MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE

The following formulae may be helpful in answering the questions. The symbols given
are commonly used.

RELATIONS

y 2  y1
1 a m × a n = a mn 12 m
x2  x1

y - intercept
2 a m  a n = a mn 13 m 
x - intercept

3 ( a m ) n = a mn 14 Pythagoras Theorem
c 2  a2  b2

1  d  b
4 A 1   
ad  bc   c a 

n A
5 P  A 
nS 

6  
P A'  1  P A

7 Distance = ( x 2  x1 ) 2  ( y 2  y1 ) 2

 x  x 2 y1  y 2 
8 Midpoint (x, y) =  1 , 
 2 2 

distance travelled
9 Average speed =
time taken

sum of data
10 Mean =
number of data

sum of (class mark  frequency)

11 Mean =
sum of frequencie s

2
 SHAPES AND SPACE

1 Area of rectangle = length × width

2 Area of parallelogram = base × height

1
3 Area of trapezium = × sum of parallel sides × height
2

4 Circumference of circle   d  2  r

5 Area of circle   r 2

6 Curved surface area of cylinder  2  r h

7 Surface area of sphere  4 r 2

8 Volume of right prism  cross sectional area  length

9 Volume of cuboid  length  width  height

10 Volume of cylinder   r 2 h

1 2
11 Volume of cone  r h
3
4
12 Volume of sphere   r 3
3
1
13 Volume of right pyramid   base area  height
3
14 Sum of interior angles of a polygon  (n  2)  180

Arc length Angle subtended at centre

15 
Circumfere nce of circle 360

Area of sector Angle subtended at centre

16 
Area of circle 360

PA'
17 Scale factor, k 
PA

18 Area of image  k 2  area of object