41277 44.63319 41.75284 11.53828
7 35.4475 38.83289 33.0886 31.6349 34.75097 7.19799
8 34.55143 33.8633 35.18869 42.31515 36.47964 8.45185
9 43.43549 37.36371 38.85718 39.25132 39.72693 6.07178
10 37.05298 42.47056 35.90282 38.21905 38.41135 6.56774
11 38.57292 39.06772 32.2209 33.202 35.76589 6.84682
12 27.0305 33.6397 26.6306 42.79176 32.52314 16.16116
 -Chart
34.7336
35

33

(exhibit13.7) 30.40289 Means

31 XX
UCL
LCL
29
(exhibit13.7)
(exhibit13.7) 27
26.07242

25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Sample Number

-Chart

13.52531

12

Ranges
8 RR
5.932155 UCL
LCL=0

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Sample Number
 30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
Means 30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
XX 30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
UCL 30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
LCL
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
5 30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531
30.40289 34.73336 26.07242 5.932155 13.52531

Ranges
RR
UCL
LCL=0

5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
 -Chart
35
34.7336

33

Means
30.40289
31 XX
UCL
LCL
29

27

26.07242
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Sample Number

ANALYSIS:
Process appears to be in statistical control because
between UCL and LCL both in X-bar chart and R-ba
sample having extreme low mean of 26.99992(sam
need a special attetention for future process, espec
so we can predict next machine re-adjustment or m
 -Chart

13.52531
12

Means Ranges
XX 8 RR
UCL UCL
LCL LCL=0
5.932155
4

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Sample Number

be in statistical control because all of the sample is contained

LCL both in X-bar chart and R-bar Chart, although there is a
eme low mean of 26.99992(sample number 24). Therefore it
tention for future process, especially if the trend is going down,
next machine re-adjustment or maintenance.
Ranges
RR
UCL
LCL=0
Sample Observations Mean Range
no.
1 27.34667 27.50085 29.94412 28.21249 28.25103 2.59745 XX = 31.83002
2 27.79695 26.15006 31.21295 31.33272 29.12317 5.18266 RR= 6.917162
3 33.53255 29.32971 29.7046 31.053 30.90497 4.20284
4 37.98409 32.26942 31.91741 29.44279 32.90343 8.5413 Control Limit for  chart
5 33.82722 30.32543 28.38117 33.70124 31.55877 5.44605 Upper= XX + A2=
6 29.68356 29.56677 27.23077 34.00417 30.12132 6.7734 Lower= XX - A2=
7 32.6264 26.3203 32.07892 36.17198 31.7994 9.85168 A2= 0.73
8 30.29575 30.52868 24.43315 26.85241 28.0275 6.09553 Control Limit for  chart
9 28.43856 30.48251 32.43083 30.76162 30.52838 3.99227 Upper= D4=
10 28.2779 33.94916 30.47406 28.87447 30.3939 5.67126 Lower= D3=
11 26.91885 27.66133 31.46936 29.66928 28.92971 4.55051 D4= 2.28
12 28.46547 28.29937 28.99441 31.14511 29.22609 2.84574 D3= 0
13 32.42677 26.1041 29.47718 37.20079 31.30221 11.09669 ANALYSIS:
14 28.84273 30.51801 32.23614 30.47104 30.51698 3.39341 After the addition of new samples, the XX,
UCL for XX-chart, LCL for XX-chart, RR and UCL
15 30.75136 32.99922 28.08452 26.19981 29.50873 6.79941 for RR -chart are bigger than the initial, this
16 31.25754 24.29473 35.46477 28.41126 29.85708 11.17004 means the 12 additional samples have
17 31.24921 28.57954 35.00865 31.23591 31.51833 6.42911 poorer quality compared to the 25 initial
sample.
18 31.41554 35.80049 33.60909 27.82131 32.16161 7.97918 The process appears to be out of statistical
19 32.2023 32.02005 32.71018 29.3762 31.57718 3.33398 control indicated by 3 samples higher than
20 26.91603 29.77775 33.92696 33.78366 31.1011 7.01093 UCL(no.31, 34 and 35) and 1 sample (no.29)
below LCL in X-bar Chart. In R-bar Chart
21 35.05322 32.93284 31.51641 27.73615 31.80966 7.31707 sample 37 is higher than UCL. Therefore it
22 32.12483 29.32853 30.99709 31.39641 30.96172 2.7963 need further investigation into the process
especially process for new 12 additional
23 30.09172 32.43938 27.84725 30.70726 30.2714 4.59213 samples to determine the root cause, is it
24 30.04835 27.23709 22.01801 28.69624 26.99992 8.03034 any issue on the machinery, is there human
25 29.30273 30.83735 30.82735 31.90733 30.71869 2.6046 error factor.
26 31.6583 29.7833 31.8791 33.9125 31.8083 4.1292
27 34.4643 25.1848 37.76689 39.21143 34.15686 14.02663
28 41.34268 39.5459 29.5571 32.5735 35.7548 11.78558
29 29.4731 25.3784 25.0438 24.0035 25.9747 5.4696
30 25.4671 34.8516 30.1915 31.6222 30.5331 9.3845
31 46.25184 34.71356 41.41277 44.63319 41.75284 11.53828 NEW ADDITIONAL
32 35.4475 38.83289 33.0886 31.6349 34.75097 7.19799 SAMPLES
33 34.55143 33.8633 35.18869 42.31515 36.47964 8.45185
34 43.43549 37.36371 38.85718 39.25132 39.72693 6.07178
35 37.05298 42.47056 35.90282 38.21905 38.41135 6.56774
36 38.57292 39.06772 32.2209 33.202 35.76589 6.84682
37 27.0305 33.6397 26.6306 42.79176 32.52314 16.16116
 -Chart

40
mit for  chart
36.87955
36.87955 M
26.78049 35 XX
(exhibit13.7) UC
mit for  chart LC
15.77113 31.83002
30
0
(exhibit13.7)
(exhibit13.7) 25
26.78049
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 17 Number
15Sample 1 9 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37
of new samples, the XX,
CL for XX-chart, RR and UCL
gger than the initial, this -Chart
itional samples have
mpared to the 25 initial
15.77113
15
ars to be out of statistical
by 3 samples higher than
d 35) and 1 sample (no.29) 12
r Chart. In R-bar Chart
er than UCL. Therefore it Ra
stigation into the process RR
for new 12 additional 9
mine the root cause, is it UC
machinery, is there human 6.917162 LCL
6

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15Sample 1 9 2 1 23
17 Number 25 27 29 31 33 35 37
 31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
Means
XX 31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
UCL 31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
LCL 31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
1 33 35 37 31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
Ranges 31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
RR 31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
UCL 31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
LCL=0 31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
1 33 35 37
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
31.83002 36.87955 26.78049 6.917162
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0
15.77113 0